文章目录
-
-
- [1. 静态文件配置](#1. 静态文件配置)
- [2. nginx listen 命令解析](#2. nginx listen 命令解析)
- [3. nginx server_name 命令解析](#3. nginx server_name 命令解析)
- [4. nginx server 端口重复](#4. nginx server 端口重复)
- [5. nginx location 命令](#5. nginx location 命令)
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1. 静态文件配置
在 /home 文件下配置一个静态的AdminLTE后台管理系统:
shell
[root@nginx-dev conf.d]# cd /home
[root@nginx-dev home]# ls
AdminLTE-3.2.0 apache-tomcat-8.5.81 apps sql
[root@nginx-dev home]# cd AdminLTE-3.2.0/
[root@nginx-dev AdminLTE-3.2.0]# ll
total 1412
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 53 Feb 8 2022 build
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3173 Feb 8 2022 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 469 Feb 8 2022 composer.json
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 38 Feb 8 2022 dist
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 169 Feb 8 2022 docker-compose.yml
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 171 Feb 8 2022 Dockerfile
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Feb 8 2022 docs
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31161 Feb 8 2022 iframe-dark.html
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 31521 Feb 8 2022 iframe.html
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 72974 Feb 8 2022 index2.html
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 43689 Feb 8 2022 index3.html
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 61756 Feb 8 2022 index.html
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1082 Feb 8 2022 LICENSE
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6778 Feb 8 2022 package.json
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1134163 Feb 8 2022 package-lock.json
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 196 Feb 8 2022 pages
drwxr-xr-x. 62 root root 4096 Feb 8 2022 plugins
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 6716 Feb 8 2022 README.md
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 13336 Feb 8 2022 starter.html
① 下面将其配置成一个web服务:nginx 配置文件位于 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 中,其中 include 命令会引用 /etc/nginx/conf.d 目录下所有的 .conf 文件,因次可以在conf.d文件下新建一个配置文件 8000.conf
shell
[root@nginx-dev home]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@nginx-dev conf.d]# ls
admin-8000.conf default.conf
[root@nginx-dev conf.d]# vi 8000.conf
[root@nginx-dev conf.d]# nginx -s reload
其中 8000.conf 配置文件的内容为:
nginx
server{
listen 8000;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0;
index index.html index2.html index3.html;
}
}
它监听本地的 8000 端口,并将所有请求都定向到 /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0 目录下的文件。如果请求的 URL 路径是 /,则会尝试返回 index.html、index2.html 或 index3.html 中的一个作为响应。这个配置文件的作用是将本地的 AdminLTE-3.2.0 网页项目部署到 Nginx 服务器上,以便通过浏览器访问。
② 在浏览器访问8000端口:http://192.168.1.9:8000/
2. nginx listen 命令解析
nginx 是一款高性能的 Web 服务器和反向代理服务器,listen 是 nginx 配置文件中用于指定监听地址和端口的指令。
listen 指令的语法如下:
nginx
listen address[:port] [parameters];
其中,address 表示要监听的 IP 地址,可以是一个具体的 IP 地址,也可以是一个通配符,如 * 表示监听所有可用的 IP 地址。port 表示要监听的端口号,如果不指定,则默认为 80。
listen 指令还可以带有一些可选的参数,如下所示:
① default_server:指定该监听地址和端口为默认服务器,当客户端请求的域名在 nginx 中没有匹配的虚拟主机时,会使用该默认服务器处理请求。
② ssl:指定该监听地址和端口使用 SSL/TLS 加密协议进行通信。
③ http2:指定该监听地址和端口使用 HTTP/2 协议进行通信。
④ reuseport:启用 SO_REUSEPORT 选项,允许多个进程或线程同时监听同一个地址和端口,提高并发处理能力。
例如,以下配置指定 nginx 监听 192.168.1.100 的 80 端口,并启用 default_server 参数:
nginx
listen 192.168.1.100:80 default_server;
监听可以配置成IP
或端口
或IP+端口
:
nginx
listen 127.0.0.1:8000; 指定Nginx监听127.0.0.1的8000端口。
listen 127.0.0.1; 指定Nginx监听127.0.0.1的80端口(因为端口号未指定,默认为80)。
listen 8000; 指定Nginx监听所有可用IP地址的8000端口。
listen *:8000; 指定Nginx监听所有可用IP地址的8000端口。
listen localhost:8000; 指定Nginx监听本地主机名localhost的8000端口。
3. nginx server_name 命令解析
server_name 是 Nginx 配置文件中用于指定虚拟主机的域名或 IP 地址的指令。它用于告诉 Nginx 哪些请求应该被转发到该虚拟主机,主要用于区分,可以随便起。也可以使用变量$hostname
配置成主机名。
server_name 指令可以在 http、server 和 location 块中使用。在 http 块中使用 server_name 指令可以设置默认的虚拟主机,而在 server 块中使用 server_name 指令可以设置特定的虚拟主机。
server_name 指令可以指定一个或多个域名或 IP 地址,多个域名或 IP 地址之间用空格或逗号分隔。例如:
nginx
server {
listen 80;
server_name example.com www.example.com;
...
