Docker常用命令

在CentOS上安装Docker

bash 复制代码

//使用阿里云的镜像，不使用国外的(慢）
[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache fast
安装docker-ce(ce代表社区版，推荐使用这个版本）
[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
启动docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           24.0.6
 API version:       1.43
 Go version:        go1.20.7
 Git commit:        ed223bc
 Built:             Mon Sep  4 12:35:25 2023
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Context:           default

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          24.0.6
  API version:      1.43 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.20.7
  Git commit:       1a79695
  Built:            Mon Sep  4 12:34:28 2023
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.24
  GitCommit:        61f9fd88f79f081d64d6fa3bb1a0dc71ec870523
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.9
  GitCommit:        v1.1.9-0-gccaecfc
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0
[root@localhost ~]#

运行下载Docker镜像示例

bash 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally  //发现本地没有镜像，于是去Docker Hub上查找下载。
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
719385e32844: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:88ec0acaa3ec199d3b7eaf73588f4518c25f9d34f58ce9a0df68429c5af48e8d
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
（---省略-----）
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
（---省略-----）

// 查看镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    9c7a54a9a43c   5 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]#

docker帮助命令

bash 复制代码

docker version     #显示Docker版本信息。
docker info          #显示 Docker系统信息，包括镜像和容器数。。
docker --he1p     #帮助

Docker镜像命令

bash 复制代码

docker images 
docker images --digests
docker search mysql
docker search mysql --filter=stars=50   #列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest   #不写tag，默认使用latest，然后会进行分层下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7   #指定版本下载
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
docker rmi -f 镜像id   				 #删除单个
docker rmi -f 镜像名:tag 镜像名:tag   #删除多个  
$(docker images -qa)				 #删除全部

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         5.7       3b85be0b10d3   2 months ago   581MB
mysql         latest    ae2502152260   2 months ago   574MB
hello-world   latest    9c7a54a9a43c   5 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 9c7a54a9a43c  #根据ID删除
#或者可用下面命令删除
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world  #删除hello-world镜像（latest)

docker容器命令

docker run 镜像id #新建容器并启动

docker ps 列出所有运行的容器

docker container list

docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器

docker start 容器id #启动容器

docker restart 容器id #重启容器

docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器

docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器

docker run常用参数

--name 给容器指定一个名字

-d 后台方式运行容器

-i 以交互模式运行容器，和-t一起起作用

-t 给容器重新分配一个终端

-P 随机端口映射（大写）

-p 指定端口映射（小结），一般可以有四种写法

启动并进入窗口测试

bash 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos  #需要镜像运行容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash   #启动并进入容器
[root@23108d3b9071 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@23108d3b9071 /]# 
[root@23108d3b9071 /]# exit   #退出容器
exit
[root@localhost ~]#    
[root@localhost ~]# cd ..
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# docker ps  #查看当前运行的容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a   #查看所有运行的容器（当前+历史）
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
23108d3b9071   centos        "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago    Exited (0) 3 minutes ago              ecstatic_lamport
699504c6c586   hello-world   "/hello"      41 minutes ago   Exited (0) 41 minutes ago             practical_yalow
c5c0a2894d35   hello-world   "/hello"      18 hours ago     Exited (0) 18 hours ago               relaxed_herschel
2f3bb0597c74   hello-world   "/hello"      18 hours ago     Exited (0) 18 hours ago               practical_hugle
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a -n=2   #最近运行的2个容器
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
23108d3b9071   centos        "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago    Exited (0) 6 minutes ago              ecstatic_lamport
699504c6c586   hello-world   "/hello"      44 minutes ago   Exited (0) 43 minutes ago             practical_yalow
[root@localhost /]# 
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -aq  #显示所有窗口的编号（当前+历史）
23108d3b9071
699504c6c586
c5c0a2894d35
2f3bb0597c74
[root@localhost /]#

退出容器

exit 退出容器

ctrl+ p + q 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除，加-f

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 强制删除所有容器

docker ps -a -q| xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器

bash 复制代码

[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
23108d3b9071   centos        "/bin/bash"   20 minutes ago   Exited (0) 17 minutes ago             ecstatic_lamport
699504c6c586   hello-world   "/hello"      55 minutes ago   Exited (0) 55 minutes ago             practical_yalow
c5c0a2894d35   hello-world   "/hello"      18 hours ago     Exited (0) 18 hours ago               relaxed_herschel
2f3bb0597c74   hello-world   "/hello"      18 hours ago     Exited (0) 18 hours ago               practical_hugle
[root@localhost /]# docker rm 699504c6c586   # 删除指定容器
699504c6c586
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
23108d3b9071   centos        "/bin/bash"   20 minutes ago   Exited (0) 18 minutes ago             ecstatic_lamport
c5c0a2894d35   hello-world   "/hello"      18 hours ago     Exited (0) 18 hours ago               relaxed_herschel
2f3bb0597c74   hello-world   "/hello"      18 hours ago     Exited (0) 18 hours ago               practical_hugle
[root@localhost /]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  # 强制删除所有容器
23108d3b9071
c5c0a2894d35
2f3bb0597c74
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost /]#

