Deployments

一个 Deployment 为 Pod 和 ReplicaSet 提供声明式的更新能力。

你负责描述 Deployment 中的目标状态 ，而 Deployment 控制器（Controller）以受控速率更改实际状态，使其变为期望状态。你可以定义 Deployment 以创建新的 ReplicaSet，或删除现有 Deployment，并通过新的 Deployment 收养其资源。

下面是一个 Deployment 示例。其中创建了一个 ReplicaSet，负责启动三个 nginx Pod：

yaml 复制代码

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

查看deployment的状态：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get deploy nginx-deployment -o wide
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
nginx-deployment   2/3     3            2           71s   nginx        nginx:1.14.2   app=nginx

要查看 Deployment 上线状态:

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout status deploy nginx-deployment
deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out

更新 Deployment

先来更新 nginx Pod 以使用 nginx:1.16.1 镜像，而不是 nginx:1.14.2 镜像。

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get deploy nginx-deployment -o wide
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
nginx-deployment   3/3     3            3           10m   nginx        nginx:1.14.2   app=nginx

#更新
root@k8s-master:~# kubectl set image deploy nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.16.1
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment image updated

查看上线状态:

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout status deployment nginx-deployment
deployment "nginx-deployment" successfully rolled out
root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment -o wide
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
nginx-deployment   3/3     3            3           13m   nginx        nginx:1.16.1   app=nginx
#看到版本已经变更为1.16.1

回滚 Deployment

有时，你可能想要回滚 Deployment；例如，当 Deployment 不稳定时（例如进入反复崩溃状态）。默认情况下，Deployment 的所有上线记录都保留在系统中，以便可以随时回滚（你可以通过修改修订历史记录限制来更改这一约束）。

假设你在更新 Deployment 时犯了一个拼写错误，将镜像名称命名设置为 nginx:1.161 而不是 nginx:1.16.1：
powershell 复制代码
```
root@k8s-master:~# kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.161
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment image updated
```

查看状态

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout status deployment nginx-deployment
Waiting for deployment "nginx-deployment" rollout to finish: 1 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...

检查 Deployment 上线历史

首先，检查 Deployment 修订历史：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         <none>
2         <none>
3         <none>

CHANGE-CAUSE 的内容是从 Deployment 的 kubernetes.io/change-cause 注解复制过来的。复制动作发生在修订版本创建时。你可以通过以下方式设置 CHANGE-CAUSE 消息：

使用 kubectl annotate deployment/nginx-deployment kubernetes.io/change-cause="image updated to 1.16.1" 为 Deployment 添加注解。
手动编辑资源的清单。

要查看修订历史的详细信息，运行：

powershell 复制代码

kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment --revision=2

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment --revision=2
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment with revision #2
Pod Template:
  Labels:       app=nginx
        pod-template-hash=559d658b74
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:      nginx:1.16.1
    Port:       80/TCP
    Host Port:  0/TCP
    Environment:        <none>
    Mounts:     <none>
  Volumes:      <none>

回滚到之前的修订版本

按照下面给出的步骤将 Deployment 从当前版本回滚到以前的版本（即版本 2）。

假定现在你已决定撤消当前上线并回滚到以前的修订版本:

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment rolled back

检查回滚是否成功以及 Deployment 是否正在运行，运行：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   3/3     3            3           13m

获取 Deployment 描述信息：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl describe deployment nginx-deployment
Name:                   nginx-deployment
Namespace:              default
CreationTimestamp:      Mon, 23 Oct 2023 16:17:23 +0800
Labels:                 app=nginx
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 4
Selector:               app=nginx
Replicas:               3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  app=nginx
  Containers:
   nginx:
    Image:        nginx:1.16.1
    Port:         80/TCP
    Host Port:    0/TCP
    Environment:  <none>
    Mounts:       <none>
  Volumes:        <none>
Conditions:
  Type           Status  Reason
  ----           ------  ------
  Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
  Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
OldReplicaSets:  <none>
NewReplicaSet:   nginx-deployment-559d658b74 (3/3 replicas created)
Events:
  Type    Reason             Age    From                   Message
  ----    ------             ----   ----                   -------
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  17m    deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 to 3
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  14m    deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-559d658b74 to 1
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  14m    deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 to 2
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  14m    deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-559d658b74 to 2
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  14m    deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 to 1
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  14m    deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-559d658b74 to 3
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  14m    deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-66b6c48dd5 to 0
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  12m    deployment-controller  Scaled up replica set nginx-deployment-66bc5d6c8 to 1
  Normal  ScalingReplicaSet  7m46s  deployment-controller  Scaled down replica set nginx-deployment-66bc5d6c8 to 0

版本已经回退到1.16.1

缩放 Deployment

你可以使用如下指令缩放 Deployment：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas=10
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment scaled

查看

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get deploy nginx-deployment
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   10/10   10           10          38m

暂停、恢复 Deployment 的上线过程

在你更新一个 Deployment 的时候，或者计划更新它的时候，你可以在触发一个或多个更新之前暂停 Deployment 的上线过程。当你准备应用这些变更时，你可以重新恢复 Deployment 上线过程。这样做使得你能够在暂停和恢复执行之间应用多个修补程序，而不会触发不必要的上线操作。

powershell 复制代码

#获取deploy信息
root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get deploy nginx-deployment
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   10/10   10           10          38m

使用如下指令暂停上线：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout pause deployment/nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment paused

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get deployment nginx-deployment -o wide
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES         SELECTOR
nginx-deployment   10/10   10           10          78m   nginx        nginx:1.16.1   app=nginx

查看变更历史：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         <none>
3         <none>
4         <none>

更新镜像：

powershell 复制代码

kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.16.2

查看历史(新上线没有被触发)：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         <none>
3         <none>
4         <none>

后续操作，如设置资源：

powershell 复制代码

kubectl set resources deployment/nginx-deployment -c=nginx --limits=cpu=200m,memory=512Mi

最终，恢复 Deployment 上线并观察新的 ReplicaSet 的创建过程，其中包含了所应用的所有更新：

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout resume deployment/nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment resumed

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl get deployments nginx-deployment
NAME               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-deployment   8/10    5            8           91m

powershell 复制代码

root@k8s-master:~# kubectl rollout history deployment nginx-deployment
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         <none>
3         <none>
4         <none>
5         <none>
#发布历史又出现了新的一条