Elasticsearch（v8.5） 常用操作大全

我直接给你一套 Elasticsearch 8.5.0 最常用、最实用、你项目 100% 会用到的命令大全 ！

全部可以在 Kibana → Dev Tools 里直接运行！

🚀 Elasticsearch 常用操作大全

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1️⃣ 查看集群/索引信息

# 查看所有索引
GET /_cat/indices?v

# 查看集群健康状态
GET /_cluster/health

# 查看节点信息
GET /_cat/nodes?v

# 查看所有插件（看IK分词器）
GET /_cat/plugins?v

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2️⃣ 分词测试（IK 中文分词）

# 标准分词（英文分词，不适合中文）
POST /_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "standard",
  "text": "我是中国人"
}

# IK智能分词（推荐）
POST /_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "ik_smart",
  "text": "我是中国人"
}

# IK最大分词（细粒度，适合搜索）
POST /_analyze
{
  "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
  "text": "我是中国人"
}

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3️⃣ 创建索引（带中文分词）

PUT /album_index
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": { "type": "long" },
      "title": { 
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      },
      "author": { 
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
      },
      "intro": { 
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
      },
      "createTime": { "type": "date" }
    }
  }
}

---

4️⃣ 新增/修改文档

# 新增文档（自动生成ID）
POST /album_index/_doc
{
  "title": "三体",
  "author": "刘慈欣",
  "intro": "科幻神作",
  "createTime": "2025-01-01"
}

# 新增/覆盖文档（指定ID）
PUT /album_index/_doc/1
{
  "title": "三体",
  "author": "刘慈欣",
  "intro": "科幻神作"
}

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5️⃣ 查询数据（最常用）

# 根据ID查询
GET /album_index/_doc/1

# 查询所有数据
GET /album_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

# 中文关键词搜索（核心！）
GET /album_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "三体"
    }
  }
}

# 多字段搜索（标题+简介）
GET /album_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "三体",
      "fields": ["title","intro"]
    }
  }
}

# 精准匹配（不分词）
GET /album_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "author.keyword": "刘慈欣"
    }
  }
}

---

6️⃣ 修改/删除数据

# 局部更新
POST /album_index/_update/1
{
  "doc": {
    "intro": "最新简介"
  }
}

# 删除文档
DELETE /album_index/_doc/1

# 删除整个索引
DELETE /album_index

---

7️⃣ 高级搜索（排序、分页、高亮）

GET /album_index/_search
{
  "from": 0,
  "size": 10,
  "query": {
    "match": { "title": "三体" }
  },
  "sort": [
    { "createTime": { "order": "desc" } }
  ],
  "highlight": {
    "fields": {
      "title": {}
    }
  }
}

---

8️⃣ 查看索引结构/配置

# 查看索引结构
GET /album_index/_mapping

# 查看索引设置
GET /album_index/_settings

索引核心操作

PUT /album_index
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 0
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "id": { "type": "long" },
      "title": { 
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word",
        "search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
      },
      "author": { 
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
      },
      "intro": { 
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
      },
      "createTime": { "type": "date" }
    }
  }
}

---

🚀 创建完索引后，一共就 3 个核心用法

1️⃣ 往里面添加数据（存专辑）

POST /album_index/_doc/1
{
  "id": 1,
  "title": "三体",
  "author": "刘慈欣",
  "intro": "科幻神作，讲述人类和外星文明的故事",
  "createTime": "2025-01-01"
}

POST /album_index/_doc/2
{
  "id": 2,
  "title": "雪中悍刀行",
  "author": "烽火戏诸侯",
  "intro": "经典玄幻武侠，有声书超火",
  "createTime": "2025-01-02"
}

---

2️⃣ 搜索数据

搜标题里包含 "三体"

GET /album_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "title": "三体"
    }
  }
}

搜标题 + 简介都包含 "科幻"

GET /album_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "multi_match": {
      "query": "科幻",
      "fields": ["title", "intro"]
    }
  }
}

搜作者 "刘慈欣"

GET /album_index/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "author": "刘慈欣"
    }
  }
}

---

3️⃣ 修改 / 删除数据

修改专辑简介

POST /album_index/_update/1
{
  "doc": {
    "intro": "这是修改后的简介"
  }
}

删除一条数据

DELETE /album_index/_doc/1

---