其它常用命令

bash 复制代码

#后台启动容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d  centos
3a41c5c7c5318213566fb95a7f5f9107004bc1fc04a55cb2adbaeedf5b588924
#问题：此时docker ps查看正在运行的容器，发现容器已经退出了
#原因：容器后台运行，必须有一个前台进程，docker如果发现容器没有应用，会自动停止

#自己编写一段shell脚本运行
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 5;done"
6e0438f439df5642bd1f1404ccbb1fba770b287b83033bf66bca480847c76e64
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
6e0438f439df   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t..."   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds             thirsty_raman
655524a70ae2   centos    "/bin/bash"               9 minutes ago   Up 9 minutes             hardcore_sutherland
#查看日志
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 5 6e0438f439df     #显示5条
2023-10-22T09:01:01.113510715Z kuangshen
2023-10-22T09:01:06.125281297Z kuangshen
2023-10-22T09:01:11.133929316Z kuangshen
2023-10-22T09:01:16.141564794Z kuangshen
2023-10-22T09:01:21.147913613Z kuangshen
2023-10-22T09:01:26.155296321Z kuangshen
2023-10-22T09:01:31.163129003Z kuangshen
^C  #显示5条后，会继续打印最新的日志
[root@localhost ~]# 


#查看容器的进程信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 6e0438f439df
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                79550               79530               0                   17:00               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 5;done
root                80114               79550               0                   17:21               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 5
[root@localhost ~]# 

#查看容器/镜像的元数据
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 6e0438f439df
[
    {
        "Id": "6e0438f439df5642bd1f1404ccbb1fba770b287b83033bf66bca480847c76e64",
        "Created": "2023-10-22T09:00:55.352842039Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 5;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 79550,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2023-10-22T09:00:56.10670108Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6e0438f439df5642bd1f1404ccbb1fba770b287b83033bf66bca480847c76e64/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6e0438f439df5642bd1f1404ccbb1fba770b287b83033bf66bca480847c76e64/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6e0438f439df5642bd1f1404ccbb1fba770b287b83033bf66bca480847c76e64/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/6e0438f439df5642bd1f1404ccbb1fba770b287b83033bf66bca480847c76e64/6e0438f439df5642bd1f1404ccbb1fba770b287b83033bf66bca480847c76e64-json.log",
        "Name": "/thirsty_raman",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "ConsoleSize": [
                24,
                206
            ],
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": [],
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": [],
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7a4b9fcf88380102068108275cd65dc3d35047ffbe309ef1c306e947af15de9-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0003c65765408dd1a5dced26a12a96ebc378ece0910600d984e3c07d74e120de/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7a4b9fcf88380102068108275cd65dc3d35047ffbe309ef1c306e947af15de9/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7a4b9fcf88380102068108275cd65dc3d35047ffbe309ef1c306e947af15de9/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f7a4b9fcf88380102068108275cd65dc3d35047ffbe309ef1c306e947af15de9/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "6e0438f439df",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo kuangshen;sleep 5;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "28f0dbd011e8b73eef5f61c77cd53bdc62e69e429eb20a71223f4d8c270c624f",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/28f0dbd011e8",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "9ace90139e4cb8f17abf4c6a4934ca870a8a8423734072d4c652433333fd90af",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "1ef6b34989f7dd4a3925baa2054986c7cf9fa1716c1cd9c4fa582715cca8ac92",
                    "EndpointID": "9ace90139e4cb8f17abf4c6a4934ca870a8a8423734072d4c652433333fd90af",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@localhost ~]#

进入当前容器

bash 复制代码

#进入当前容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                   CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
6e0438f439df   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t..."   24 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes             thirsty_raman
655524a70ae2   centos    "/bin/bash"               33 minutes ago   Up 33 minutes             hardcore_sutherland
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 6e0438f439df /bin/bash
[root@6e0438f439df /]# 

3f283ce12aa6

docker exec    #进入窗口开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
docker attach  #进入容器正在执行的的终端，不会启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

bash 复制代码

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED       STATUS       PORTS     NAMES
8e48d5cb1850   centos    "/bin/bash"   5 hours ago   Up 5 hours             charming_ramanujan
[root@localhost ~]# 
#进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 8e48d5cb1850
[root@8e48d5cb1850 /]# cd /home
[root@8e48d5cb1850 home]# ls
[root@8e48d5cb1850 home]# touch test.java
[root@8e48d5cb1850 home]# ls
test.java
[root@8e48d5cb1850 home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
ldsinfo
#拷贝操作（从容器里向主机/home位置拷贝）
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 8e48d5cb1850:/home/test.java /home
                                               Successfully copied 1.54kB to /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
ldsinfo  test.java
[root@localhost home]#

链接
Docker常用命令总结