Rust- async/await

async and await are key language features in Rust for writing asynchronous code. They were stabilized in the Rust 1.39.0 release.

Asynchronous programming is a way of writing programs that are able to do multiple things at the same time. It's particularly useful in situations where you need to handle many tasks at once, or when you have IO-bound tasks (like network requests) that often spend a lot of time waiting.

Here's how async and await work in Rust:

  • async : The async keyword in Rust is used to define an asynchronous function that returns a future. A future is a value that represents some computation that will complete in the future.

    Here is a simple async function:

    rust 复制代码
    async fn hello() {
        println!("Hello, async world!");
    }

    This hello function, when called, will produce a future. To actually execute the code inside the function, the future needs to be run on an executor.

  • await : The await keyword is used within async functions to wait for the result of a future. Unlike blocking in a traditional function, awaiting inside an async function allows other tasks to run.

    Here is an example of using await:

    rust 复制代码
    async fn hello() -> String {
        "Hello, async world!".to_string()
    }
    
    #[tokio::main] // or #[async_std::main] if you're using async-std
    async fn main() {
        let message = hello().await;
        println!("{}", message);
    }

    In this example, hello().await causes the main function to wait for the hello function to finish, and then binds its result to the message variable.

Rust's async system works on a zero-cost abstraction principle, which means there should be no additional overhead for using these features.

Note that Rust's standard library does not provide an async runtime. You'll need to use a crate like tokio or async-std to provide an executor and other tools for working with async functions and futures. These are powerful libraries that provide async versions of many standard Rust features, along with additional tools for building async applications.

rust 复制代码
use async_std::task::{sleep, spawn, block_on};
use std::{future::Future, time::Duration};

#[async_std::main]
async fn main() {
    // do3();
    // do4();

    // let do3_span = spawn(do3);
    // let do4_span = spawn(do4);

    // do3_span.join().unwrap();
    // do4_span.join().unwrap();

    // let do3_async = spawn(do3());
    // do4().await;
    // do3_async.await;

    let result = block_on(rust_study());
    println!("{}", result);     // Rust 学习目标:Programming
}

async fn lesson() -> String {
    String::from("Rust")
}

fn study1() -> impl Future<Output = String> {
    async {
        let x = lesson().await;
        x + " 学习目标:"
    }
}

fn rust_study() -> impl Future<Output = String> {
    let r = |x: String| async move {
        let y: String = study1().await;
        y + &*x
    };
    r(String::from("Programming"))
}

async fn do3() {
    for i in 1..=5 {
        println!("do3 {}", i);
        sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
    }
}

async fn do4() {
    for i in 1..=5 {
        println!("do4 {}", i);
        sleep(Duration::from_millis(1000)).await;
    }
}

// fn do3() {
//     for i in 1..=5 {
//         println!("do3 {}", i);
//         sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
//     }
// }

// fn do4() {
//     for i in 1..=5 {
//         println!("do4 {}", i);
//         sleep(Duration::from_millis(1000));
//     }
// }
相关推荐
alwaysrun几秒前
Rust中字符串与格式化
rust·display·格式化·string·str·精度
魔镜前的帅比1 分钟前
(开源项目)XSUN_DESKTOP_PET 2 (桌面宠物)
rust·宠物·tauri2
0110_10243 分钟前
tauri + rust的环境搭建---初始化以及构建
开发语言·后端·rust
像风一样自由20207 分钟前
Rust Tokio vs Go net/http:云原生与嵌入式生态选型指南
开发语言·golang·rust
大鱼七成饱20 小时前
Rust Web 初学者必看:用一个宏搞定错误处理和统一返回
rust
Vallelonga21 小时前
Rust 设计模式 Marker Trait + Blanket Implementation
开发语言·设计模式·rust
ftpeak1 天前
《Cargo 参考手册》第二十一章:Cargo 包命令
开发语言·rust
Source.Liu1 天前
【BuildFlow & 筑流】品牌命名与项目定位说明
c++·qt·rust·markdown·librecad
ftpeak1 天前
《Cargo 参考手册》第二十二章:发布命令
开发语言·rust
JoannaJuanCV3 天前
error: can‘t find Rust compiler
开发语言·后端·rust