python用scrapy框架爬取双色球数据

1、今天刷到朋友圈，看到一个数据，决定自己也要来跟随下潮流（靠天吃饭）

去百度了下，决定要爬的网站是https://caipiao.ip138.com/shuangseqiu/

分析：根据图片设计数据库便于爬取保存数据，时间，6个红球，一个蓝球字段

sql 复制代码

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `shuangseqiu`;
CREATE TABLE `shuangseqiu`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
  `openDate` date NOT NULL COMMENT '日期',
  `red1` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL COMMENT '红球1',
  `red2` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL COMMENT '红球2',
  `red3` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL COMMENT '红球3',
  `red4` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL COMMENT '红球4',
  `red5` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL COMMENT '红球5',
  `red6` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL COMMENT '红球6',
  `blue` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_bin NOT NULL COMMENT '蓝球',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 342 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_bin ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

2、安装python，去官网下载一个windows版本的，一直下一步就行了

3、安装完后打开cmd，输入pip install scrapy安装scrapy框架

4、框架安装完后，输入 scrapy startproject caipiao新增彩票项目

5、进入到spider目录，输入 scrapy genspider shuangseqiu "https://caipiao.ip138.com/shuangseqiu/"新增双色球爬虫，最终生成项目结构如下

6、在items.py里面定义爬取存储的字段

python 复制代码

import scrapy


class ShuangseqiuItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    openDate = scrapy.Field()
    red1 = scrapy.Field()
    red2 = scrapy.Field()
    red3 = scrapy.Field()
    red4 = scrapy.Field()
    red5 = scrapy.Field()
    red6 = scrapy.Field()
    blue = scrapy.Field()

7、在pipelines.py里面写好保存数据库的逻辑，并在settings.py文件新增配置，数据库连接配置在settings.py文件里面新增下面配置就行

settings.py配置如下

python 复制代码

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   "caipiao.pipelines.ShuangseqiuscrapyPipeline": 300,
}

MYSQL_HOST = '192.168.XXX.XXX'
MYSQL_DBNAME = '数据库名'
MYSQL_USER = '用户'
MYSQL_PASSWD = '密码'

pipelines.py文件内容如下

python 复制代码

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
import pymysql
from caipiao import settings

class ShuangseqiuscrapyPipeline:
    def __init__(self):
        # 连接数据库
        self.connect = pymysql.connect(
            host=settings.MYSQL_HOST,
            db=settings.MYSQL_DBNAME,
            user=settings.MYSQL_USER,
            passwd=settings.MYSQL_PASSWD,
            charset='utf8',
            use_unicode=True)

        # 通过cursor执行增删查改
        self.cursor = self.connect.cursor();

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        try:
            # 先删除数据
            self.cursor.execute(
                """delete from shuangseqiu where openDate=%s""",
                (item['openDate']
                 ))
            # 插入数据
            self.cursor.execute(
                """insert into shuangseqiu(openDate,red1,red2,red3,red4,red5,red6,blue)
                value (%s,%s, %s, %s,%s, %s,%s, %s)""",
                (item['openDate'],
                 item['red1'],
                 item['red2'],
                 item['red3'],
                 item['red4'],
                 item['red5'],
                 item['red6'],
                 item['blue']
                 ))

            # 提交sql语句
            self.connect.commit()

        except Exception as error:
            # 出现错误时打印错误日志
            print(error)
        return item

8、在spiders/shuangseqiu.py下面写爬取逻辑，不知道怎么获取xpath结构的可以在网站右击节点获取copy---->copy full xpath

python 复制代码

import scrapy

from caipiao.items import ShuangseqiuItem


class ShuangseqiuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "shuangseqiu"
    allowed_domains = ["caipiao.ip138.com"]
    start_urls = ["https://caipiao.ip138.com/shuangseqiu/"]

    def parse(self, response):
        print(response.text)
        #获取历史开奖列表
        shuangseqiuList = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[3]/div[2]/div[1]/table/tbody/tr')
        for li in shuangseqiuList:
            item = ShuangseqiuItem()
            #获取开奖时间
            item["openDate"] = li.xpath('td[1]/span/text()')[0].extract()
            #获取中奖号码
            balls=li.xpath('td[3]/span/text()');
            item["red1"] = balls[0].extract()
            item["red2"] = balls[1].extract()
            item["red3"] = balls[2].extract()
            item["red4"] = balls[3].extract()
            item["red5"] = balls[4].extract()
            item["red6"] = balls[5].extract()
            item["blue"] = balls[6].extract()

            print(item)
            yield item

9、新增run.py文件，用来在idea里面跑cmd脚本用来爬数据

python 复制代码

from scrapy import cmdline


name = 'shuangseqiu'
cmd = 'scrapy crawl {0}'.format(name)
cmdline.execute(cmd.split())

10、执行run.py，发现报错

11、百度了一下，通过修改settings.py如下配置，在执行run.py，发现成功了

python 复制代码

USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

12.数据库查询表，发现数据成功获取

13、拿数据去分析，离中大奖不远了~~~~，下面是几个简单的数据分析sql

sql 复制代码

--  统计每个位置的球出现最多次数的号码
 SELECT red1,count(red1) FROM `shuangseqiu` group by red1 order by count(red1) desc;
 
 SELECT red2,count(red2) FROM `shuangseqiu` group by red2 order by count(red2) desc;
	
 SELECT red3,count(red3) FROM `shuangseqiu` group by red3 order by count(red3) desc;
	 
 SELECT red4,count(red4) FROM `shuangseqiu` group by red4 order by count(red4) desc;
		
 SELECT red5,count(red5) FROM `shuangseqiu` group by red5 order by count(red5) desc;
		 
 SELECT red6,count(red6) FROM `shuangseqiu` group by red6 order by count(red6) desc;
			
 SELECT blue,count(blue) FROM `shuangseqiu` group by blue order by count(blue) desc;


 -- 统计每周几出现次数最多次的号码   0-6为周日到周六
 SELECT DATE_FORMAT(openDate, '%w'),red1,count(red1) FROM `shuangseqiu` group by red1,DATE_FORMAT(openDate, '%w') order by DATE_FORMAT(openDate, '%w') asc,count(red1) desc;

14 、完事了~~~~~~