yum部署kubernetes（k8s）集群、k8s常用资源管理

目录

一、环境搭建

1、准备环境

1）计算机说明，建议系统版本7.4或者7.6

2）修改所有主机的计算机名设置host文件

2、安装master节点

1）安装etcd配置etcd

2）安装k8s-master节点

3）配置apiserver

4）配置controller和scheduler

5）启动k8s服务

3、安装k8s-master上的node

1）安装node

2）配置kubelet

3）启动kubeket启动自动启动docker服务

4）启动kubelet-proxy

5）检查node节点

4、安装配置k8s-node1节点

1）安装node

2）node1连接k8s-master

3）配置kubelet

4）启动服务

5）在master节点检测node节点状态

5、安装k8s-node2节点

1）安装node

2）node1连接k8s-master

3）配置kubelet

4）启动服务

6、为所有node节点配置flannel网络

7、配置docker开启加载防火墙规则允许转发数据

二、k8s常用资源管理

1、创建一个pod

2、pod管理

3、pod操作

---

一、环境搭建

1、准备环境

1）计算机说明，建议系统版本7.4或者7.6

|------------|-----------------|-------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 主机名 | IP地址 | 角色 | 硬件 |
| k8s-master | 192.168.147.138 | Master，node | Etcd、apiserver、controlor-manager、scheduler、kube-proxy、docker、registry |
| K8s-node1 | 192.168.147.139 | Node | Kubletel、kube-proxy、docker |
| K8s-node2 | 192.168.147.140 | Node | Kubletel、kube-proxy、docker |

2）修改所有主机的计算机名设置host文件

[root@slave ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master
[root@slave ~]# bash
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.147.138 k8s-master
192.168.147.139 k8s-node1
192.168.147.140 k8s-node2
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/hosts 192.168.147.139:/etc/hosts
[root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/hosts 192.168.147.140:/etc/hosts

2、安装master节点

1）安装etcd配置etcd

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install etcd -y
[root@k8s-master ~]# cp /etc/etcd/etcd.conf /etc/etcd/etcd.conf.bak
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/etcd/etcd.conf

  6 ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://0.0.0.0:2379"

 21 ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://192.168.147.138:2379"
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable etcd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/etcd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service.

2）安装k8s-master节点

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y install kubernetes-master.x86_64 

3）配置apiserver

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/apiserver
8 KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0"		//修改监听IP地址
12 KUBE_API_PORT="--port=8080"							//监听端口
16 KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"					//kubelet监听端口
19 KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://192.168.147.138:2379"	//连接etcd
24 KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ResourceQuota"

4）配置controller和scheduler

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/config
 22 KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.147.138:8080"

5）启动k8s服务

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start kube-apiserver.service 
[root@k8s-master ~]#  systemctl start kube-controller-manager.service
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start kube-scheduler.service
[root@k8s-master ~]#  systemctl enable kube-apiserver.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-apiserver.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service.
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-controller-manager.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service.
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kube-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service.

6）检查节点安装都是健康的

[root@k8s-master ~]#  kubectl get componentstatus
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}

3、安装k8s-master上的node

1）安装node

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install kubernetes node.x86_64

2）配置kubelet

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
5 KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=192.168.147.138"						//监听IP地址
11 KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=k8s-master"				//监听计算机名
14 KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.147.138:8080"		//监听apiserver端口

3）启动kubeket启动自动启动docker服务

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start kubelet
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet

4）启动kubelet-proxy

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start kube-proxy
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kube-proxy

5）检查node节点

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS    AGE
k8s-master   Ready     2m

4、安装配置k8s-node1节点

1）安装node

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# yum install kubernetes node.x86_64

2）node1连接k8s-master

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/config
22 KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.147.138:8080"

3）配置kubelet

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
5 KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=192.168.147.140
11 KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=k8s-node1"
15 KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.147.138:8080"

4）启动服务

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl start kubelet
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl start kube-proxy
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl enable kube-proxy

