记录一个ios开发者使用flutter开发者运行安卓模拟器的痛苦经历

使用安卓模拟器启动flutter项目或者执行build apk --release --no-pub始终报了一个错误,百度了各大网页,对于安卓0经验开发的人来说还是一脸的迷茫,所以今天记录一下,便于帮助其他遇到同样问题的IOS开发者走出困境:

Execution failed for task ':app:processDebugMainManifest'.Unable to make field private final java.lang.String java.io.File.path accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.io" to unnamed module @ffea291

一、报错内容

android studio点击debug main.dart爬虫按钮:

报错内容如下:

vbnet 复制代码
Launching lib/main.dart on sdk gphone64 arm64 in debug mode...
Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'...

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:processDebugMainManifest'.
> Unable to make field private final java.lang.String java.io.File.path accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.io" to unnamed module @ffea291

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 3s
Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1

二、flutter tools调试

通过使用flutter_tools调试

方法为: /packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/android/gradle.dart

dart 复制代码
Future<void> buildGradleApp({
  required FlutterProject project,
  required AndroidBuildInfo androidBuildInfo,
  required String target,
  required bool isBuildingBundle,
  required List<GradleHandledError> localGradleErrors,
  required bool configOnly,
  bool validateDeferredComponents = true,
  bool deferredComponentsEnabled = false,
  int retry = 0,
  @visibleForTesting int? maxRetries,
})

主要执行的功能为:

yaml 复制代码
final String? javaHome = globals.androidSdk?.javaHome;
 exitCode = await _processUtils.stream(
   command,
   workingDirectory: project.android.hostAppGradleRoot.path,
   allowReentrantFlutter: true,
   environment: <String, String>{
     if (javaHome != null)
       AndroidSdk.javaHomeEnvironmentVariable: javaHome,
   },
   mapFunction: consumeLog,
 );

打印command 命令为

三、gradlew 命令解析

意思就是说执行flutter android工程下的 gradlew 命令 查看一下gradle是一个shell 脚本

在这个文件最后倒数第二行添加日志打印:

bash 复制代码
echo "$JAVACMD" "${JVM_OPTS[@]}" -classpath "$CLASSPATH" org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain "$@"

重新执行 flutter run --debug

可以看到 通过flutter run --debug 运行安卓模拟器,本质上是需要执行gradle打包app命令 gradlew,格式化看的清楚一些:

ini 复制代码
/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home/bin/java

 -Xdock:name=Gradle 

 -Xdock:icon=/Users/axx/Desktop/carrier_project_name/android/media/gradle.icns 

 -Dorg.gradle.appname=gradlew 


 -classpath /Users/axx/Desktop/carrier_project_name/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar 

 org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain 

 -q 

 -Ptarget-platform=android-arm64 

 -Ptarget=/Users/axx/Desktop/carrier_project_name/lib/main.dart 

 -Pbase-application-name=android.app.Application 

 -Pdart-defines=RkxVVFRFUl9XRUJfQVVUT19ERVRFQ1Q9dHJ1ZQ==,RkxVVFRFUl9XRUJfQ0FOVkFTS0lUX1VSTD1odHRwczovL3d3dy5nc3RhdGljLmNvbS9mbHV0dGVyLWNhbnZhc2tpdC9jZGJlZGE3ODhhMjkzZmEyOTY2NWRjM2ZhM2Q2ZTYzYmQyMjFjYjBkLw== 

 -Pdart-obfuscation=false 

 -Ptrack-widget-creation=true 

 -Ptree-shake-icons=false 

 -Pfilesystem-scheme=org-dartlang-root 

 assembleDebug

意思就是通过java 来驱动启动app

四、错误分析

4.1 Android SDK & ndk 版本下载

cmd + ,打开android studio 设置,下载Android sdk版本, ndk版本

android sdk 30,31,33版本 以及 ndk 21.1.6352462都是为了能尝试解决问题下载的版本

4.2 Project Structure设置

打开android studio菜单,file 菜单,下面选择Project Structure,打开Project Structure设置窗框:

当前Module SDK版本设置: 选择Module SDK设置为 API 33版本:

点击edit 选择 android api 版本:

把不要的都删了, 这里只留了 API 33的版本。

API language 没有改,默认啥样子就还是什么样

4.3 android 模拟器设备管理Device Manager

从菜单选择tools,点击 Device Manager

点击添加设备

选择手机,选择一个合适尺寸的模拟器:

这里我下载了 api Level 33的 image镜像:

点击API33,完成设备添加:

点击启动按钮

这样就把安卓模拟器 模拟器启动好了

4.4 修改 build.gradle中的 kotlin_version 和 gradle版本

回到开始的报错:

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

  • What went wrong: Execution failed for task ':app:processDebugMainManifest'.

Unable to make field private final java.lang.String java.io.File.path accessible: module java.base does not "opens java.io" to unnamed module @ffea291

通过上面分析,是java执行命令出错了

bash 复制代码
which java

输出如下:

bash 复制代码
/usr/bin/java

执行 gradlew

java 命令为 Android Studio.app目录下的java 命令。

gradlew脚本内容如下:

bash 复制代码
echo "JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME"

# Determine the Java command to use to start the JVM.
if [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ] ; then
    if [ -x "$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java" ] ; then
        # IBM's JDK on AIX uses strange locations for the executables
        JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/jre/sh/java"
    else
        JAVACMD="$JAVA_HOME/bin/java"
    fi
    if [ ! -x "$JAVACMD" ] ; then
        die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: $JAVA_HOME

Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation."
    fi
else
    JAVACMD="java"
    which java >/dev/null 2>&1 || die "ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.

Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
location of your Java installation."
fi

通过添加echo "JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME"日志

JAVA_HOME=/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home

这个JAVA_HOME 在什么时候赋值了呢?

回到上面flutter tools启动命令的过程

yaml 复制代码
final String? javaHome = globals.androidSdk?.javaHome;
exitCode = await _processUtils.stream(
  command,
  workingDirectory: project.android.hostAppGradleRoot.path,
  allowReentrantFlutter: true,
  environment: <String, String>{
    if (javaHome != null)
      AndroidSdk.javaHomeEnvironmentVariable: javaHome,
  },
  mapFunction: consumeLog,
);

则是在flutter tools执行时,通过android studio 的安装目录,自动动态获取的路径:

arduino 复制代码
static const String javaHomeEnvironmentVariable = 'JAVA_HOME';

那么看看java 版本是多少:

bash 复制代码
/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home/bin/java --version

输出:

java 复制代码
openjdk 17.0.6 2023-01-17

OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b829.9-10027231)

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.6+0-17.0.6b829.9-10027231, mixed mode)

到此,我们知道我们的 flutter run --debug的启动过程时通过java 执行gradlew 打包的过程

并且或者我们的java 版本是17

参考一下文章 www.kuazhi.com/post/425519...

最后 通过 修改 android/build.gradle 文件:

bash 复制代码
buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.0'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
    }
}

旧的配置: ext.kotlin_version = '1.6.10' classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.1.0'

修改为新的配置: ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.0' classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.0'

这里如果不修改 kotlin版本,则会报错:

vbnet 复制代码
FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:compileDebugKotlin'.
> Compilation error. See log for more details

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 10s

┌─ Flutter Fix ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [!] Your project requires a newer version of the Kotlin Gradle plugin.                     │
│ Find the latest version on https://kotlinlang.org/docs/releases.html#release-details, then │
│ update /Users/axx/Desktop/carrier_project_name/android/build.gradle:                       │
│ ext.kotlin_version = '<latest-version>'                                                    │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1

通过访问 kotlinlang.org

看到Kotlin 当前 最新版本为1.9.0 ,所以修改为此配置。

重新运行,终于OK了。

总结

  • 安卓项目的启动是通过flutter tools找到 java_home 环境,即使用android studio app 程序下的java环境启动 gradlew 编译app。
  • flutter tools java bin path AndroidSdk.javaHomeEnvironmentVariable是通过本机安装的androd studio应用程序安装目录。为
yaml 复制代码
 _processUtils.stream(
command,
workingDirectory: project.android.hostAppGradleRoot.path,
allowReentrantFlutter: true,
environment: <String, String>{
  if (javaHome != null)
    AndroidSdk.javaHomeEnvironmentVariable: javaHome,
},
mapFunction: consumeLog,
);
  • gradlew 为一个shell程序,启动命令为JAVA_HOME=/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jbr/Contents/Home/bin/java -Xdock:name=Gradle -Xdock:icon=/Users/axx/Desktop/carrier_project_name/android/media/gradle.icns -Dorg.gradle.appname=gradlew -classpath /Users/axx/Desktop/carrier_project_name/android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain -q -Ptarget-platform=android-arm64 -Ptarget=/Users/axx/Desktop/carrier_project_name/lib/main.dart -Pbase-application-name=android.app.Application -Pdart-defines=Zmx1dHRlci5pbnNwZWN0b3Iuc3RydWN0dXJlZEVycm9ycz10cnVl,RkxVVFRFUl9XRUJfQVVUT19ERVRFQ1Q9dHJ1ZQ==,RkxVVFRFUl9XRUJfQ0FOVkFTS0lUX1VSTD1odHRwczovL3d3dy5nc3RhdGljLmNvbS9mbHV0dGVyLWNhbnZhc2tpdC9jZGJlZGE3ODhhMjkzZmEyOTY2NWRjM2ZhM2Q2ZTYzYmQyMjFjYjBkLw== -Pdart-obfuscation=false -Ptrack-widget-creation=true -Ptree-shake-icons=false -Pfilesystem-scheme=org-dartlang-root assembleDebug

  • 我的安卓stuio版本是Android Studio Giraffe | 2022.3.1则通过修改build.gradle配置文件的com.android.tools.build:gradle版本和kotlin_version版本解决 java 版本不匹配问题,即可成功运行项目或者打包apk

相关推荐
江上清风山间明月5 小时前
Flutter DragTarget拖拽控件详解
android·flutter·ios·拖拽·dragtarget
Kaelinda13 小时前
iOS开发代码块-OC版
ios·xcode·oc
江上清风山间明月18 小时前
flutter bottomSheet 控件详解
android·flutter·底部导航·bottomsheet
ii_best1 天前
ios按键精灵自动化的脚本教程:自动点赞功能的实现
运维·ios·自动化
yuanlaile1 天前
纯Dart Flutter库适配HarmonyOS
flutter·华为·harmonyos·flutter开发鸿蒙·harmonyos教程
yuanlaile1 天前
Flutter开发HarmonyOS 鸿蒙App的好处、能力以及把Flutter项目打包成鸿蒙应用
flutter·华为·harmonyos·flutter开发鸿蒙
zacksleo1 天前
鸿蒙原生开发手记:04-一个完整元服务案例
flutter
app开发工程师V帅2 天前
iOS 苹果开发者账号: 查看和添加设备UUID 及设备数量
ios
CodeCreator18182 天前
iOS AccentColor 和 Color Set
ios
iOS民工2 天前
iOS keychain
ios