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🔥 个人专栏 : 《C语言》《数据结构》 《C++》 《Matlab》 《Python》
⛺️指尖敲代码,雾霭皆可破

文章目录
- 一、底层框架分析
- 二、模拟实现map和set
-
- [2.1 复用红黑树](#2.1 复用红黑树)
- [2.2 insert的实现](#2.2 insert的实现)
- [2.3 iterator实现](#2.3 iterator实现)
- [2.4 \[\]的实现](#2.4 []的实现)
- 三、完整代码
-
- [3.1 RBTree.h](#3.1 RBTree.h)
- [3.2 Myset.h](#3.2 Myset.h)
- [3.3 Mymap.h](#3.3 Mymap.h)
- [3.4 测试代码](#3.4 测试代码)
- 文章结语
一、底层框架分析

- 通过对框架的分析,我们可以看到源码中rb_tree用了一个巧妙的泛型思想实现,rb_tree是实现key的搜索场景,还是key/value的搜索场景不是直接写死的,而是由第二个模板参数Value决定_rb_tree_node中存储的数据类型。
- set实例化rb_tree时第二个模板参数给的是key,map实例化rb_tree时第二个模板参数给的是pair<constkey,T>,这样一颗红黑树既可以实现key搜索场景的set,也可以实现key/value搜索场景的map。
- 源码中的value_type反而是红黑树结点中存储的真实的数据的类型。
- 要注意的是对于map和set,find/erase时的函数参数都是Key,所以第一个模板参数是传给find/erase等函数做形参的类型的。对于set而言两个参数是一样的,但是对于map而言就完全不一样了,mapinsert的是pair对象,但是find和ease的是Key对象
二、模拟实现map和set
实现步骤如下:
1、实现红黑树
2、封装map和set框架,解决KeyOfT
3、iterator
4、const_iterato
5、key不支持修改的问题
6、operator\[\]
2.1 复用红黑树
对红黑树不了解的小伙伴看这篇回顾
2.2 insert的实现
- 为RBTree实现了泛型不知道T参数导致是K,还是pair<K,V>,那么insert内部进行插入逻辑比较时,就没办法进比较,因为pair的默认支持的是key和value一起参与比较,我们需要时的任何时候只比较key,所以我们在map和set层分别实现一个MapKeyOfT和SetKeyOfT的仿函数传给RBTree的KeyOfT,然后RBTree中通过KeyOfT仿函数取出T类型对象中的key,再进行比较,具体细节参考如下代码实现
insert的返回值方便实现[]
cpp
pair<Iterator,bool> Insert(const T& data)
{
KeyofT Kot;
if (_root == nullptr)
{
_root = new Node(data);
_root->_parent = nullptr;
_root->_col = Black;
return { Iterator(_root,_root) ,true};
}
Node* cur = _root;
Node* parent = nullptr;
while (cur)
{
if (Kot(cur->_data) > Kot(data))
{
parent = cur;
cur = cur->_left;
}
else if (Kot(cur->_data) < Kot(data))
{
parent = cur;
cur = cur->_right;
}
else
{
return { Iterator(cur,_root) ,false };
}
}
cur = new Node(data);
Node* newnode = cur;
cur->_col = Red;
if (Kot(parent->_data) > Kot(data))
{
parent->_left = cur;
}
else
{
parent->_right = cur;
}
cur->_parent = parent;
while (parent&&parent->_col==Red)
{
Node* grandfather = parent->_parent;
if (grandfather->_left == parent)
{
Node* uncle = grandfather->_right;
if (uncle&&uncle->_col == Red)
{
grandfather->_col = Red;
parent->_col = Black;
uncle->_col = Black;
cur = grandfather;
parent = grandfather->_parent;
}
else
{
if (cur == parent->_left)
{
RotateR(grandfather);
grandfather->_col = Red;
parent->_col = Black;
}
else
{
RotateL(parent);
RotateR(grandfather);
grandfather->_col = Red;
cur->_col = Black;
}
break;
}
}
else
{
Node* uncle = grandfather->_left;
if (uncle&&uncle->_col == Red)
{
grandfather->_col = Red;
parent->_col = Black;
uncle->_col = Black;
cur = grandfather;
parent = grandfather->_parent;
}
else
{
if (parent->_right==cur)
{
RotateL(grandfather);
grandfather->_col = Red;
parent->_col = Black;
}
else
{
RotateR(parent);
RotateL(grandfather);
grandfather->_col = Red;
cur->_col = Black;
}
break;
}
}
}
_root->_col = Black;
return { Iterator(newnode,_root) ,true };
}
2.3 iterator实现
- **iterator实现的大框架跟list的iterator思路是一致的,用一个类型封装结点的指针,再通过重载运算符实现,迭代器像指针一样访问的行为。
- 迭代器++的核心逻辑就是不看全局,只看局部 ,只考虑当前中序局部要访问的下一个结点。迭代器++时,如果it指向的结点的右子树不为空 ,代表当前结点已经访问完了,要访问下一个结点是右子树的中序第一个,一棵树中序第一个是最左结点,所以直接找右子树的最左结点 即可,如果it指向的结点的右子树为空 ,代表当前结点已经访问完了且当前结点所在的子树也访问完了,要访问的下个结点在当前结点的祖先面,所以要沿着当前结点到根的祖先路径向上找,当节点为祖先的左边,则找到祖先(孩子是父亲左的那个祖先 )

