Flask + MySQL 极简 Web 项目搭建
一、项目结构（超干净）
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| Plain Text flask_demo/ ├── app.py # 主程序 ├── requirements.txt # 依赖 └── .env # 数据库配置 |
二、requirements.txt（直接复制）
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| txt flask flask-sqlalchemy pymysql python-dotenv cryptography |
三、.env 数据库配置
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| env DB_HOST=localhost DB_USER=root DB_PASSWORD=你的密码 DB_NAME=flask_demo DB_PORT=3306 |
四、[app.py](app.py)（完整可运行代码）
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| python from flask import Flask, request, jsonify from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy from dotenv import load_dotenv import os # 加载环境变量 load_dotenv() # 初始化 Flask app = Flask(name) # 连接 MySQL app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f"mysql+pymysql://{os.getenv('DB_USER')}:{os.getenv('DB_PASSWORD')}@{os.getenv('DB_HOST')}:{os.getenv('DB_PORT')}/{os.getenv('DB_NAME')}" app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False # 初始化数据库 db = SQLAlchemy(app) # ==================== 数据库模型 ==================== class User(db.Model): tablename = "users" id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True) name = db.Column(db.String(50)) email = db.Column(db.String(100), unique=True) age = db.Column(db.Integer) # ==================== 接口（CRUD） ==================== # 1. 创建用户 @app.route('/user', methods=['POST']) def create_user(): data = request.json user = User(name=data['name'], email=data['email'], age=data.get('age')) db.session.add(user) db.session.commit() return jsonify({"msg": "创建成功", "id": user.id}) # 2. 查询所有用户 @app.route('/users', methods=['GET']) def get_users(): users = User.query.all() res = [{"id": u.id, "name": u.name, "email": u.email, "age": u.age} for u in users] return jsonify(res) # 3. 查询单个用户 @app.route('/user/<int:id>', methods=['GET']) def get_user(id): user = User.query.get(id) if not user: return jsonify({"msg": "用户不存在"}), 404 return jsonify({"id": user.id, "name": user.name, "email": user.email, "age": user.age}) # 4. 更新用户 @app.route('/user/<int:id>', methods=['PUT']) def update_user(id): user = User.query.get(id) if not user: return jsonify({"msg": "用户不存在"}), 404 data = request.json user.name = data.get('name', user.name) user.email = data.get('email', user.email) user.age = data.get('age', user.age) db.session.commit() return jsonify({"msg": "更新成功"}) # 5. 删除用户 @app.route('/user/<int:id>', methods=['DELETE']) def delete_user(id): user = User.query.get(id) if not user: return jsonify({"msg": "用户不存在"}), 404 db.session.delete(user) db.session.commit() return jsonify({"msg": "删除成功"}) # 启动时创建表 with app.app_context(): db.create_all() # 启动 if name == 'main': app.run(debug=True) |
五、运行步骤（超级简单）
1. 安装依赖
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| bash pip install -r requirements.txt |
2. 启动项目
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| bash python app.py |
3. 访问地址
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| Plain Text http://127.0.0.1:5000 |
4. 接口列表
- POST /user → 创建用户
- GET /users → 获取所有用户
- GET /user/1 → 获取单个用户
- PUT /user/1 → 更新用户
- DELETE /user/1 → 删除用户
✅ 这个 Flask 项目特点
- 代码最少
- 结构最简单
- 直接连接 MySQL
- 完整 CRUD
- 无命名冲突
- 可直接运行