5）在master节点检测node节点状态

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS    AGE
k8s-master   Ready     50m
k8s-node1    Ready     15s				//发现节点node1

5、安装k8s-node2节点

1）安装node

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# yum install kubernetes node.x86_64

2）node1连接k8s-master

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/config
22 KUBE_MASTER="--master=http://192.168.147.138:8080"

3）配置kubelet

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet
5 KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=192.168.147.140"
11 KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=k8s-node2"
15 KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=http://192.168.147.138:8080"

4）启动服务

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl start kubelet

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl start kube-proxy

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl enable kubelet

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl enable kube-proxy
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS    AGE
k8s-master   Ready     16m
k8s-node1    Ready     11s
k8s-node2    Ready     12s

6、为所有node节点配置flannel网络

1）在k8s-master节点安装flannel

[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install flannel -y
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/flanneld
4 FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=http://192.168.147.138:2379

[root@k8s-master ~]# etcdctl set /atomic.io/network/config '{ "Network": "172.16.0.0/16" }'	//配置网络
{ "Network": "172.16.0.0/16" }

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl start flanneld
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable flanneld
[root@k8s-master ~]# ifconfig		//查看多一个网络

flannel0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST>  mtu 1472
        inet 172.16.63.0  netmask 255.255.0.0  destination 172.16.63.0
        inet6 fe80::41de:6f31:283f:fd63  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  txqueuelen 500  (UNSPEC)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 1  bytes 48 (48.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0


[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl restart docker		//重新启动docker服务和flannel网络一至
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable docker
flannel0: flags=4305<UP,POINTOPOINT,RUNNING,NOARP,MULTICAST>  mtu 1472
        inet 172.16.63.0  netmask 255.255.0.0  destination 172.16.63.0
        inet6 fe80::41de:6f31:283f:fd63  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        unspec 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  txqueuelen 500  (UNSPEC)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 3  bytes 144 (144.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2）配置node1节点flannel网络

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# yum install flannel -y
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/flanneld
4 FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=http://192.168.147.138:2379
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl start flanneld
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl enable flanneld
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl enable docker

3）安装node2节点flannel网络

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# yum install flannel -y

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/flanneld
4 FLANNEL_ETCD_ENDPOINTS=http://192.168.200.112:2379

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl start flanneld
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl enable flanneld

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS    AGE
k8s-master   Ready     21m
k8s-node1    Ready     5m
k8s-node2    Ready     5m

4）测试docker容器跨宿主机通信

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT		//允许转发数据
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
[root@k8s-master ~]# iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

[root@k8s-master ~]# docker run -it busybox		//下载镜像
/ # ping 172.16.63.1		//测试和其他docker宿主机之间通信

PING 172.16.63.1 (172.16.63.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.16.63.1: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.088 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.63.1: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.131 ms

7、配置docker开启加载防火墙规则允许转发数据

1）配置k8s-master节点

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
18 ExecStartPort=/usr/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT  #手动添加

[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl restart docker

2）配置k8s-node1节点

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
18 ExecStartPort=/usr/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT

[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# systemctl restart docker

3）配置k8s-node2节点

[root@k8s-node2 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

18 ExecStartPort=/usr/sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# systemctl restart docker

二、k8s常用资源管理

1、创建一个pod

1）创建yuml文件

[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir k8s
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim ./k8s/nginx.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: web
spec:
  containers:
    - name: nginx
      image: nginx:1.13
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80

2）创建容器

方法一.  yum安装

[root@k8s-master ~]#yum install *rhsm*


执行命令：

[root@k8s-master ~]#wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-rhsm-certificates-1.19.10-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm

[root@k8s-master ~]#rpm2cpio python-rhsm-certificates-1.19.10-1.el7_4.x86_64.rpm | cpio -iv --to-stdout ./etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem | tee /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem    
前两个命令会生成/etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem文件.     

