SSL --- 是"Secure Sockets Layer"的缩写，中文叫做"安全套接层"。它是在上世纪90年代中期，由网景公司设计的。到了1999年，SSL 应用广泛，已经成为互联网上的事实标准。IETF 就把SSL 标准化。标准化之后SSL被改为 TLS（Transport Layer Security传输层安全协议）

SSL协议分层

SSL记录协议（SSL Record Protocol）它建立在可靠的传输协议（如TCP）之上，为高层协议提供数据封装、压缩、加密等基本功能

SSL握手协议（SSL Handshake Protocol）：它建立在SSL记录协议之上，用于在实际的数据传输开始前，通讯双方进行身份认证、协商加密算法、交换加密密钥等

SSL协议提供的服务

认证用户和服务器，确保数据发送到正确的客户机和服务器
加密数据以防止数据中途被窃取
维护数据的完整性，确保数据在传输过程中不被改变

使用Apache+mod_ssl组件的加密认证网站

mod_ssl模组

mod_ssl组件 --- 是apache的一个模块，以openssl的工具箱为基础专门为apache提供密码保护的一种组件模块

安装

vbnet 复制代码

[root@www conf.d]# yum install mod_ssl -y

配置文件

主配置文件 --- /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
证书文件 --- /etc/pki/tls/certs/xxxx.crt
私钥文件 ---/etc/pki/tls/private/xxxx.key

ssl配置文件的主要参数

vbnet 复制代码

[root@www /]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf

vbnet 复制代码

# 常用参数如下：
5 Listen 443 https   # 监听的端口号

18 SSLPassPhraseDialog exec:/usr/libexec/httpd-ssl-pass-dialog # 存储证书的密码信息

23 SSLSessionCache   shmcb:/run/httpd/sslcache(512000)   # ssl的缓存，位置

24 SSLSessionCacheTimeout  300  # 换存的超时时长

40 <VirtualHost _default_:443>  # 重要，定义虚拟主机的信息

48 ErrorLog logs/ssl_error_log  # 错误日志

49 TransferLog logs/ssl_access_log  # 传输日志

50 LogLevel warn  # 日志等级

54 SSLEngine on  # ssl引擎开启

66 SSLHonorCipherOrder on  # 协商算法

85 SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt  # 证书存储路径

93 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key  # 私钥文件路径

202 </VirtualHost>  # 虚拟主机结束定义

案例

案例1 --- 搭建HTTP+SSL的加密认证的web服务器

创建存储网页的目录，xftp上传网页数据

vbnet 复制代码

[root@www /]# mkdir -p /test/zy
[root@www /]# cd /test/zy/
[root@www zy]# vim index.html
[root@www zy]# cat index.html 
this is zy

在/etc/pki/tls/private/目录中生成私钥文件

vbnet 复制代码

[root@www zy]# cd /etc/pki/tls/private/
[root@www private]# ls
sendmail.key
[root@www private]# openssl genrsa -aes128 2048 > zy.key
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.............+++++
........................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
Enter pass phrase:     # 设置对私钥加密的密码，123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase:     # 在输入一遍
[root@www private]#

在/etc/pki/tls/certs/目录中新建数字证书

vbnet 复制代码

[root@www private]# cd /etc/pki/tls/certs/
[root@www certs]# ls
ca-bundle.crt  ca-bundle.trust.crt  sendmail.pem
[root@www certs]# openssl req -utf8 -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/zy.key -x509 -days 365 -out zy.crt    
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/tls/private/zy.key:     # 输入私钥加密的密码
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:86      # 国家代码   
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanxi     # 省份
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:xi'an        # 城市
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:tiandi      # 公司    
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Hcip       # 部门
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:192.168.149.130    # 主机名
Email Address []:145246820@qq.com     # 邮件地址

编辑配置文件

vbnet 复制代码

[root@www certs]# cd ~
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
<virtualhost  192.168.149.130:443>     # https的虚拟主机设置
        SSLEngine on                  # 开启引擎
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/zy.crt    # 证书存储路径
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/zy.key  # 私钥文件存储路径
        servername  192.168.149.130     # 域名
        documentroot    /test/zy             # 启动目录
        <directory  /test/zy >               # 启动目录权限设置
                allowoverride  none
                require  all  granted
        </directory>
</virtualhost>

重启服务

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

Enter TLS private key passphrase for 192.168.149.128:443 (RSA) : ****** #密码为先前设置的123456

案例2 --- 组建多个子目录的网站www.joker.com，该网站下有2个子目录www.joker.com/file和www.joker.com/ftp，要求file数据使用http读取，ftp数据使用https读取

安装mod_ssl已经Apache

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mod_ssl -y
#关闭selinux以及防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

新建网页目录，并创建文件

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /www/file
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /www/ftp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /www/file/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# vim /www/ftp/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# cat /www/file/index.html 
this is joker/file
[root@localhost ~]# cat /www/ftp/index.html 
this is ftp

修改/etc/hosts的映射

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts

建立file网站

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<virtualhost 192.168.149.128>
        servername 'file'
        documentroot /www/file
        alias /file /www/file
        <directory /www/file>
                allowoverride none
                require all granted
        </directory>
</virtualhost>

建立https的ftp网站

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# openssl genrsa -aes128 2048 > /etc/pki/tls/private/sxhkt.key
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
............................................................................................................................................+++++
..............................................................................+++++e is 65537 (0x010001)
Enter pass phrase:    #密码123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase:

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/pki/tls/certs/sxhkt.crt
[root@localhost ~]# openssl req -utf8 -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/sxhkt.key -x509 -days 365 -out /etc/pki/tls/certs/sxhkt.crt 
Enter pass phrase for /etc/pki/tls/private/sxhkt.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:86
State or Province Name (full name) []:shanxi
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:xi'an
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:joker
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:192.168.149.128
Email Address []:joker.com

编辑配置文件

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
<virtualhost  192.168.149.128:443>
        sslengine  on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/sxhkt.crt
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/sxhkt.key

        servername  'ftp'
        documentroot  /www/ftp
        alias   /ftp  /www/ftp    # 设置别名访问二级目录
        <directory  /www/ftp>
                allowoverride  none
                require  all  granted
        </directory>
</virtualhost>

重启服务，测试

vbnet 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd