Prometheus集成AI分析事件

黑马金牌编程2026-07-12 9:06

由人肉运维------>脚本运维------>自动化运维------>智能化运维靠拢

先基础n8n实现工作流

一、在k8s集群中安装n8n

1、克隆官方仓库的n8n

复制代码 
git clone https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n-hosting.git

进入n8n-hosting/kubernetes目录

创建集群的默认StorageClass，我这集群没有所以要创建

复制代码 
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: standard
  annotations:
    storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
EOF

需要先确认你的 worker 节点名称，用来配置 PV 的节点亲和性：

2、创建 PV（绑定到 k8s-node1）

创建 PostgreSQL 的 PV

复制代码 
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat PostgreSQL-pv.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: postgres-pv
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: standard
  hostPath:
    path: /mnt/data/postgres
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
      - matchExpressions:
        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
          operator: In
          values:
          - k8s-node-1
[root@k8s-master ~]#

创建 n8n 的 PV

复制代码 
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: n8n-pv
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 5Gi
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  storageClassName: standard
  hostPath:
    path: /mnt/data/n8n
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
      - matchExpressions:
        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
          operator: In
          values:
          - k8s-node-1   # ⚠️ 替换成你的 worker 节点名
EOF

验证 PV 是否创建成功：

复制代码 
kubectl get pv

在 worker 节点上创建数据目录

复制代码 
mkdir -p /mnt/data/postgres
mkdir -p /mnt/data/n8n
chmod 777 /mnt/data/postgres
chmod 777 /mnt/data/n8n

修改数据库密码

postgres-secret.yaml

复制代码 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  namespace: n8n
  name: postgres-secret
type: Opaque
stringData:
  POSTGRES_USER: changeUser
  POSTGRES_PASSWORD: changePassword
  POSTGRES_DB: n8n
  POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER: changeUser
  POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_PASSWORD: changePassword

3、按顺序部署所有资源

复制代码 
# 1. 创建命名空间
kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml
# 2. 创建 secret 和 configmap
kubectl apply -f postgres-secret.yaml
kubectl apply -f postgres-configmap.yaml
# 3. 创建 PVC
kubectl apply -f postgres-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml
kubectl apply -f n8n-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml
# 4. 部署 PostgreSQL
kubectl apply -f postgres-deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f postgres-service.yaml
# 5. 部署 n8n
kubectl apply -f n8n-deployment.yaml
kubectl apply -f n8n-service.yaml

文件内容​​​​​​​

复制代码 
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: n8n

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat postgres-secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  namespace: n8n
  name: postgres-secret
type: Opaque
stringData:
  POSTGRES_USER: changeUser
  POSTGRES_PASSWORD: changePassword
  POSTGRES_DB: n8n
  POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER: changeUser
  POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_PASSWORD: changePassword
复制代码
复制代码 
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat postgres-secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  namespace: n8n
  name: postgres-secret
type: Opaque
stringData:
  POSTGRES_USER: changeUser
  POSTGRES_PASSWORD: changePassword
  POSTGRES_DB: n8n
  POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER: changeUser
  POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_PASSWORD: changePassword[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# ^C
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# ^C
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat postgres-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: init-data
  namespace: n8n
data:
  init-data.sh: |
    #!/bin/bash
    set -e;
    if [ -n "${POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER:-}" ] && [ -n "${POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_PASSWORD:-}" ]; then
        psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 --username "$POSTGRES_USER" --dbname "$POSTGRES_DB" <<-EOSQL
                CREATE USER "${POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER}" WITH PASSWORD '${POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_PASSWORD}';
                GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE ${POSTGRES_DB} TO "${POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER}";
                GRANT ALL ON SCHEMA public TO "${POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER}";
        EOSQL
    else
        echo "SETUP INFO: No Environment variables given!"
    fi

