背景：若依框架的 easyexcel，导出的文件，如list<model>, 假设有 5 列，其中 2 列的前后行如果数据一样，则直接合并单元格。
效果：
1.依赖引入
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>easyexcel-core</artifactId>
<version>3.3.4</version>
</dependency>2.方法句柄
package com.ruoyi.common.core.utils;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.Head;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.data.WriteCellData;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.handler.CellWriteHandler;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.holder.WriteSheetHolder;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.holder.WriteTableHolder;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellType;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.VerticalAlignment;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* EasyExcel相邻行纵向合并处理器
* 适配easyexcel-core 3.3.4
* 合并单元格【垂直居中】
*/
public class ExcelMergeHandler implements CellWriteHandler {
// 需要合并的列下标
private final int[] mergeColumnIndexes;
// 列 -> 合并起始行
private final Map<Integer, Integer> mergeStartRowMap = new HashMap<>();
// 列 -> 上一行文本
private final Map<Integer, String> lastValueMap = new HashMap<>();
// 记录所有待合并区域，结束后统一创建合并+设置居中
private final List<CellRangeAddress> mergeRegionList = new ArrayList<>();
public ExcelMergeHandler(int[] mergeColumnIndexes) {
this.mergeColumnIndexes = mergeColumnIndexes;
}
@Override
public void afterCellDispose(WriteSheetHolder writeSheetHolder, WriteTableHolder writeTableHolder,
List<WriteCellData<?>> cellDataList, Cell cell, Head head,
Integer relativeRowIndex, Boolean isHead) {
// 跳过表头
if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(isHead)) {
return;
}
int colIndex = cell.getColumnIndex();
if (!isNeedMergeColumn(colIndex)) {
return;
}
// 预先设置单元格垂直居中
CellStyle style = cell.getCellStyle();
style.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
int rowIndex = cell.getRowIndex();
Sheet sheet = writeSheetHolder.getSheet();
String currentVal = getCellText(cell);
String lastVal = lastValueMap.get(colIndex);
if (lastVal != null && lastVal.equals(currentVal)) {
// 内容相同，继续等待
} else {
// 内容不一样，把上一段区间存入列表，延迟合并
recordMergeRegion(colIndex, rowIndex - 1);
mergeStartRowMap.put(colIndex, rowIndex);
}
lastValueMap.put(colIndex, currentVal);
}
/**
* 记录一段合并区间
*/
private void recordMergeRegion(int colIndex, int endRow) {
Integer startRow = mergeStartRowMap.get(colIndex);
if (startRow != null && endRow > startRow) {
CellRangeAddress region = new CellRangeAddress(startRow, endRow, colIndex, colIndex);
mergeRegionList.add(region);
}
}
/**
* 全部写入完成后执行：创建合并区域 + 统一设置垂直居中（关键！解决合并后文字不居中）
*/
public void finishAllMerge(Sheet sheet) {
int lastRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();
// 处理每一列最后的连续数据
for (int col : mergeColumnIndexes) {
Integer startRow = mergeStartRowMap.get(col);
if (startRow != null && lastRowNum > startRow) {
mergeRegionList.add(new CellRangeAddress(startRow, lastRowNum, col, col));
}
}
// 遍历所有合并区域，执行合并 + 强制区域内单元格垂直居中
for (CellRangeAddress region : mergeRegionList) {
sheet.addMergedRegion(region);
// 刷新合并区域内所有单元格垂直居中
applyVerticalCenterToRegion(sheet, region);
}
}
/**
* 给指定合并区域内所有单元格设置垂直居中
*/
private void applyVerticalCenterToRegion(Sheet sheet, CellRangeAddress region) {
int firstRow = region.getFirstRow();
int lastRow = region.getLastRow();
int col = region.getFirstColumn();
for (int r = firstRow; r <= lastRow; r++) {
Cell cell = sheet.getRow(r).getCell(col);
if (cell != null) {
CellStyle cellStyle = cell.getCellStyle();
cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);
cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
}
}
}
/**
* 判断是否是需要合并的列
*/
private boolean isNeedMergeColumn(int columnIndex) {
for (int idx : mergeColumnIndexes) {
if (idx == columnIndex) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* 获取单元格文本用于比对
*/
private String getCellText(Cell cell) {
if (cell == null) {
return "";
}
CellType cellType = cell.getCellType();
switch (cellType) {
case STRING:
return cell.getStringCellValue().trim();
case NUMERIC:
return String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