}
或者配置成域名:example.org
www.example.org
*.example.org
上面的配置指定了两个域名 example.com 和 www.example.com,当请求的主机名为这两个域名之一时,Nginx 将会将请求转发到该虚拟主机。
4. nginx server 端口重复
如果多个server的端口重复,那么根据域名
或者主机名
去匹配 server_name 进行选择。
① 查看 /etc/nginx/conf.d 目录下的 default.conf 文件,可以看到,配置文件监听80端口,服务器名为localhost
nginx
[root@nginx-dev conf.d]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}
② 修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d 目录下的 8000.conf 文件,将监听端口页修改为80,重启 nginx 会提醒 conflicting server name "localhost" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored
nginx
[root@nginx-dev conf.d]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/8000.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0;
index index.html index2.html index3.html;
}
}
[root@nginx-dev conf.d]# nginx -s reload
nginx: [warn] conflicting server name "localhost" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored
③ 重新修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d 目录下的 8000.conf 文件,将 server_name 修改为 nginx-dev
nginx
[root@nginx-dev conf.d]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/8000.conf
server{
listen 80;
server_name nginx-dev;
location / {
root /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0;
index index.html index2.html index3.html;
}
}
④ 如果访问 curl http://localhost:80,那么响应的是 /usr/share/nginx/html 目录下的首页文件:
nginx
# [root@nginx-dev conf.d]# curl localhost:80 会访问这个
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
⑤ 如果访问 curl http://nginx-dev:80,那么响应的是 /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0 目录下的首页文件:
nginx
# [root@nginx-dev html]# curl http://nginx-dev:80 会访问这个
server{
listen 80;
server_name nginx-dev;#主机名
location / {
root /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0;
index index.html index2.html index3.html;
}
}
5. nginx location 命令
/
请求指向 root 目录,location 总是从/
目录开始匹配,如果有子目录,例如/css
,他会指向/static/css
nginx
location /css {
root /static;
}
① 修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d 目录下的 8000.conf 文件:
nginx
[root@nginx-dev html]# nginx -s reload
[root@nginx-dev html]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/8000.conf
server{
listen 8000;
server_name localhost;
location /admin {
root /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0;
index index.html index2.html index3.html;
}
}
/
请求总是指向 root 目录,/admin 目录则指向的是root目录下的admin目录,即为 /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0/admin。
在浏览器访问 http://192.168.1.9:8000/admin :报错404
查看nginx错误日志:
shell
[root@nginx-dev nginx]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/*.log
==> /var/log/nginx/access.log <==
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:22:40:38 +0800] "GET /dist/img/user1-128x128.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 2750 "http://192.168.1.9:8000/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:22:40:38 +0800] "GET /plugins/fontawesome-free/webfonts/fa-solid-900.woff2 HTTP/1.1" 200 78268 "http://192.168.1.9:8000/plugins/fontawesome-free/css/all.min.css" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:22:40:38 +0800] "GET /plugins/fontawesome-free/webfonts/fa-regular-400.woff2 HTTP/1.1" 200 13224 "http://192.168.1.9:8000/plugins/fontawesome-free/css/all.min.css" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
127.0.0.1 - - [06/Aug/2023:22:59:36 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
127.0.0.1 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:01:16 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
192.168.1.9 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:01:58 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
192.168.1.9 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:02:46 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
192.168.1.9 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:03:43 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
127.0.0.1 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:03:52 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 615 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:15:09 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
==> /var/log/nginx/error.log <==
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 3869#3869: exit
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 3870#3870: exiting
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 3870#3870: exit
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 2483#2483: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 3869
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 2483#2483: worker process 3869 exited with code 0
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 2483#2483: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 2483#2483: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 3870
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 2483#2483: worker process 3870 exited with code 0
2023/08/06 23:14:21 [notice] 2483#2483: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2023/08/06 23:15:09 [error] 3897#3897: *26 open() "/home/AdminLTE-3.2.0/admin" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.1.10, server: localhost, request: "GET /admin HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.1.9:8000"
可以看到报错信息为 /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0/admin 这个目录不存在。
② 修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d 目录下的 8000.conf 文件:
nginx
[root@nginx-dev nginx]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/8000.conf
server{
listen 8000;
server_name localhost;
location / {
root /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0;
index index.html index2.html index3.html;
}
}
在浏览器访问 http://192.168.1.9:8000/a。同样报错404:
查看nginx错误日志:
nginx
[root@nginx-dev nginx]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/*.log
==> /var/log/nginx/access.log <==
127.0.0.1 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:01:16 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
192.168.1.9 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:01:58 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
192.168.1.9 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:02:46 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
192.168.1.9 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:03:43 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
127.0.0.1 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:03:52 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 615 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-"
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:15:09 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:19:48 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:19:51 +0800] "GET /admin HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:19:54 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 61756 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
192.168.1.10 - - [06/Aug/2023:23:20:05 +0800] "GET /a HTTP/1.1" 404 153 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/115.0" "-"
==> /var/log/nginx/error.log <==
2023/08/06 23:19:44 [notice] 3897#3897: exit
2023/08/06 23:19:44 [notice] 2483#2483: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 3897
2023/08/06 23:19:44 [notice] 2483#2483: worker process 3897 exited with code 0
2023/08/06 23:19:44 [notice] 2483#2483: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2023/08/06 23:19:44 [notice] 2483#2483: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 3898
2023/08/06 23:19:44 [notice] 2483#2483: worker process 3898 exited with code 0
2023/08/06 23:19:44 [notice] 2483#2483: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2023/08/06 23:20:05 [error] 3906#3906: *28 open() "/home/AdminLTE-3.2.0/a" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.1.10, server: localhost, request: "GET /a HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.1.9:8000"
可以看到报错信息为 /home/AdminLTE-3.2.0/a 这个目录不存在。