由于最近做的功能，需要将接口返回的数据列表，输出到excel中，以供后续导入，且网上现有的封装，使用起来都较为麻烦，故参考已有做法封装了工具类。
使用apache poi实现excel联动下拉框思路
- 创建隐藏单元格，存储下拉数据
- 创建名称管理器
- 使用indirect表达式进行联动
添加依赖
xml
<!--Java程序对Microsoft Office格式档案读和写的功能-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>5.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>5.2.2</version>
</dependency>直接上代码
java
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* excel验证工具类
*
* @author chenchuancheng github.com/meethigher
* @since 2023/08/20 23:55
*/
public class ExcelValidationUtils {
private static final int minRow = 1;
private static final int maxRow = 100;
private static final boolean debugHideSheet = true;
/**
* 创建一个xlsx
*
* @return {@link XSSFWorkbook}
*/
public static XSSFWorkbook createOneXLSX() {
return new XSSFWorkbook();
}
/**
* 为xlsx添加一个sheet
*
* @param wb xlsx
* @param sheetName sheet名
* @param headers 首行标题头
* @return sheet
*/
public static XSSFSheet addOneSheet(XSSFWorkbook wb, String sheetName, String[] headers) {
XSSFSheet st = wb.createSheet(sheetName);
//表头样式
CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
style.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); // 创建一个居中格式
//字体样式
Font fontStyle = wb.createFont();
fontStyle.setFontName("微软雅黑");
fontStyle.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
style.setFont(fontStyle);
//单元格格式为文本
XSSFDataFormat format = wb.createDataFormat();
style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("@"));
//写标题
XSSFRow row = st.createRow(0);
st.createFreezePane(0, 1, 0, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) {
String value = headers[i];
XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
st.setColumnWidth(i, value.length() * 1000);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
st.setDefaultColumnStyle(i, style);
cell.setCellValue(value);
}
return st;
}
/**
* 添加两层级联数据
*
* @param wb xlsx
* @param targetSheet 目标sheet
* @param linkageData 两层级联数据
* @param parentCol 父列
* @param childCol 孩子列
* @param parentColIdentifier 父列标识符
* @return {@link XSSFSheet}
*/
public static XSSFSheet addLinkageDataValidation(XSSFWorkbook wb, XSSFSheet targetSheet, Map<String, List<String>> linkageData,
int parentCol, int childCol, String parentColIdentifier) {
XSSFSheet hideSt = wb.createSheet();
wb.setSheetHidden(wb.getSheetIndex(hideSt), !debugHideSheet);
int rowId = 0;
Set<String> keySet = linkageData.keySet();
for (String parent : keySet) {
List<String> sonList = linkageData.get(parent);
XSSFRow row = hideSt.createRow(rowId++);
row.createCell(0).setCellValue(parent);
for (int i = 0; i < sonList.size(); i++) {
XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i + 1);
cell.setCellValue(sonList.get(i));
}
// 添加名称管理器,1表示b列,从b列开始往后，都是子级
String range = getRange(1, rowId, sonList.size());
Name name = wb.createName();
name.setNameName(parent);
String formula = hideSt.getSheetName() + "!" + range;
name.setRefersToFormula(formula);
}
//创建表达式校验
XSSFDataValidationHelper helper = new XSSFDataValidationHelper(targetSheet);
// //父级校验，如需生成更多，用户手动拖拽下拉即可。此操作会导致数组内容总长度超过255时报错
// DataValidation parentValidation = helper.createValidation(helper.createExplicitListConstraint(keySet.toArray(new String[0])),
// new CellRangeAddressList(minRow, maxRow, parentCol, parentCol));
// parentValidation.createErrorBox("错误", "请选择正确的父级类型");
// parentValidation.setShowErrorBox(true);
// parentValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(true);
// targetSheet.addValidationData(parentValidation);
//解决长度为255的问题
Name name = wb.createName();
name.setNameName(hideSt.getSheetName());
name.setRefersToFormula(hideSt.getSheetName() + "!$A$1:$A$" + keySet.size());
DataValidation parentValidation = helper.createValidation(helper.createFormulaListConstraint(hideSt.getSheetName()), new CellRangeAddressList(minRow, maxRow, parentCol, parentCol));
parentValidation.createErrorBox("错误", "请选择正确的父级类型");
parentValidation.setShowErrorBox(true);
targetSheet.addValidationData(parentValidation);
//子级校验，如需生成更多，用户手动拖拽下拉即可
for (int i = minRow; i < maxRow; i++) {
DataValidation childValidation = helper.createValidation(helper.createFormulaListConstraint("INDIRECT(" + parentColIdentifier + "" + (i + 1) + ")"),
new CellRangeAddressList(i, i, childCol, childCol));
childValidation.createErrorBox("错误", "请选择正确的子级类型");