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat  postgres-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: postgresql-pv
  namespace: n8n
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat n8n-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  labels:
    service: n8n-claim0
  name: n8n-claim0
  namespace: n8n
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat postgres-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    service: postgres-n8n
  name: postgres
  namespace: n8n
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      service: postgres-n8n
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        service: postgres-n8n
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: postgres:16
          name: postgres
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: "4"
              memory: 4Gi
            requests:
              cpu: "1"
              memory: 2Gi
          ports:
            - containerPort: 5432
          volumeMounts:
            - name: postgresql-pv
              mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
            - name: init-data
              mountPath: /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init-n8n-user.sh
              subPath: init-data.sh
          env:
            - name: PGDATA
              value: /var/lib/postgresql/data/pgdata
            - name: POSTGRES_USER
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: postgres-secret
                  key: POSTGRES_USER
            - name: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: postgres-secret
                  key: POSTGRES_PASSWORD
            - name: POSTGRES_DB
              value: n8n
            - name: POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: postgres-secret
                  key: POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER
            - name: POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_PASSWORD
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: postgres-secret
                  key: POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_PASSWORD
            - name:   POSTGRES_HOST
              value: postgres-service
            - name: POSTGRES_PORT
              value: '5432'
      restartPolicy: Always
      volumes:
        - name: postgresql-pv
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: postgresql-pv
        - name: postgres-secret
          secret:
            secretName: postgres-secret
        - name: init-data
          configMap:
            name: init-data
            defaultMode: 0744

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat postgres-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    service: postgres-n8n
  name: postgres-service
  namespace: n8n
spec:
  clusterIP: None
  ports:
    - name: "5432"
      port: 5432
      targetPort: 5432
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    service: postgres-n8n

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat n8n-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    service: n8n
  name: n8n
  namespace: n8n
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      service: n8n
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        service: n8n
    spec:
      initContainers:
        - name: volume-permissions
          image: busybox:1.36
          command: ["sh", "-c", "chown 1000:1000 /data"]
          volumeMounts:
            - name: n8n-claim0
              mountPath: /data
      containers:
        - command:
            - /bin/sh
          args:
            - -c
            - sleep 5; n8n start
          env:
            - name: DB_TYPE
              value: postgresdb
            - name: DB_POSTGRESDB_HOST
              value: postgres-service.n8n.svc.cluster.local
            - name: DB_POSTGRESDB_PORT
              value: "5432"
            - name: DB_POSTGRESDB_DATABASE
              value: n8n
            - name: DB_POSTGRESDB_USER
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: postgres-secret
                  key: POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_USER
            - name: DB_POSTGRESDB_PASSWORD
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: postgres-secret
                  key: POSTGRES_NON_ROOT_PASSWORD
            - name: N8N_PROTOCOL
              value: http
            - name: N8N_PORT
              value: "5678"
          image: n8nio/n8n
          name: n8n
          ports:
            - containerPort: 5678
          resources:
            requests:
              memory: "250Mi"
            limits:
              memory: "500Mi"
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /home/node/.n8n
              name: n8n-claim0
      restartPolicy: Always
      volumes:
        - name: n8n-claim0
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: n8n-claim0
        - name: n8n-secret
          secret:
            secretName: n8n-secret
        - name: postgres-secret
          secret:
            secretName: postgres-secret

[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# cat n8n-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    service: n8n
  name: n8n
  namespace: n8n
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: "5678"
      port: 5678
      targetPort: 5678
      protocol: TCP
  selector:
    service: n8n

如果容器拉不下来镜像就手动拉取一下并改名字

复制代码 
# 1. busybox（已经拉取，只需要打标签）
sudo ctr image tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/registry.k8s.io/e2e-test-images/busybox:1.36.1-1 docker.io/library/busybox:1.36
# 2. postgres
sudo ctr image pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/postgres:16
sudo ctr image tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/docker.io/postgres:16 docker.io/library/postgres:16
# 3. n8n
sudo ctr image pull swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/ghcr.io/n8n-io/n8n:latest
sudo ctr image tag swr.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/ddn-k8s/ghcr.io/n8n-io/n8n:latest docker.io/n8nio/n8n:latest
# 4. 查看已拉取的镜像
sudo ctr image list | grep -E "busybox|postgres|n8n"

二、验证部署状态

复制代码 
# 查看 PVC 状态（应该是 Bound）
kubectl get pvc -n n8n
# 查看 Pod 状态（应该是 Running）
kubectl get pods -n n8n
# 查看服务
kubectl get svc -n n8n

三、访问 n8n

部署成功后，先用端口转发临时访问

k8s的master执行

复制代码 
kubectl port-forward -n n8n svc/n8n 5678:5678

宿主机执行

复制代码 
ssh -L 5678:localhost:5678 root@192.168.158.131

这个时候就能用http://localhost:5678/setup访问了

设置好就能登陆了

本篇文章先到这里

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