K8s入门
目录
namespace
shell
kubectl get ns # 获取命名空间
kubectl create ns 名字 # 创建命名空间
kubectl delete ns 名字 # 删除命名空间
配置文件格式创建namespace
hello.yaml
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: hello
shell
kubectl apply -f hello.yaml # 应用配置文件
kebectl delete -f hello.yaml # 删除配置文件和对应的命名空间
pod
shell
kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx
# 查看default名称空间的Pod
kubectl get pod
kubectl get pod -owide # 详情
# 描述
kubectl describe pod 你自己的Pod名字
# 删除
kubectl delete pod Pod名字
# 查看Pod的运行日志
kubectl logs Pod名字
# 每个Pod - k8s都会分配一个ip
kubectl get pod -owide
# 使用Pod的ip+pod里面运行容器的端口
curl 192.168.169.136
# 集群中的任意一个机器以及任意的应用都能通过Pod分配的ip来访问这个Pod
yaml形式创建pod
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
run: mynginx
name: mynginx
# namespace: default
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: mynginx
多容器
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
run: myapp
name: myapp
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
- image: tomcat:8.5.68
name: tomcat
deployment
多版本
shell
# 清除所有Pod,比较下面两个命令有何不同效果?
kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx
kubectl create deployment mytomcat --image=tomcat:8.5.68
# 自愈能力
#多个副本
kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=nginx --replicas=3
配置文件
yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: my-dep
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
扩缩容
shell
kubectl scale --replicas=5 deployment/my-dep
# 修改配置文件
kubectl edit deployment my-dep
#修改 replicas
治愈能力
pod会自动重启,若机器宕机会在其他机器中启动该pod
- 停机
- 删除Pod
- 容器崩溃
- ...
滚动更新
shell
kubectl set image deployment/my-dep nginx=nginx:1.16.1 --record
kubectl rollout status deployment/my-dep
版本回退
shell
#历史记录
kubectl rollout history deployment/my-dep
#查看某个历史详情
kubectl rollout history deployment/my-dep --revision=2
#回滚(回到上次)
kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-dep
#回滚(回到指定版本)
kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-dep --to-revision=2
service
shell
#暴露Deploy
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80
#使用标签检索Pod
kubectl get pod -l app=my-dep
配置文件
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
spec:
selector:
app: my-dep
ports:
- port: 8000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
访问:ip + 端口 / 名称.域名空间.svc +端口
ClusterIP
shell
# 等同于没有--type的
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80 --type=ClusterIP
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: my-dep
type: ClusterIP
NodePort
shell
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: my-dep
name: my-dep
spec:
ports:
- port: 8000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: my-dep
type: NodePort
NodePort范围在 30000-32767 之间
ingress
安装:
shell
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.47.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml
#修改镜像
vi deploy.yaml
#将image的值改为如下值:
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.46.0
# 检查安装的结果
kubectl get pod,svc -n ingress-nginx
# 最后别忘记把svc暴露的端口要放行
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
automountServiceAccountToken: true
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
name: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- configmaps
- endpoints
- nodes
- pods
- secrets
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- services
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io # k8s 1.14+
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- events
verbs:
- create
- patch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io # k8s 1.14+
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io # k8s 1.14+
resources:
- ingressclasses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
name: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- namespaces
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- configmaps
- pods
- secrets
- endpoints
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- services
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io # k8s 1.14+
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io # k8s 1.14+
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io # k8s 1.14+
resources:
- ingressclasses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- configmaps
resourceNames:
- ingress-controller-leader-nginx
verbs:
- get
- update
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- create
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- events
verbs:
- create
- patch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service-webhook.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- name: https-webhook
port: 443
targetPort: webhook
selector:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
protocol: TCP
targetPort: http
- name: https
port: 443
protocol: TCP
targetPort: https
selector:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
name: ingress-nginx-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
minReadySeconds: 0
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
spec:
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
containers:
- name: controller
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.46.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
lifecycle:
preStop:
exec:
command:
- /wait-shutdown
args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- --election-id=ingress-controller-leader
- --ingress-class=nginx
- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
- --validating-webhook=:8443
