[大学院-python-base gammer learning２: python base programming ]

$python-base gammer learning２: python base programming$

1:introduction
[2:computer setting development environment & Jupyter Notebook](#2:computer setting development environment & Jupyter Notebook)
- [(1):computer setting development environment](#(1):computer setting development environment)
- [(2):Jupyter Notebook](#(2):Jupyter Notebook)
[is used for comments](#is used for comments)
[3: python (1)-base](#3: python (1)-base)
- [(1):Features of python](#(1):Features of python)
- (2):Variables
- [(3):Basic Data Types](#(3):Basic Data Types)
- (4):Operators
[4: python (2)-loop](#4: python (2)-loop)
- [(1):control structures](#(1):control structures)
- [(2): Loops : for and while](#(2): Loops : for and while)
[4: python (3)-Data Structures](#4: python (3)-Data Structures)
[5: python (4)-Advanced feature & Philosophy](#5: python (4)-Advanced feature & Philosophy)
- [(1):Advanced feature](#(1):Advanced feature)
- (2):Philosophy
[6: Simple Practice Examples (Python)](#6: Simple Practice Examples (Python))
- [🧩 Example 1: Odd or Even (if statement)](#🧩 Example 1: Odd or Even (if statement))
- - [✅ Solution](#✅ Solution)
- [🧩 Example 2: Sum with a Loop (for)](#🧩 Example 2: Sum with a Loop (for))
- - [✅ Solution](#✅ Solution)
- [🧩 Example 3: String Processing](#🧩 Example 3: String Processing)
- - [✅ Solution](#✅ Solution)
- [🧩 Example 4: Function (Basic)](#🧩 Example 4: Function (Basic))
- - [✅ Solution](#✅ Solution)
- [🧩 Example 5: List Processing](#🧩 Example 5: List Processing)
- - [✅ Solution](#✅ Solution)
- [🧩 Example 6: Dictionary (Counting)](#🧩 Example 6: Dictionary (Counting))
- - [✅ Solution](#✅ Solution)
- [🧩 Example 7: Simple Class (OOP)](#🧩 Example 7: Simple Class (OOP))
- - [✅ Solution](#✅ Solution)
- [🧩 Example 8: File Writing](#🧩 Example 8: File Writing)
- - [✅ Solution](#✅ Solution)
[🎯 Quick Summary (for exams)](#🎯 Quick Summary (for exams))

1:introduction

people should constantly　improve themselves.

I ofter use Python in my work and studies , However I have not systematically learned Python grammear before.

this is something I wangt to change

I aim to learn Python grammar thoroughly and gain a deeper understanding of it

2:computer setting development environment & Jupyter Notebook

(1):computer setting development environment

It is ver important to ensure that your computer settings and development environment are properly configured .

If the setup is in corret or complicated , Python may not work properly , and errors may occur

Therefore we need to make sure that our computer setings and development environment are correctly prepared

System Requirements

win : 10 /11
python 3.x

(2):Jupyter Notebook

Write code >>> Shift + Enter to run
Use print() to display output

is used for comments

3: python (1)-base

(1):Features of python

simple and readable syntax
Interpreted language(no compilation needed)
Use indentation instead of {}
Dynamically typed (no type declaration required)
supports object-oriented and functional programming
Rich ecosystem (NumPy,pandas , AI libraries)

(2):Variables

Naming : letters , numbers, underscore
case - sensitive
No type declaration needed
Undefined variables cause errors

(3):Basic Data Types

None (no value) Vaid
int (integer)
bool (True=1 / False=1)
float(real number)
str(string):strings are immutable

(4):Operators

{ + - * / } basic operations
// floor division
% remainder
** exponent

4: python (2)-loop

(1):control structures

if statement : Uses indentation instead of brackets

c 复制代码

if statement :
    return ...
elif statement :
    return ...
else:
    return ...

(2): Loops : for and while

(1)for with range() :

c 复制代码

for i in range(n):

(2)while loop

bash 复制代码

while statement :

(3)keywords:

break >> exit loop

continue >> skip iteration

4: python (3)-Data Structures

(1):List

mutable , flexible
supports slicing

c 复制代码

append()
insert()
pop()
remove()

(2):Tuple

immutable
used for ()

(3):Dictionary

key-value structure

c 复制代码

{'a':1, 'b':2}

(4):Set

No duplicates, unordered

5: python (4)-Advanced feature & Philosophy

(1):Advanced feature

List Comprehension

Concise way to create lists

c 复制代码

[e*e for e in x]

(2):Philosophy

readability is important
simple is better than complex
Explicit is better than implicit

6: Simple Practice Examples (Python)

🧩 Example 1: Odd or Even (if statement)

Task:

Check whether a number is odd or even.

✅ Solution

python 复制代码

x = 7

if x % 2 == 0:
    print("even")
else:
    print("odd")

🧩 Example 2: Sum with a Loop (for)

Task:

Calculate the sum from 1 to 10.

✅ Solution

python 复制代码

total = 0

for i in range(1, 11):
    total += i

print(total)  # 55

🧩 Example 3: String Processing

Task:

Count how many times "a" appears in a string.

✅ Solution

python 复制代码

s = "banana"

count = 0
for c in s:
    if c == "a":
        count += 1

print(count)  # 3

🧩 Example 4: Function (Basic)

Task:

Create a function that returns the square of a number.

✅ Solution

python 复制代码

def square(x):
    return x * x

print(square(5))  # 25

🧩 Example 5: List Processing

Task:

Multiply all elements in a list by 2.

✅ Solution

python 复制代码

x = [1, 2, 3, 4]

y = []
for n in x:
    y.append(n * 2)

print(y)  # [2, 4, 6, 8]

👉 Short version (list comprehension):

python 复制代码

y = [n * 2 for n in x]

🧩 Example 6: Dictionary (Counting)

Task:

Count how many times each number appears.

✅ Solution

python 复制代码

nums = [1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1]

d = {}

for n in nums:
    if n not in d:
        d[n] = 1
    else:
        d[n] += 1

print(d)
# {1: 3, 2: 2, 3: 1}

🧩 Example 7: Simple Class (OOP)

Task:

Create a Student class and print the name.

✅ Solution

python 复制代码

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def show(self):
        print(self.name)

s = Student("Tom")
s.show()

🧩 Example 8: File Writing

Task:

Write a line into a file.

✅ Solution

python 复制代码

with open("test.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write("Hello Python")

🎯 Quick Summary (for exams)

if → condition
for → loop
def → function
list → multiple values
dict → counting
class → objects