Python Django 7 小时课程

在油管上找到一个Python Django课程，视频地址为：Python Django 7 Hour Course

配套Github仓库源代码地址为：https://github.com/Traversy-Media/StudyBud

StudyBud

StudyBud is a Django-based web application where users can create and join study rooms on various topics, engage in discussions, and collaborate with other learners.

This project was built as part of a comprehensive 7-hour video tutorial: Watch the full tutorial here

Setup Instructions

1. Clone the repository

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git clone https://github.com/divanov11/StudyBud.git
cd StudyBud

2. Create and activate a virtual environment

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# Install virtualenv if you haven't already
pip install virtualenv

# Create a virtual environment
virtualenv venv

# Activate the virtual environment
# On Windows:
venv\Scripts\activate
# On macOS/Linux:
source venv/bin/activate

3. Install dependencies

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pip install -r requirements.txt

这一步会读取项目根目录下的 requirements.txt 文件，并自动安装其中列出的所有 Python 依赖包。pip 会按照文件中的版本约束逐一解析并安装，通常需要几十秒到几分钟不等，具体取决于你的网络速度和依赖包的数量。

安装完成后，你可以通过以下命令验证所有依赖是否都已正确安装：

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pip list

该命令会列出当前虚拟环境中已安装的所有包及其版本号，你可以对照 requirements.txt 中的内容逐一核对。

提示：如果你使用的是较新的 Python 版本（如 3.13+），可能会遇到部分依赖版本过旧导致的安装报错，此时需要参考下文「适配新版 Python」一节，对 requirements.txt 中的版本号进行升级调整。

4. Run the development server

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python manage.py runserver

The application will be available at http://127.0.0.1:8000/

由于目前的Python版本比较新的，比如我的Mac Mini4下使用的Python版本是：Python 3.13.3，上述依赖版本太低，之前的依赖文件requirements.txt如下：

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asgiref==3.4.1
autopep8==1.5.7
Django==3.2.7
django-cors-headers==3.8.0
djangorestframework==3.12.4
Pillow==8.3.2
pycodestyle==2.7.0
pytz==2021.1
sqlparse==0.4.2
toml==0.10.2

使用Python 3.13.3 安装上述依赖会报错，报错如下：

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.venv) 192:StudyBud john$ pip install virtualenv
Collecting virtualenv
  Downloading virtualenv-21.14.7-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.1 kB)
Collecting distlib<1,>=0.4.3 (from virtualenv)
  Downloading distlib-0.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.3 kB)
Collecting filelock<5,>=3.24.2 (from virtualenv)
  Downloading filelock-4.2.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.0 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=26.3 in /Users/john/WorkSpace/PythonProjects/.venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages (from virtualenv) (26.3)
Collecting platformdirs<5,>=4.4 (from virtualenv)
  Downloading platformdirs-4.13.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.5 kB)
Collecting python-discovery>=1.6.1 (from virtualenv)
  Downloading python_discovery-1.6.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (5.1 kB)
Downloading virtualenv-21.14.7-py3-none-any.whl (5.5 MB)
   ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 5.5/5.5 MB 4.6 MB/s  0:00:01
Downloading distlib-0.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (470 kB)
Downloading filelock-4.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (135 kB)
Downloading platformdirs-4.13.0-py3-none-any.whl (32 kB)
Downloading python_discovery-1.6.2-py3-none-any.whl (38 kB)
Installing collected packages: distlib, platformdirs, filelock, python-discovery, virtualenv
Successfully installed distlib-0.4.3 filelock-4.2.0 platformdirs-4.13.0 python-discovery-1.6.2 virtualenv-21.14.7
(.venv) 192:StudyBud john$ virtualenv venv
created virtual environment CPython3.13.3.final.0-64-arm64 in 309ms
  creator CPython3macOsBrew(dest=/Users/john/WorkSpace/PythonProjects/StudyBud/venv, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, venv_redirect=None, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/Users/john/Library/Caches/virtualenv)
    added seed packages: pip==26.2.1
  activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator
(.venv) 192:StudyBud john$ source venv/bin/activate
(venv) 192:StudyBud john$ pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting asgiref==3.4.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
  Downloading asgiref-3.4.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (9.2 kB)
Collecting autopep8==1.5.7 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
  Downloading autopep8-1.5.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (16 kB)
Collecting Django==3.2.7 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
  Downloading Django-3.2.7-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.9 kB)
Collecting django-cors-headers==3.8.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 4))
  Downloading django_cors_headers-3.8.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (15 kB)
Collecting djangorestframework==3.12.4 (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
  Downloading djangorestframework-3.12.4-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (9.9 kB)
Collecting Pillow==8.3.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 6))
  Downloading Pillow-8.3.2.tar.gz (48.8 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 48.8/48.8 MB 6.4 MB/s  0:00:08
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [24 lines of output]
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "/Users/john/WorkSpace/PythonProjects/StudyBud/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 389, in <module>
          main()
          ~~~~^^
        File "/Users/john/WorkSpace/PythonProjects/StudyBud/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 373, in main
          json_out["return_val"] = hook(**hook_input["kwargs"])
                                   ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/Users/john/WorkSpace/PythonProjects/StudyBud/venv/lib/python3.13/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 143, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
        File "/private/var/folders/tj/tz3pyb1j3535l6_48_zqg3v40000gn/T/pip-build-env-bqbewnkr/overlay/lib/python3.13/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 333, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=[])
                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/private/var/folders/tj/tz3pyb1j3535l6_48_zqg3v40000gn/T/pip-build-env-bqbewnkr/overlay/lib/python3.13/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 301, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
        File "/private/var/folders/tj/tz3pyb1j3535l6_48_zqg3v40000gn/T/pip-build-env-bqbewnkr/overlay/lib/python3.13/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 520, in run_setup
          super().run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "/private/var/folders/tj/tz3pyb1j3535l6_48_zqg3v40000gn/T/pip-build-env-bqbewnkr/overlay/lib/python3.13/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 317, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())  # noqa: S102 # exec is intentional here
          ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "<string>", line 30, in <module>
        File "<string>", line 26, in get_version
      KeyError: '__version__'
      [end of output]
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
ERROR: Failed to build 'Pillow' when getting requirements to build wheel

使用OpenCode分析错误，AI建议我改成如下的requirements.txt：

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Django~=5.2
djangorestframework~=3.16
django-cors-headers~=4.8
Pillow~=11.0
autopep8~=2.3
pycodestyle~=2.14

修改之后再执行

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pip install -r requirements.txt

就能正常安装项目依赖

然后再执行

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python manage.py runserver

就可以顺利运行项目了。