RabbitMQ死信队列

2420302023-08-22 19:48

RabbitMQ死信队列

1、过期时间TTL

过期时间TTL表示可以对消息设置预期的时间，在这个时间内都可以被消费者接收获取；过了之后消息将自动被

删除。RabbitMQ可以对消息和队列设置TTL，目前有两种方法可以设置：

  • 第一种方法是通过队列属性设置，队列中所有消息都有相同的过期时间。

  • 第二种方法是对消息进行单独设置，每条消息TTL可以不同。

如果上述两种方法同时使用，则消息的过期时间以两者TTL较小的那个数值为准。消息在队列的生存时间一旦超

过设置的TTL值，就称为dead message被投递到死信队列，消费者将无法再收到该消息。

1.1 设置队列TTL

pom依赖

xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.4</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-rabbitmq-ttl</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-boot-rabbitmq-ttl</name>
    <description>spring-boot-rabbitmq-ttl</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class TTLRabbitMQConfiguration {

    // 1.声明注册direct模式的交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange ttldirectExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("ttl_direct_exchange", true, false);
    }

    // 2.队列的过期时间
    @Bean
    public Queue directttlQueue() {
        //设置过期时间
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
        //这里一定是int类型
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 5000);
        return new Queue("ttl.direct.queue", true, false, false, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding ttlBingding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directttlQueue()).to(ttldirectExchange()).with("ttl");
    }
}

Service

java 复制代码 
package com.example.service;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.UUID;

@Service
public class OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    //模拟用户下单
    public void makeOrder() {
        //1.根据商品id查询库存是否足够
        //2.保存订单
        String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        System.out.println("订单生产成功：" + orderId);
        //3.通过MQ来完成消息的分发
        //参数1：交换机 参数2：路由key/queue队列名称 参数3：消息内容
        String exchangeName = "ttl_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "ttl";
        // 队列中会产生一条消息并且5秒钟后会消失
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, routingKey, orderId);
    }
}

启动类

java 复制代码 
package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RabbitmqDemoApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqDemoApplication.class, args);
	}

}

配置文件

properties 复制代码 
# RabbitMQ基本配置
# RabbitMQ的主机地址(默认为:localhost)
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
# 指定该用户要连接到的虚拟host端(注:如果不指定,那么默认虚拟host为"/")
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host = /
# amqp协议端口号:5672; 集群端口号:25672;http端口号:15672;
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
# 登录到RabbitMQ的用户名、密码
spring.rabbitmq.username=zsx242030
spring.rabbitmq.password=zsx242030

测试

java 复制代码 
package com.example;

import com.example.service.OrderService;
import com.example.service.OrderService1;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqDemoApplication.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MessageProducerTest {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        orderService.makeOrder();
    }

}
tex 复制代码 
订单生产成功：8a965457-330b-4e2b-9087-a40cbfdee033

1.2 设置消息TTL

配置类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class TTLRabbitMQConfiguration1 {

    //1.声明注册direct模式的交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange ttlMessageDirectExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("ttl_message_direct_exchange", true, false);
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue directttlMessageQueue() {
        return new Queue("ttl.message.direct.queue", true, false, false);
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding ttlMessageBingding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directttlMessageQueue()).to(ttlMessageDirectExchange()).with("ttlmessage");
    }
}

Service

java 复制代码 
package com.example.service;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.UUID;

@Service
public class OrderService1 {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    //模拟用户下单
    public void makeOrder() {
        //1.根据商品id查询库存是否足够
        //2.保存订单
        String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        System.out.println("订单生产成功：" + orderId);
        //3.通过MQ来完成消息的分发
        //参数1：交换机 参数2：路由key/queue队列名称 参数3：消息内容
        String exchangeName = "ttl_message_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "ttlmessage";
        //给消息设置过期时间
        MessagePostProcessor messagePostProcessor = new MessagePostProcessor() {
            public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) {
                //这里就是字符串
                message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration("5000");
                message.getMessageProperties().setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
                return message;
            }
        };
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, routingKey, orderId, messagePostProcessor);
    }
}