case BOOLEAN:
return String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
case FORMULA:
return cell.getCellFormula();
default:
return "";
}
}
}3.工具类封装
package com.ruoyi.common.core.utils;
import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
import com.alibaba.excel.ExcelWriter;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.WriteSheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
public class EasyExcelMergeUtil {
/**
* 生成Excel字节数组（支持指定列相邻行合并）
* @param sheetName sheet名称
* @param data 导出数据集
* @param clazz VO类
* @param mergeColumns 需要合并的列下标数组
* @return excel byte数组
*/
public static <T> byte[] writeExcelToBytes(String sheetName,
List<T> data,
Class<T> clazz,
int[] mergeColumns) throws IOException {
try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
ExcelMergeHandler mergeHandler = new ExcelMergeHandler(mergeColumns);
try (ExcelWriter writer = EasyExcel.write(baos, clazz)
.registerWriteHandler(mergeHandler)
.build()) {
WriteSheet writeSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet(sheetName).build();
writer.write(data, writeSheet);
// 兜底合并末尾连续单元格
Workbook workbook = writer.writeContext().writeWorkbookHolder().getWorkbook();
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(sheetName);
if (sheet == null && workbook.getNumberOfSheets() > 0) {
sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
}
if (sheet != null) {
mergeHandler.finishAllMerge(sheet);
}
}
return baos.toByteArray();
}
}
}4.方法接口
public byte[] exportUsersToExcel();
// 模拟获取导出数据
public List<UserExportVO> getMockExportData();5.接口实现类
/**
* 生成Excel字节数组
*/
@Override
public byte[] exportUsersToExcel() {
// 获取模拟数据
List<UserExportVO> exportList = getMockExportData();
// ============重点============
// 需要合并 第0列(部门名称)、第1列(岗位名称)
int[] mergeColumns = new int[]{0, 1};
try {
return EasyExcelMergeUtil.writeExcelToBytes("用户列表", exportList, UserExportVO.class, mergeColumns);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new ServiceException("Excel文件生成失败：" + e.getMessage());
}
}
/**
* 内置模拟测试数据（无需查询数据库）
* 相同部门、岗位连续排布，用于测试合并效果
*/
@Override
public List<UserExportVO> getMockExportData() {
List<UserExportVO> list = new ArrayList<>();
UserExportVO u1 = new UserExportVO();
u1.setDeptName("研发部");
u1.setPostName("后端开发");
u1.setUserName("zhangsan");
u1.setPhonenumber("13800001111");
u1.setCreateTime("2026-01-10");
list.add(u1);
UserExportVO u2 = new UserExportVO();
u2.setDeptName("研发部");
u2.setPostName("后端开发");
u2.setUserName("lisi");
u2.setPhonenumber("13800002222");
u2.setCreateTime("2026-01-12");
list.add(u2);
UserExportVO u3 = new UserExportVO();
u3.setDeptName("研发部");
u3.setPostName("前端开发");
u3.setUserName("wangwu");
u3.setPhonenumber("13800003333");
u3.setCreateTime("2026-02-05");
list.add(u3);
UserExportVO u4 = new UserExportVO();
u4.setDeptName("市场部");
u4.setPostName("销售");
u4.setUserName("zhaoliu");
u4.setPhonenumber("13800004444");
u4.setCreateTime("2026-02-18");
list.add(u4);
UserExportVO u5 = new UserExportVO();
u5.setDeptName("市场部");
u5.setPostName("销售");
u5.setUserName("qianqi");
u5.setPhonenumber("13800005555");
u5.setCreateTime("2026-03-01");
list.add(u5);
UserExportVO u6 = new UserExportVO();
u6.setDeptName("市场部");
u6.setPostName("运营");
u6.setUserName("sunba");
u6.setPhonenumber("13800006666");
u6.setCreateTime("2026-03-15");
list.add(u6);
return list;
}6.控制器
/**
* 导出用户Excel
*/
@GetMapping("/export/excel")
public void exportUserExcel(HttpServletResponse response) {
try {
// 获取Excel字节数组
byte[] excelBytes = userService.exportUsersToExcel();
// 设置响应头
response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("用户数据列表", "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename*=UTF-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");
// 写入响应流
response.getOutputStream().write(excelBytes);
response.getOutputStream().flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
// 异常处理
try {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("导出失败：" + e.getMessage());
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new ServiceException("导出失败！");
}
}
}7.调用链接