Rust vs Go:常用语法对比(十)

题图来自 Rust vs. Golang: Which One is Better?^[1]

182. Quine program

Output the source of the program.

输出程序的源代码

复制代码

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
 fmt.Printf("%s%c%s%c\n", s, 0x60, s, 0x60)
}

var s = `package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
 fmt.Printf("%s%c%s%c\n", s, 0x60, s, 0x60)
}

var s = `

输出：

复制代码

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
 fmt.Printf("%s%c%s%c\n", s, 0x60, s, 0x60)
}

var s = `package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
 fmt.Printf("%s%c%s%c\n", s, 0x60, s, 0x60)
}

var s = `

另一种写法：

//go:embed 入门^[2]

Quine 是一种可以输出自身源码的程序。利用 go:embed 我们可以轻松实现 quine 程序：

复制代码

package main

import (
    _ "embed"
    "fmt"
)

//go:embed quine.go
var src string

func main() {
    fmt.Print(src)
}

复制代码

fn main() {
    let x = "fn main() {\n    let x = ";
    let y = "print!(\"{}{:?};\n    let y = {:?};\n    {}\", x, x, y, y)\n}\n";
    print!("{}{:?};
    let y = {:?};
    {}", x, x, y, y)
}

输出：

复制代码

fn main() {
    let x = "fn main() {\n    let x = ";
    let y = "print!(\"{}{:?};\n    let y = {:?};\n    {}\", x, x, y, y)\n}\n";
    print!("{}{:?};
    let y = {:?};
    {}", x, x, y, y)
}

复制代码

fn main(){print!("{},{0:?})}}","fn main(){print!(\"{},{0:?})}}\"")}

输出：

fn main(){print!("{},{0:?})}}","fn main(){print!(\"{},{0:?})}}\"")}

184. Tomorrow

Assign to variable t a string representing the day, month and year of the day after the current date.

明天的日期

复制代码

import "time"
t := time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour).Format("2006-01-02")

复制代码

fn main() {
    let t = chrono::Utc::now().date().succ().to_string();
    println!("{}", t);
}

2021-07-18UTC

185. Execute function in 30 seconds

Schedule the execution of f(42) in 30 seconds.

30秒内执行功能

复制代码

import "time"
timer := time.AfterFunc(
 30*time.Second,
 func() {
  f(42)
 })

复制代码

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "time"
)

func main() {
 fmt.Println("Scheduling f(42)")

 go func() {
  time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
  f(42)
 }()

 // Poor man's waiting of completion of f.
 // Don't do this in prod, use proper synchronization instead.
 time.Sleep(4 * time.Second)
}

func f(i int) {
 fmt.Println("Received", i)
}

Scheduling f(42)

复制代码

use std::time::Duration;
use std::thread::sleep;
sleep(Duration::new(30, 0));
f(42);

186. Exit program cleanly

Exit a program cleanly indicating no error to OS

干净地退出程序

复制代码

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "os"
)

func main() {
 fmt.Println("A")
 os.Exit(0)
 fmt.Println("B")
}

A

复制代码

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "os"
)

func main() {
 process1()
 process2()
 process3()
}

func process1() {
 fmt.Println("process 1")
}

func process2() {
 fmt.Println("process 2")
 defer fmt.Println("A")
 defer os.Exit(0)
 defer fmt.Println("B")
 fmt.Println("C")
}

func process3() {
 fmt.Println("process 3")
}

process 1
process 2
C
B

复制代码

use std::process::exit;

fn main() {
    println!("A");
    exit(0);
    println!("B");
}

A

189. Filter and transform list

Produce a new list y containing the result of function T applied to all elements e of list x that match the predicate P.

过滤和转换列表

复制代码

package main

import (
 "fmt"
)

func P(e int) bool {
 // Predicate "is even"
 return e%2 == 0
}

type Result = int

func T(e int) Result {
 // Transformation "square"
 return e * e
}

func main() {
 x := []int{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}

 var y []Result
 for _, e := range x {
  if P(e) {
   y = append(y, T(e))
  }
 }

 fmt.Println(y)
}

[16 36 64 100]

复制代码

let y = x.iter()
 .filter(P)
        .map(T)
 .collect::<Vec<_>>();

190. Call an external C function

Declare an external C function with the prototype

void foo(double *a, int n);

and call it, passing an array (or a list) of size 10 to a and 10 to n.

Use only standard features of your language.