- 迭代器--的实现跟++的思路完全类似,逻辑正好反过来即可,因为他访问顺序是右子树->根结点->左子树,具体参考下面代码实现。
cpp
Self operator++()
{
if (_node->_right)
{
Node* cur = _node->_right;
while (cur->_left)
{
cur = cur->_left;
}
_node = cur;
}
else
{
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent&&parent->_right == cur)
{
cur = parent;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
return *this;
}
Self operator--()
{
if (_node == nullptr)
{
Node* cur = _root;
while (cur->_right)
{
cur = cur->_right;
}
_node = cur;
}
else if (_node->_left)
{
Node* cur = _node->_left;
while (cur->_right)
{
cur = cur->_right;
}
_node = cur;
}
else
{
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent&&parent->_left == cur)
{
cur = parent;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
return *this;
}
- 当没有找到孩子是父亲左的那个祖先,这是父亲为空了,那我们就把it中的结点指针置为nullptr,我们nullptr去充当end(),当end()判断到结点时空,特殊处理一下,让迭代器结点指向最右结点
- iterator也不支持修改,我们把
set或map的第二个模板参数改成const K或pair<const K,V>即可
代码实现
cpp
template<class T,class Ref,class Ptr>
struct RBTreeIterator
{
typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
typedef RBTreeIterator<T, Ref, Ptr> Self;
Node* _node;
Node* _root;
RBTreeIterator(Node* node,Node* root)
:_node(node)
,_root(root)
{
}
Self operator++()
{
if (_node->_right)
{
Node* cur = _node->_right;
while (cur->_left)
{
cur = cur->_left;
}
_node = cur;
}
else
{
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent&&parent->_right == cur)
{
cur = parent;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
return *this;
}
Self operator--()
{
if (_node == nullptr)
{
Node* cur = _root;
while (cur->_right)
{
cur = cur->_right;
}
_node = cur;
}
else if (_node->_left)
{
Node* cur = _node->_left;
while (cur->_right)
{
cur = cur->_right;
}
_node = cur;
}
else
{
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent&&parent->_left == cur)
{
cur = parent;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
return *this;
}
Ref operator*()
{
return _node->_data;
}
Ptr operator->()
{
return &_node->_data;
}
bool operator==(const Self& s )
{
return _node == s._node;
}
bool operator!=(const Self& s )
{
return _node != s._node;
}
};
2.4 \[\]的实现
map要支持[主要需要修改insert返回值支持,修改RBtree中的insert返回值为pair<iterator,bool>
这样既可以充当修改又可以充当查改
代码实现
cpp
V& operator[](const K& Key)
{
pair<iterator,bool> tmp=_t.Insert({Key,V()});
return tmp.first->second;
}
三、完整代码
3.1 RBTree.h
cpp
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
enum Color
{
Red,
Black
};
template<class T>
struct RBTreeNode
{
RBTreeNode<T>* _left;
RBTreeNode<T>* _right;
RBTreeNode<T>* _parent;
Color _col;
T _data;
RBTreeNode(const T& data)
:_left(nullptr)
, _right(nullptr)
, _parent(nullptr)
,_data(data)
{
}
};
template<class T,class Ref,class Ptr>
struct RBTreeIterator
{
typedef RBTreeNode<T> Node;
typedef RBTreeIterator<T, Ref, Ptr> Self;
Node* _node;
Node* _root;
RBTreeIterator(Node* node,Node* root)
:_node(node)
,_root(root)
{
}
Self operator++()
{
if (_node->_right)
{
Node* cur = _node->_right;
while (cur->_left)
{
cur = cur->_left;
}
_node = cur;
}
else
{
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent&&parent->_right == cur)
{