childValidation.setShowErrorBox(true);
childValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(true);
targetSheet.addValidationData(childValidation);
}
return hideSt;
}
/**
* 添加简单下拉列表验证-下拉列表总内容不超过255字符
*
* @param st sheet
* @param dropDownList 下拉列表数据
* @param firstCol 开始列，从0开始
* @param lastCol 结束列，从0开始
*/
public static void addSimpleDropDownListValidation(XSSFSheet st, String[] dropDownList, int firstCol, int lastCol) {
XSSFDataValidationHelper helper = new XSSFDataValidationHelper(st);
XSSFDataValidationConstraint constraint = (XSSFDataValidationConstraint) helper.createExplicitListConstraint(dropDownList);
CellRangeAddressList addressList = new CellRangeAddressList(minRow, maxRow, firstCol, lastCol);
XSSFDataValidation validation = (XSSFDataValidation) helper.createValidation(constraint, addressList);
validation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(true);
validation.setShowErrorBox(true);
st.addValidationData(validation);
}
/**
* 添加复杂下拉列表验证-下拉列表总内容允许超过255字符
*
* @param wb xlsx
* @param dropDownList 下拉列表数据
* @param firstCol 开始列，从0开始
* @param lastCol 结束列，从0开始
*/
public static void addComplexDropDownListValidation(XSSFWorkbook wb, XSSFSheet st, String[] dropDownList, int firstCol, int lastCol) {
XSSFSheet hideSt = wb.createSheet();
wb.setSheetHidden(wb.getSheetIndex(hideSt), !debugHideSheet);
XSSFDataValidationHelper helper = new XSSFDataValidationHelper(st);
for (int i = 0, length = dropDownList.length; i < length; i++) {
String value = dropDownList[i];
XSSFRow row = hideSt.createRow(i);
XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(0);
cell.setCellValue(value);
}
//解决长度为255的问题
Name name = wb.createName();
name.setNameName(hideSt.getSheetName());
name.setRefersToFormula(hideSt.getSheetName() + "!$A$1:$A$" + dropDownList.length);
DataValidation parentValidation = helper.createValidation(helper.createFormulaListConstraint(hideSt.getSheetName()), new CellRangeAddressList(minRow, maxRow, firstCol, lastCol));
parentValidation.createErrorBox("错误", "请选择正确的类型");
parentValidation.setShowErrorBox(true);
st.addValidationData(parentValidation);
}
/**
* 计算formula
*
* @param offset 偏移量，如果给0，表示从A列开始，1，就是从B列
* @param rowId 第几行
* @param colCount 一共多少列
* @return 如果给入参 1,1,10. 表示从B1-K1。最终返回 $B$1:$K$1
*/
private static String getRange(int offset, int rowId, int colCount) {
char start = (char) ('A' + offset);
if (colCount <= 25) {
char end = (char) (start + colCount - 1);
return "$" + start + "$" + rowId + ":$" + end + "$" + rowId;
} else {
char endPrefix = 'A', endSuffix;
if ((colCount - 25) / 26 == 0 || colCount == 51) {// 26-51之间，包括边界（仅两次字母表计算）
if ((colCount - 25) % 26 == 0) {// 边界值
endSuffix = (char) ('A' + 25);
} else {
endSuffix = (char) ('A' + (colCount - 25) % 26 - 1);
}
} else {// 51以上
if ((colCount - 25) % 26 == 0) {
endSuffix = (char) ('A' + 25);
endPrefix = (char) (endPrefix + (colCount - 25) / 26 - 1);
} else {
endSuffix = (char) ('A' + (colCount - 25) % 26 - 1);
endPrefix = (char) (endPrefix + (colCount - 25) / 26);
}
}
return "$" + start + "$" + rowId + ":$" + endPrefix + endSuffix + "$" + rowId;
}
}
}使用示例
java
public class TestExportExcelWithValidation {
private final static String[] headers = new String[]{
"性别",
"省",
"市",
"区",
};
private static Map<String, List<String>> 省级() {
Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("湖北省", Arrays.asList("武汉市", "襄阳市"));
map.put("吉林省", Arrays.asList("长春市", "吉林市"));
return map;
}
private static Map<String, List<String>> 市级() {
Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("武汉市", Arrays.asList("洪山区", "江夏区"));
map.put("长春市", Arrays.asList("宽城区", "南关区"));
return map;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
XSSFWorkbook wb = createOneXLSX();
XSSFSheet st = addOneSheet(wb, "data", headers);
addSimpleDropDownListValidation(st, new String[]{"男", "女"}, 0, 0);
addLinkageDataValidation(wb, st, 省级(), 1, 2, "B");
addLinkageDataValidation(wb, st, 市级(), 2, 3, "C");
wb.write(new FileOutputStream("aaa.xlsx"));
}
}最终结果展示如图
idation(st, new String[]{"男", "女"}, 0, 0);
addLinkageDataValidation(wb, st, 省级(), 1, 2, "B");
addLinkageDataValidation(wb, st, 市级(), 2, 3, "C");
wb.write(new FileOutputStream("aaa.xlsx"));
}
}
最终结果展示如图
[外链图片转存中...(img-zQCvRcAm-1693070160923)]