MFC程序开发自学笔记其一——windows应用程序与c++基础

一个可运行的windows应用程序源代码大概可以分为四个部分

注册窗口类
创建窗口
主窗口消息处理
主消息循环

cpp 复制代码

// WindowsProject1.cpp : 定义应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "framework.h"
#include "WindowsProject1.h"

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

// 全局变量:
HINSTANCE hInst;                                // 当前实例
WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                  // 标题栏文本
WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];            // 主窗口类名

// 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明:
ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
INT_PTR CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                     _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                     _In_ LPWSTR    lpCmdLine,
                     _In_ int       nCmdShow)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);

    // TODO: 在此处放置代码。

    // 初始化全局字符串
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_WINDOWSPROJECT1, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

    // 执行应用程序初始化:
    if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_WINDOWSPROJECT1));

    MSG msg;

    // 主消息循环:
    while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0))
    {
        if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    }

    return (int) msg.wParam;
}



//
//  函数: MyRegisterClass()
//
//  目标: 注册窗口类。
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
    WNDCLASSEXW wcex;

    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

    wcex.style          = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc    = WndProc;
    wcex.cbClsExtra     = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra     = 0;
    wcex.hInstance      = hInstance;
    wcex.hIcon          = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_WINDOWSPROJECT1));
    wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground  = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wcex.lpszMenuName   = MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_WINDOWSPROJECT1);
    wcex.lpszClassName  = szWindowClass;
    wcex.hIconSm        = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));

    return RegisterClassExW(&wcex);
}

//
//   函数: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
//
//   目标: 保存实例句柄并创建主窗口
//
//   注释:
//
//        在此函数中，我们在全局变量中保存实例句柄并
//        创建和显示主程序窗口。
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
   hInst = hInstance; // 将实例句柄存储在全局变量中

   HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
      CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr);
   if (hWnd) {
       CreateWindowW(L"BUTTON", L"点击我",
           WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
           10, 10, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)1001, hInstance, nullptr);

       CreateWindowW(L"STATIC", L"用户名：",
           WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE,
           10, 85, 50, 20, hWnd, (HMENU)-1, hInstance, nullptr);

       CreateWindowW(L"EDIT", L"请输入文字",
           WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | ES_LEFT,
           10, 50, 200, 25, hWnd, (HMENU)1002, hInstance, nullptr);

   }
   if (!hWnd)
   {
      return FALSE;
   }

   ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
   UpdateWindow(hWnd);

   return TRUE;
}

//
//  函数: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
//
//  目标: 处理主窗口的消息。
//
//  WM_COMMAND  - 处理应用程序菜单
//  WM_PAINT    - 绘制主窗口
//  WM_DESTROY  - 发送退出消息并返回
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_COMMAND:
        {
            int wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
            // 分析菜单选择:
            switch (wmId)
            {
            case IDM_ABOUT:
                DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About);
                break;
            case IDM_EXIT:
                DestroyWindow(hWnd);
                break;
            default:
                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
            }
        }
        break;
    case WM_PAINT:
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
            // TODO: 在此处添加使用 hdc 的任何绘图代码...
            EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        }
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// "关于"框的消息处理程序。
INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam);
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_INITDIALOG:
        return (INT_PTR)TRUE;

    case WM_COMMAND:
        if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
        {
            EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
            return (INT_PTR)TRUE;
        }
        break;
    }
    return (INT_PTR)FALSE;
}

四个主要函数

函数返回值作用调用时机

MyRegisterClass ATOM 注册窗口类程序启动时

InitInstance BOOL 创建主窗口程序启动时

WndProc LRESULT 主窗口消息处理各种事件发生时

About INT_PTR 关于对话框处理点击"关于"菜单时

cpp 复制代码

#include<stdio.h>
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;
class people{
public:
	double weight;
	double high;
	char name;
	void showname() {
		cout << this->name << endl;
	}

};

class solider :public people {
public:
	static int basical;
	solider();
	solider(double a);

	double level;
	double fight();
	solider(const solider& other);
	int operator+(const solider& b) {

	}

	~solider()
	{
		cout << "析构函数" << endl;
	}
};
int solider::basical = 20;
double solider::fight() {
	return weight * high * level;
}
solider::solider() {
	cout << "初始化已完成，初始战斗力为10" << endl;
	weight = 1;
	high = 2;
	level = 10;
}
//构造函数以及可以有多个构造函数
solider::solider(double a) {
	cout << "构造函数" << endl;
	weight = a;
	high = 2;
	level = 10;
}
solider::solider(const solider& other) {
	weight = other.weight;
	high = other.high;
	level = other.level;
	cout << "复制构造函数" << endl;
}



int main() {
	//cout << "hello,world" <<"hello,hello"<< endl;
	solider l;
	l.weight = 1;
	l.high = 2;
	l.level = 30;
	cout << "solider的战斗力是" << l.fight() << endl;
	solider p(10);
	solider o = p;//初始化新对象
	l.name = 'a';
	l.showname();
	l.basical = 10;//静态数据成员
	cout << l.basical << endl;
	p.basical = 20;
	cout << l.basical << endl;



}

一些基本概念，构造函数析构函数，虚函数，继承，静态数据成员，静态方法，友元素，友元函数，方法重载，this指针