cur = parent;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
return *this;
}
Self operator--()
{
if (_node == nullptr)
{
Node* cur = _root;
while (cur->_right)
{
cur = cur->_right;
}
_node = cur;
}
else if (_node->_left)
{
Node* cur = _node->_left;
while (cur->_right)
{
cur = cur->_right;
}
_node = cur;
}
else
{
Node* cur = _node;
Node* parent = cur->_parent;
while (parent&&parent->_left == cur)
{
cur = parent;
parent = cur->_parent;
}
_node = parent;
}
return *this;
}
Ref operator*()
{
return _node->_data;
}
Ptr operator->()
{
return &_node->_data;
}
bool operator==(const Self& s )
{
return _node == s._node;
}
bool operator!=(const Self& s )
{
return _node != s._node;
}
};
template<class K, class T,class KeyofT>
struct RBTree
{
using Node = RBTreeNode<T>;
typedef RBTreeIterator<T, T&, T*> Iterator;
typedef RBTreeIterator<T, const T&, const T*> ConstIterator;
public:
Iterator Begin()
{
Node* cur = _root;
while (cur&&cur->_left)
{
cur = cur->_left;
}
return Iterator(cur,_root);
}
Iterator End()
{
return Iterator(nullptr, _root);
}
ConstIterator Begin()const
{
Node* cur = _root;
while (cur&&cur->_left)
{
cur = cur->_left;
}
return Iterator(cur, _root);
}
ConstIterator End()const
{
return Iterator(nullptr, _root);
}
pair<Iterator,bool> Insert(const T& data)
{
KeyofT Kot;
if (_root == nullptr)
{
_root = new Node(data);
_root->_parent = nullptr;
_root->_col = Black;
return { Iterator(_root,_root) ,true};
}
Node* cur = _root;
Node* parent = nullptr;
while (cur)
{
if (Kot(cur->_data) > Kot(data))
{
parent = cur;
cur = cur->_left;
}
else if (Kot(cur->_data) < Kot(data))
{
parent = cur;
cur = cur->_right;
}
else
{
return { Iterator(cur,_root) ,false };
}
}
cur = new Node(data);
Node* newnode = cur;
cur->_col = Red;
if (Kot(parent->_data) > Kot(data))
{
parent->_left = cur;
}
else
{
parent->_right = cur;
}
cur->_parent = parent;
while (parent&&parent->_col==Red)
{
Node* grandfather = parent->_parent;
if (grandfather->_left == parent)
{
Node* uncle = grandfather->_right;
if (uncle&&uncle->_col == Red)
{
grandfather->_col = Red;
parent->_col = Black;
uncle->_col = Black;
cur = grandfather;
parent = grandfather->_parent;
}
else
{
if (cur == parent->_left)
{
RotateR(grandfather);
grandfather->_col = Red;
parent->_col = Black;
}
else
{
RotateL(parent);
RotateR(grandfather);
grandfather->_col = Red;
cur->_col = Black;
}
break;
}
}
else
{
Node* uncle = grandfather->_left;
if (uncle&&uncle->_col == Red)
{
grandfather->_col = Red;
parent->_col = Black;
uncle->_col = Black;
cur = grandfather;
parent = grandfather->_parent;
}
else
{
if (parent->_right==cur)
{
RotateL(grandfather);
grandfather->_col = Red;
parent->_col = Black;
}
else
{
RotateR(parent);
RotateL(grandfather);
grandfather->_col = Red;
cur->_col = Black;
}
break;
}
}
}
_root->_col = Black;
return { Iterator(newnode,_root) ,true };
}
~RBTree()
{
Destroy(_root);
}
private:
void RotateR(Node* parent)
{
Node* subL = parent->_left;
Node* subLR = subL->_right;
parent->_left = subLR;
if (subLR)
subLR->_parent = parent;
Node* pParent = parent->_parent;
subL->_right = parent;
parent->_parent = subL;
if (pParent == nullptr)
{
_root = subL;
subL->_parent = nullptr;