- --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
- --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
securityContext:
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
runAsUser: 101
allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
- name: LD_PRELOAD
value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 5
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 1
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
protocol: TCP
- name: https
containerPort: 443
protocol: TCP
- name: webhook
containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- name: webhook-cert
mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
readOnly: true
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 90Mi
nodeSelector:
kubernetes.io/os: linux
serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
volumes:
- name: webhook-cert
secret:
secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/validating-webhook.yaml
# before changing this value, check the required kubernetes version
# https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#prerequisites
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
name: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:
- name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
matchPolicy: Equivalent
rules:
- apiGroups:
- networking.k8s.io
apiVersions:
- v1beta1
operations:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
resources:
- ingresses
failurePolicy: Fail
sideEffects: None
admissionReviewVersions:
- v1
- v1beta1
clientConfig:
service:
namespace: ingress-nginx
name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
path: /networking/v1beta1/ingresses
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission
annotations:
helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission
annotations:
helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
rules:
- apiGroups:
- admissionregistration.k8s.io
resources:
- validatingwebhookconfigurations
verbs:
- get
- update
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission
annotations:
helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-nginx-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission
annotations:
helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ''
resources:
- secrets
verbs:
- get
- create
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission
annotations:
helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: ingress-nginx-admission
namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-createSecret.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
annotations:
helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade
helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
template:
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
spec:
containers:
- name: create
image: docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- create
- --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc
- --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
- --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
env:
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
restartPolicy: OnFailure
serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
securityContext:
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 2000
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-patchWebhook.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
annotations:
helm.sh/hook: post-install,post-upgrade
helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
template:
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
labels:
helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0
app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
spec:
containers:
- name: patch
image: docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
args:
- patch
- --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
- --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
- --patch-mutating=false
- --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
- --patch-failure-policy=Fail
env:
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
restartPolicy: OnFailure
serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
securityContext:
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 2000
应用如下yaml,准备好测试环境
yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: hello-server
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: hello-server
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: hello-server
spec:
containers:
- name: hello-server
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/hello-server
ports:
- containerPort: 9000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-demo
name: nginx-demo
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-demo
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-demo
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-demo
name: nginx-demo
spec:
selector:
app: nginx-demo
ports:
- port: 8000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
app: hello-server
name: hello-server
spec:
selector:
app: hello-server
ports:
- port: 8000
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 9000
域名访问
yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-host-bar
spec:
ingressClassName: nginx
rules:
- host: "hello.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: "/"
backend:
service:
name: hello-server
port:
number: 8000
- host: "demo.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: "/nginx" # 把请求会转给下面的服务,下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径,不能处理就是404
backend:
service:
name: nginx-demo ## java,比如使用路径重写,去掉前缀nginx
port:
number: 8000
路径重写
yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
name: ingress-host-bar
spec:
ingressClassName: nginx
rules:
- host: "hello.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: "/"
backend:
service:
name: hello-server
port:
number: 8000
- host: "demo.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Prefix
path: "/nginx(/|$)(.*)" # 把请求会转给下面的服务,下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径,不能处理就是404
backend:
service:
name: nginx-demo ## java,比如使用路径重写,去掉前缀nginx
port:
number: 8000
流量限制
yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-limit-rate
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: "1"
spec:
ingressClassName: nginx
rules:
- host: "haha.atguigu.com"
http:
paths:
- pathType: Exact
path: "/"
backend:
service:
name: nginx-demo
port:
number: 8000
存储抽象
shell
#所有机器安装
yum install -y nfs-utils
主节点:
shell
#nfs主节点
echo "/nfs/data/ *(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash)" > /etc/exports
mkdir -p /nfs/data
systemctl enable rpcbind --now
systemctl enable nfs-server --now
#配置生效
exportfs -r
从节点:
shell
showmount -e 172.31.0.4
#执行以下命令挂载 nfs 服务器上的共享目录到本机路径 /root/nfsmount
mkdir -p /nfs/data
mount -t nfs 172.31.0.4:/nfs/data /nfs/data
# 写入一个测试文件
echo "hello nfs server" > /nfs/data/test.txt
原生方式数据挂载
yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-pv-demo
name: nginx-pv-demo
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-pv-demo
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-pv-demo
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
volumeMounts:
- name: html
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumes:
- name: html
nfs:
server: 172.31.0.4
path: /nfs/data/nginx-pv
PV&PVC
PV:持久卷(Persistent Volume),将应用需要持久化的数据保存到指定位置
PVC:持久卷申明(Persistent Volume Claim),申明需要使用的持久卷规格
创建pv池
shell
#nfs主节点
mkdir -p /nfs/data/01
mkdir -p /nfs/data/02
mkdir -p /nfs/data/03
创建PV
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv01-10m
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10M
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
storageClassName: nfs
nfs:
path: /nfs/data/01
server: 172.31.0.4
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv02-1gi
spec:
capacity:
storage: 1Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
storageClassName: nfs
nfs:
path: /nfs/data/02
server: 172.31.0.4
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: pv03-3gi
spec:
capacity:
storage: 3Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
storageClassName: nfs
nfs:
path: /nfs/data/03
server: 172.31.0.4
PVC创建与绑定
创建PVC
yaml
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: nginx-pvc
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: 200Mi
storageClassName: nfs
创建Pod绑定PVC
yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-deploy-pvc
name: nginx-deploy-pvc
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx-deploy-pvc
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx-deploy-pvc
spec:
containers:
- image: nginx
name: nginx
volumeMounts:
- name: html
mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
volumes:
- name: html
persistentVolumeClaim:
claimName: nginx-pvc
ConfigMap
抽取应用配置,并且可以自动更新
redis示例
shell
# 创建配置,redis保存到k8s的etcd;
kubectl create cm redis-conf --from-file=redis.conf
yaml
apiVersion: v1
data: #data是所有真正的数据,key:默认是文件名 value:配置文件的内容
redis.conf: |
appendonly yes
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: redis-conf
namespace: default
创建Pod
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: redis
spec:
containers:
- name: redis
image: redis
command:
- redis-server
- "/redis-master/redis.conf" #指的是redis容器内部的位置
ports:
- containerPort: 6379
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /data
name: data
- mountPath: /redis-master
name: config
volumes:
- name: data
emptyDir: {}
- name: config
configMap:
name: redis-conf
items:
- key: redis.conf
path: redis.conf
检查默认配置
shell
kubectl exec -it redis -- redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET appendonly
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET requirepass
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: example-redis-config
data:
redis-config: |
maxmemory 2mb
maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
检查配置是否更新
shell
kubectl exec -it redis -- redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET maxmemory
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET maxmemory-policy
检查指定文件内容是否已经更新
修改了CM。Pod里面的配置文件会跟着变
*配置值未更改,因为需要重新启动 Pod 才能从关联的 ConfigMap 中获取更新的值。*
*原因:我们的Pod部署的中间件自己本身没有热更新能力*
Secret
Secret 对象类型用来保存敏感信息,例如密码、OAuth 令牌和 SSH 密钥。 将这些信息放在 secret 中比放在 Pod 的定义或者 容器镜像 中来说更加安全和灵活。
shell
kubectl create secret docker-registry leifengyang-docker \
--docker-username=leifengyang \
--docker-password=Lfy123456 \
--docker-email=534096094@qq.com
##命令格式
kubectl create secret docker-registry regcred \
--docker-server=<你的镜像仓库服务器> \
--docker-username=<你的用户名> \
--docker-password=<你的密码> \
--docker-email=<你的邮箱地址>
yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: private-nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: private-nginx
image: leifengyang/guignginx:v1.0
imagePullSecrets:
- name: leifengyang-docker