测试类

java 复制代码 
package com.example;

import com.example.service.OrderService1;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqDemoApplication.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MessageProducerTest1 {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService1 orderService1;

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        orderService1.makeOrder();
    }

}
tex 复制代码 
订单生产成功：9eb9e120-1379-4e54-bc43-1944b3c22713

2、死信队列

DLX，全称 Dead-Letter-Exchange，可以称之为死信交换机，也有人称之为死信邮箱。当消息在一个队列中变

成死信之后，它能被重新发送到另一个交换机中，这个交换机就是DLX，绑定DLX的队列就称之为死信队列。消

息变成死信，可能是由于以下原因：

  • 消息被拒绝

  • 消息过期

  • 队列达到最大长度

DLX也是一个正常的交换机，和一般的交换机没有区别，它能在任何的队列上被指定，实际上就是设置某一个队

列的属性，当这个队列中存在死信时，RabbitMQ就会自动地将这个消息重新发布到设置的DLX上去，进而被路由

到另一个队列，即死信队列。

要想使用死信队列，只需要在定义队列的时候设置队列参数x-dead-letter-exchange指定交换机即可。

pom依赖

xml 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.4</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-rabbitmq-dlx</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-boot-rabbitmq-dlx</name>
    <description>spring-boot-rabbitmq-dlx</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

配置类

java 复制代码 
package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class DeadRabbitMqConfiguration {

    //1.声明注册direct模式的交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange deadDirect() {
        return new DirectExchange("dead_direct_exchange", true, false);
    }

    //2.队列的过期时间
    @Bean
    public Queue deadQueue() {
        return new Queue("dead.direct.queue", true);
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding deadbinds() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(deadQueue()).to(deadDirect()).with("dead");
    }
}
java 复制代码 
package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class TTLRabbitMQConfiguration {

    //1.声明注册direct模式的交换机
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange ttldirectExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("ttl_direct_exchange", true, false);
    }

    //2.队列的过期时间
    @Bean
    public Queue directttlQueue() {
        //设置过期时间
        Map<String, Object> args = new HashMap<>();
        // ttl队列最大可以接受5条消息,超过的条数也是会被移入死信队列,过期之后依然会被移入死信队列
        // args.put("x-max-length",5);
        // 这里一定是int类型
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 5000);
        // 死信队列的交换机
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "dead_direct_exchange");
        // fanout不需要配置
        // 路由
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "dead");
        return new Queue("ttl.direct.queue", true, false, false, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding ttlBingding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directttlQueue()).to(ttldirectExchange()).with("ttl");
    }


}

Service

java 复制代码 
package com.example.service;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.UUID;

@Service
public class OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    //模拟用户下单
    public void makeOrder() {
        //1.根据商品id查询库存是否足够
        //2.保存订单
        String orderId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        System.out.println("订单生产成功：" + orderId);
        //3.通过MQ来完成消息的分发
        //参数1：交换机 参数2：路由key/queue队列名称 参数3：消息内容
        String exchangeName = "ttl_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "ttl";
        // 队列中会产生一条消息并且5秒钟后会消失
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, routingKey, orderId);
    }
}

启动类

java 复制代码 
package com.example;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class RabbitmqDemoApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqDemoApplication.class, args);
	}

}

配置文件

properties 复制代码 
# RabbitMQ基本配置
# RabbitMQ的主机地址(默认为:localhost)
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
# 指定该用户要连接到的虚拟host端(注:如果不指定,那么默认虚拟host为"/")
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host = /
# amqp协议端口号:5672; 集群端口号:25672;http端口号:15672;
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
# 登录到RabbitMQ的用户名、密码
spring.rabbitmq.username=zsx242030
spring.rabbitmq.password=zsx242030

测试类

java 复制代码 
package com.example;

import com.example.service.OrderService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@SpringBootTest(classes = RabbitmqDemoApplication.class)
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class MessageProducerTest {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    @Test
    public void test() {
        orderService.makeOrder();
    }

}
tex 复制代码 
订单生产成功：74adb096-734c-4484-8947-032ef1ee7c5d
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