}
else
{
if (pParent->_left == parent)
{
pParent->_left = subL;
}
else
{
pParent->_right = subL;
}
subL->_parent = pParent;
}
}
void RotateL(Node* parent)
{
Node* subR = parent->_right;
Node* subRL = subR->_left;
parent->_right = subRL;
if (subRL)
subRL->_parent = parent;
Node*pParent = parent->_parent;
subR->_left = parent;
parent->_parent = subR;
if (pParent == nullptr)
{
_root = subR;
subR->_parent = nullptr;
}
else
{
if (pParent->_left == parent)
{
pParent->_left = subR;
}
else
{
pParent->_right = subR;
}
subR->_parent = pParent;
}
}
void Destroy(Node*root)
{
if (root == nullptr)
{
return;
}
Destroy(root->_left);
Destroy(root->_right);
delete root;
}
Node* Copy(Node* root)
{
if (root == nullptr)
{
return;
}
Node* newnode = new Node(root->_data);
newnode->_left = Copy(root->_left);
newnode->_right = Copy(root->_right);
return newnode;
}
Node* _root = nullptr;
};
3.2 Myset.h
cpp
#pragma once
#include"RBTree.h"
namespace KeyBreak
{
template<class K>
class Myset
{
struct KeyofMyset
{
const K& operator()(const K& Key)
{
return Key;
}
};
public:
typedef typename RBTree<K, const K, KeyofMyset>::Iterator iterator;
typedef typename RBTree<K, const K, KeyofMyset>::ConstIterator const_iterator;
pair<iterator,bool> insert(const K& Key)
{
return _t.Insert(Key);
}
iterator begin()
{
return _t.Begin();
}
iterator end()
{
return _t.End();
}
const_iterator begin()const
{
return _t.Begin();
}
const_iterator end()const
{
return _t.End();
}
private:
RBTree<K, const K,KeyofMyset> _t;
};
}
3.3 Mymap.h
cpp
#pragma once
#include"RBTree.h"
namespace KeyBreak
{
template<class K,class V>
class Mymap
{
struct KeyofMap
{
const K& operator()(const pair<K, V>& kv)
{
return kv.first;
}
};
public:
typedef typename RBTree<K, pair<const K, V>, KeyofMap>::Iterator iterator;
typedef typename RBTree<K, pair<const K, V>, KeyofMap>::ConstIterator const_iterator;
pair<iterator,bool> insert(const pair<K, V>& kv)
{
return _t.Insert(kv);
}
iterator begin()
{
return _t.Begin();
}
iterator end()
{
return _t.End();
}
const_iterator begin()const
{
return _t.Begin();
}
const_iterator end()const
{
return _t.End();
}
V& operator[](const K& Key)
{
pair<iterator,bool> tmp=_t.Insert({Key,V()});
return tmp.first->second;
}
private:
RBTree<K, pair<const K,V>,KeyofMap> _t;
};
}
3.4 测试代码
test.cpp
运行结果如下(支持正序遍历,倒序遍历、插入、修改)

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"Myset.h"
#include"Mymap.h"
int main()
{
KeyBreak::Myset<int> s;
s.insert(2);
s.insert(6);
s.insert(5);
s.insert(4);
s.insert(1);
KeyBreak::Myset<int>::iterator it= s.begin();
while (it != s.end())
{
cout << *it << " ";
++it;
}
cout << endl;
KeyBreak::Myset<int>::iterator it2 = s.end();
while (it2 != s.begin())
{
--it2;
cout << *it2 << " ";
}
KeyBreak::Mymap<string, string> m;
m.insert({ "left","左边" });
m.insert({ "right","右边" });
m.insert({ "sort","排序" });
m["left"] = "剩余";
m["insert"] = "插入";
m["string"];
cout << endl;
KeyBreak::Mymap<string, string>::iterator it1 = m.begin();
while (it1 != m.end())
{
cout << it1->first << " :"<<it1->second<<endl;
++it1;
}
}
文章结语
感谢你读到这里~我是「键盘敲碎了雾霭」,愿这篇文字帮你敲开了技术里的小迷雾 💻
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