调用外部C函数

复制代码

// void foo(double *a, int n);
// double a[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
import "C"

C.foo(C.a, 10)

复制代码

extern "C" {
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// `a` must point to an array of at least size 10
    fn foo(a: *mut libc::c_double, n: libc::c_int);
}

let mut a = [0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0];
let n = 10;
unsafe {
    foo(a.as_mut_ptr(), n);
}

191. Check if any value in a list is larger than a limit

Given a one-dimensional array a, check if any value is larger than x, and execute the procedure f if that is the case

检查列表中是否有任何值大于限制

复制代码

package main

import (
 "fmt"
)

func f() {
 fmt.Println("Larger found")
}

func main() {
 a := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 x := 4
 for _, v := range a {
  if v > x {
   f()
   break
  }
 }
}

Larger found

复制代码

fn main() {
    let a = [5, 6, 8, -20, 9, 42];

    let x = 35;
    if a.iter().any(|&elem| elem > x) {
        f()
    }

    let x = 50;
    if a.iter().any(|&elem| elem > x) {
        g()
    }
}

fn f() {
    println!("F")
}

fn g() {
    println!("G")
}

F

192. Declare a real variable with at least 20 digits

Declare a real variable a with at least 20 digits; if the type does not exist, issue an error at compile time.

声明一个至少有20位数字的实变量

复制代码

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "math/big"
)

func main() {
 a, _, err := big.ParseFloat("123456789.123456789123465789", 10, 200, big.ToZero)
 if err != nil {
  panic(err)
 }

 fmt.Println(a)
}

1.234567891234567891234657889999999999999999999999999999999999e+08

复制代码

use rust_decimal::Decimal;
use std::str::FromStr;
let a = Decimal::from_str("1234567890.123456789012345").unwrap();

197. Get a list of lines from a file

Retrieve the contents of file at path into a list of strings lines, in which each element is a line of the file.

从文件中获取行列表.将文件路径中的内容检索到字符串行列表中，其中每个元素都是文件的一行。

复制代码

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "io/ioutil"
 "log"
 "strings"
)

func readLines(path string) ([]string, error) {
 b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(path)
 if err != nil {
  return nil, err
 }
 lines := strings.Split(string(b), "\n")
 return lines, nil
}

func main() {
 lines, err := readLines("/tmp/file1")
 if err != nil {
  log.Fatalln(err)
 }

 for i, line := range lines {
  fmt.Printf("line %d: %s\n", i, line)
 }
}

func init() {
 data := []byte(`foo
bar
baz`)
 err := ioutil.WriteFile("/tmp/file1", data, 0644)
 if err != nil {
  log.Fatalln(err)
 }
}

line 0: foo
line 1: bar
line 2: baz

复制代码

use std::fs::File;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::io::BufReader;

fn main() {
    let path = "/etc/hosts";

    let lines = BufReader::new(File::open(path).unwrap())
        .lines()
        .collect::<Vec<_>>();

    println!("{:?}", lines);
}

[Ok("127.0.0.1\tlocalhost"), Ok("::1\tlocalhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback"), Ok("fe00::0\tip6-localnet"), Ok("ff00::0\tip6-mcastprefix"), Ok("ff02::1\tip6-allnodes"), Ok("ff02::2\tip6-allrouters")]

198. Abort program execution with error condition

Abort program execution with error condition x (where x is an integer value)

出现错误情况时中止程序执行

复制代码

package main

import (
 "os"
)

func main() {
 x := 1
 os.Exit(x)
}

Program exited: status 1.

复制代码

use std::process;
process::exit(x);

200. Return hypotenuse

Returns the hypotenuse h of the triangle where the sides adjacent to the square angle have lengths x and y.

返回三角形的斜边h，其中与直角相邻的边的长度为x和y。

复制代码

package main

import (
 "fmt"
 "math"
)

func main() {
 x := 1.0
 y := 1.0

 h := math.Hypot(x, y)
 fmt.Println(h)
}

1.4142135623730951

复制代码

fn main() {
    let (x, y) = (1.0, 1.0);
    let h = hypot(x, y);
    println!("{}", h);
}

fn hypot(x: f64, y: f64) -> f64 {
    let num = x.powi(2) + y.powi(2);
    num.powf(0.5)
}

1.4142135623730951

参考资料

1

Rust vs. Golang: Which One is Better?: https://www.emizentech.com/blog/rust-vs-golang.html

2

//go:embed 入门: https://taoshu.in/go/how-to-use-go-embed.html

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