JAVA面试-并发篇 02-synchronized 锁可以重入吗

JAVA9652026-06-02 8:18

synchronized 可重入机制

一、一句话核心

同一个线程可以多次获取同一把锁，不会死锁。

  • 原理：锁自带计数器，加锁+1，释放-1，归0才真正释放
  • 类比：一把家门钥匙能开家里所有房间门

二、为什么必须有可重入？

没有可重入，下面代码会直接死锁：

java 复制代码 
public synchronized void a() { b(); } // 拿了锁调用b()
public synchronized void b() {}       // 再拿同一把锁，自己等自己

三、三种锁的可重入实现对比

锁状态 计数器在哪 怎么判断是同一个线程
偏向锁 对象头Mark Word 检查里面存的线程ID
轻量级锁 线程栈的Lock Record链表 检查锁记录的所有者
重量级锁 Monitor对象的count字段 检查Monitor的owner

四、重量级锁（最常考）实现

Monitor核心结构

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owner: 谁拿着锁
count: 重入次数

执行流程

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否
是
否
是
否
线程拿锁
owner是自己?
count+1
owner是空?
owner=自己, count=1
排队等
执行代码
释放: count-1
count=0?
owner清空, 唤醒排队线程
锁还在自己手里

五、轻量级锁实现

用栈里多个锁记录代替计数器：
#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}@keyframes edge-animation-frame{from{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}@keyframes dash{to{stroke-dashoffset:0;}}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edge-animation-slow{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 50s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edge-animation-fast{stroke-dasharray:9,5!important;stroke-dashoffset:900;animation:dash 20s linear infinite;stroke-linecap:round;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edge-thickness-invisible{stroke-width:0;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q p{margin:0;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .label{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .cluster-label text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .cluster-label span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .cluster-label span p{background-color:transparent;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .label text,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q span{fill:#333;color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node rect,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node circle,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node ellipse,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node polygon,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node path{fill:#ECECFF;stroke:#9370DB;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .rough-node .label text,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node .label text,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .icon-shape .label{text-anchor:middle;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node .katex path{fill:#000;stroke:#000;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .rough-node .label,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node .label,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .image-shape .label,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .icon-shape .label{text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node.clickable{cursor:pointer;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .root .anchor path{fill:#333333!important;stroke-width:0;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .arrowheadPath{fill:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edgePath .path{stroke:#333333;stroke-width:2.0px;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .flowchart-link{stroke:#333333;fill:none;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edgeLabel{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edgeLabel p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .edgeLabel rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .labelBkg{background-color:rgba(232, 232, 232, 0.5);}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .cluster rect{fill:#ffffde;stroke:#aaaa33;stroke-width:1px;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .cluster text{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .cluster span{color:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q div.mermaidTooltip{position:absolute;text-align:center;max-width:200px;padding:2px;font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;background:hsl(80, 100%, 96.2745098039%);border:1px solid #aaaa33;border-radius:2px;pointer-events:none;z-index:100;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .flowchartTitleText{text-anchor:middle;font-size:18px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q rect.text{fill:none;stroke-width:0;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .icon-shape,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .image-shape{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);text-align:center;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .icon-shape p,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .image-shape p{background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);padding:2px;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .icon-shape .label rect,#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .image-shape .label rect{opacity:0.5;background-color:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);fill:rgba(232,232,232, 0.8);}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .label-icon{display:inline-block;height:1em;overflow:visible;vertical-align:-0.125em;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q .node .label-icon path{fill:currentColor;stroke:revert;stroke-width:revert;}#mermaid-svg-vzizJt8FbeAbiz3q :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;} 线程栈
锁记录3
锁记录2
锁记录1 ← 对象头指向这里

  • 重入1次，栈里多1个锁记录
  • 释放1次，栈里弹出1个锁记录
  • 全弹完，锁真正释放

六、常见误区

误区 正确结论
不同线程也能重入 只允许同一个线程
静态和普通方法能互相重入 锁的对象不同，不能
重入次数无限 最多2^31-1次，超了报错

七、关键总结

特性 说明
核心目的 避免自己把自己卡死
性能影响 几乎为0，只是计数器加减
释放规则 加锁多少次，必须释放多少次
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