Oracle Dataguard跨版本数据迁移(11.2.0.4~19.13.0.0)

一、前期准备

按照DG部署步骤修改DG参数、添加standby redo log、配置静态监听、配置tnsnames文件、备端修改参数文件、创建所需目录等配置好部署环境，这里不再赘述，跟正常部署DG无区别。

环境配置好后，进行后面的操作。

二、使用RMAN备份复制主端数据库

2.1.主端备份数据库

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RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 format '/home/oracle/orcl_full_%U' database;
backup format '/home/oracle/orcl_full_stanctl_%U' current controlfile for standby;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

2.2.备端启动至nomount

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SQL> create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora';
SQL> startup nomount

2.3.恢复控制文件

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RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/home/oracle/orcl_full_stanctl_061vp2sb_1_1';
RMAN> alter database mount;

2.4.恢复数据文件

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RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/orcl_full_021vp2qu_1_1';
RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/orcl_full_031vp2qu_1_1';
RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/orcl_full_041vp2s7_1_1';
RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/orcl_full_051vp2s9_1_1';
RMAN> run {
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
restore database;
recover database;
release channel d1;
release channel d2;
}

三、只能mount同步，无法只读打开

3.1.备库开启同步

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SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

3.2.验证是否同步

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## 备库查询MRP0恢复进程应用块数
SQL> SELECT PROCESS,STATUS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS,DELAY_MINS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

PROCESS    STATUS     THREAD#  SEQUENCE# BLOCK# BLOCKS DELAY_MINS
------- ------------ --------- --------- ------ ------ ----------
DGRD    ALLOCATED        0        0        0      0        0
ARCH    CLOSING          1        34       1     342       0
DGRD    ALLOCATED        0        0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED        0        0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED        0        0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED        0        0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE             1        0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE             0        0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE             1        35      23      1        0
MRP0    APPLYING_LOG     1        35      23    102400     0

10 rows selected.

SQL> / 

PROCESS   STATUS    THREAD# SEQUENCE# BLOCK# BLOCKS DELAY_MINS
------- ----------- ------- --------- ------ ------ ----------
DGRD    ALLOCATED      0       0        0      0        0
ARCH    CLOSING        1       34       1     342       0
DGRD    ALLOCATED      0       0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED      0       0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED      0       0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED      0       0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE           1       0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE           0       0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE           1       35       27     1        0
MRP0    APPLYING_LOG   1       35       27   102400     0

10 rows selected.

SQL> /

PROCESS   STATUS   THREAD# SEQUENCE# BLOCK# BLOCKS DELAY_MINS
------- ---------- ------- --------- ------ ------ ----------
DGRD    ALLOCATED     0       0        0      0        0
ARCH    CLOSING       1       34       1     342       0
DGRD    ALLOCATED     0       0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED     0       0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED     0       0        0      0        0
ARCH    CONNECTED     0       0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE          1       0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE          0       0        0      0        0
RFS     IDLE          1       35      28      1        0
MRP0    APPLYING_LOG  1       35      28    102400     0

10 rows selected.

## 主库查询归档日志序列号
SQL> select max(sequence#),thread# from v$archived_log where RESETLOGS_CHANGE# = (SELECT RESETLOGS_CHANGE# FROM V$DATABASE_INCARNATION WHERE STATUS = 'CURRENT') GROUP BY THREAD#;

MAX(SEQUENCE#) THREAD#
-------------- -------
     34           1

## 备端查询归档日志序列号
SQL> select max(sequence#),thread# from v$archived_log where applied='YES' and RESETLOGS_CHANGE# = (SELECT RESETLOGS_CHANGE# FROM V$DATABASE_INCARNATION WHERE STATUS = 'CURRENT') GROUP BY THREAD#;

MAX(SEQUENCE#) THREAD#
-------------- -------
     33           1

## 检查alert日志是否正常
2023-06-27T16:44:48.145275+08:00
MRP0 (PID:24798): Media Recovery Waiting for T-1.S-36
2023-06-27T16:44:48.243077+08:00
 rfs (PID:24785): Selected LNO:4 for T-1.S-36 dbid 1668400254 branch 1140619521
2023-06-27T16:44:48.243519+08:00
ARC1 (PID:24769): Archived Log entry 5 added for T-1.S-35 ID 0x6371a37e LAD:1
2023-06-27T16:44:49.181453+08:00
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 4 Seq 36 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /oradata/orcldg/standby_redo04.log

## 备库应用是否存在延迟
SQL> select name,value from v$dataguard_stats;

NAME                     VALUE
--------------------- ------------
transport lag         +00 00:00:00
apply lag             +00 00:00:00
apply finish time
estimated startup time     5

四、主库创建测试表，备库升级后验证数据是否同步

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SQL> create user test identified by admin;

User created.

SQL> grant create session,resource to test;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn test/admin

Connected.

SQL> create table t1 (id number);

Table created.

SQL> insert into t1 values(1);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from t1;  

   ID
 ------
   1

五、备库进行故障转移

由于跨版本无法进行正常的主备切换，故采用故障转移的方式，将备库改为主库，进行升级操作。

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## 备库
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish;
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

## 升级模式打开数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup upgrade

六、开始升级

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## 切换后的新主库执行升级脚本
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
./dbupgrade
或
$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl catctl.pl catupgrd.sql

七、升级后打开数据库，验证同步数据

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## 启动数据库
SQL> startup
SQL> conn test/admin

Connected.

SQL> select * from t1;

 ID
-----
  1
  
升级后，数据正常，所以此方式可以作为升级迁移数据的一种方式。

八、部署过程中遇到的问题

8.1.不能使用rman duplicate方式复制主端数据库

因为主备端RMAN版本不一致造成此方式无法使用，报错现象如下：

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[oracle@dg-19 ~]$ rman target sys/admin@orcl auxiliary sys/admin@orcldg nocatalog

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Tue Jun 27 15:59:11 2023
Version 19.13.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-06429: TARGET database is not compatible with this version of RMAN
RMAN-06618: RMAN client and database version mismatch; indicated database version is 11.2.0.4

8.2.升级后用户无法登录的问题

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## 错误现象：
SQL> conn test/admin

ERROR:ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied

## 原因
Oracle 19c SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON参数对用户登录的影响：
（1）设置为FALSE，关闭密码大小写限制，会造成用户无法登录。
（2）设置为TRUE，开启密码大小写限制，用户登录正常。

## 解决方法
（1）alter system set sec_case_sensitive_logon=true;
（2）如Oracle 19c 需要开启关闭密码大小写限制。需要在sqlnet.ora 文件添加参数：
SQLNET.ALLOWED_LOGON_VERSION_SERVER=8。

然后重新设置用户密码：
SQL> alter user test identified by admin;
SQL> conn test/admin

Connected.

SQL> conn test/ADMIN

Connected.

也可登录成功。