[root@k8s-master ~]# docker pull registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest
latest: Pulling from rhel7/pod-infrastructure
26e5ed6899db: Pull complete 
66dbe984a319: Pull complete 
9138e7863e08: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:47db25d46e39f338142553f899cedf6b0ad9f04c6c387a94b6b0964b7d1b7678
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create -f ./k8s/nginx.yaml

3）查看所有pod创建运行状态

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME      READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          32s

4）查看指定pod资源

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx
NAME      READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          20m

5）查看pod运行的详细信息

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe pod nginx
Name:		nginx
Namespace:	default
Node:		k8s-node2/192.168.147.140
Start Time:	Mon, 27 Dec 2021 22:35:49 +0800
Labels:		app=web
Status:		Pending
IP:		
Controllers:	<none>
Containers:
  nginx:
    Container ID:		
    Image:			nginx:1.13
    Image ID:			
    Port:			80/TCP
    State:			Waiting
      Reason:			ContainerCreating
    Ready:			False
    Restart Count:		0
    Volume Mounts:		<none>
    Environment Variables:	<none>
Conditions:
  Type		Status
  Initialized 	True 
  Ready 	False 
  PodScheduled 	True 
No volumes.
QoS Class:	BestEffort
Tolerations:	<none>
Events:
  FirstSeen	LastSeen	Count	From			SubObjectPath	Type		Reason		Message
  ---------	--------	-----	----			-------------	--------	------		-------
  1d		58s		14	{kubelet k8s-node2}			Warning		FailedSync	Error syncing pod, skipping: failed to "StartContainer" for "POD" with ErrImagePull: "image pull failed for registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest, this may be because there are no credentials on this request.  details: (open /etc/docker/certs.d/registry.access.redhat.com/redhat-ca.crt: no such file or directory)"

  1d	6s	118	{kubelet k8s-node2}		Warning	FailedSync	Error syncing pod, skipping: failed to "StartContainer" for "POD" with ImagePullBackOff: "Back-off pulling image \"registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest\""

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod nginx -o wide		//显示调度节点
NAME      READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE       IP        NODE
nginx     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          1d        <none>    k8s-node2

6）验证运行的pod

root@k8s-master ~]#  kubectl get pod nginx -o wide
NAME      READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP            NODE
nginx     1/1       Running   3          1d        172.16.56.2   k8s-node2

2、pod管理

1）删除pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl delete  pod nginx 
pod "nginx" deleted

2）查看删除pod无法找到

[root@k8s-master ~]#  kubectl get pod nginx -o wide
Error from server (NotFound): pods "nginx" not found

3）创建pod

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create -f ./k8s/nginx.yaml 
pod "nginx" created

4）发现最先创建的pod运行在k8s-master节点上，下载镜像速度太慢没法运行

[root@k8s-master ~]#  kubectl get pod nginx -o wide
NAME      READY     STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE       IP        NODE
nginx     0/1       ContainerCreating   0          4m        <none>    k8s-master

5）访问pod节点中的服务

[root@k8s-master ~]# curl -I http://172.16.7.3
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.13.12
Date: Mon, 03 Jan 2022 13:35:54 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Mon, 09 Apr 2018 16:01:09 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5acb8e45-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

3、pod操作

1）在一个pod中修改配置文件运行多个业务容器

[root@k8s-master ~]# vim ./k8s/nginx.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: test1
  labels:
    app: web
spec:
  containers:
    - name: nginx01
      image: nginx:1.13
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80
    - name: busybox
      image: docker.io/busybox:latest
      command: ["sleep","3600"]
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80

2）创建资源test2

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create -f ./k8s/nginx.yaml 
pod "test1" created 

3）查看资源使用情况

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME      READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP            NODE
nginx     1/1       Running   0          5d        172.16.7.3    k8s-master
test       1/1       Running   1          1h        172.16.96.2   k8s-node2
test1      2/2       Running   0          33s       172.16.12.2   k8s-node1