背景
在 ARM 架构下，UOS 系统，需要使用 Qt 5.15.2 版本环境，所以只能通过源码编译的形式进行 Qt 环境的部署。
软硬件相关信息：
- 处理器: 飞腾 FT-2000 4 核
- 制造商: Phytium
- 架构: aarch 64
- 家族: ARMv 8
- 系统：UOS V 20 1060
- 内核：4.19.0-arm 64-desktop
下载 Qt、Qtcreator 源码
这里选择的是国内的镜像地址进行下载源码。
Qt 5.15.2： http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/qtproject/archive/qt/5.15/5.15.2/single/
Qt Creator： http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/qtproject/archive/qtcreator/
需要注意的是，QtCreator 的版本要和 Qt 大版本对应。比如，Qtcreator 11 版本采用 Qt 6 编译，如果你下载的 Qt 源码是 Qt 5 版本的，那么编译时，会找不到 Qt 6 相关的 cmake 文件，无法进行编译。是否适合当前版本，可以通过 qt-creator-opensource-src 里的 README.md 中介绍确定对应的版本。
下载完成后，使用 tar 命令进行解压
bash
tar -zxvf qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2.tar.xz
tar -zxvf qt-creator-opensource-src-7.0.2.tar.gz环境配置
安装 Qt 所需的依赖：
bash
sudo apt install build-essential libgl1-mesa-dev libxkbcommon-dev libnss3-dev libdbus-1-dev gperf flex bison安装 xcb 相关：
bash
sudo apt-get install '^libxcb.*-dev' libx11-xcb-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libxrender-dev libxi-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev这一步比较关键，因为涉及到编译之后有 libqxcb.so，如果缺失会导致错误。
如果需要使用到 QWebEngine 模块，那么需要安装以下依赖库：
bash
sudo apt install libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxrandr-dev libxtst-dev libxss-dev libdbus-1-dev libevent-dev libfontconfig1-dev libcap-dev libpulse-dev libudev-dev libpci-dev libnss3-dev libasound2-dev libegl1-mesa-dev gperf bison nodejs编译 Qt
进入解压后的 qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2 目录，开始配置：
bash
./configure -prefix /home/leo/Qt -opensource -confirm-license -nomake examples -release-prefix /home/leo/Qt: 指定 Qt 的安装路径-opensource: 指定使用开源版本-nomake examples: 不编译 examples-release: release 模式
这个步骤会检查相关的库是否存在，若不存在则将缺少的安装。
安装完缺失的依赖库后，记得先删除 config.cache 缓存文件。
或者使用脚本运行，创建 run.sh 脚本：
sh
#! /bin/bash
./configure -prefix /home/leo/Qt/5 \
-opensource -confirm-license \
-nomake examples \
-nomake tests \
-release \
-skip qt3d \
-skip qtcharts \
-skip qtandroidextras \
-skip qtlocation \
-skip qtmultimedia \
-skip qtsensors \
-skip qtserialbus \
-skip qtserialport \
-skip qtwayland可以指定跳过编译哪些模块以加快编译速度
开始编译：
bash
make此过程示机器性能不同，时长不同。
在编译过程中，可能会遇到一些依赖问题，需要根据实际情况进行解决。
当编译完成后，即可安装了
bash
make install输出信息：
cd doc/src/cmake/ && ( test -e Makefile || /data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/bin/qmake -o Makefile /data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtdoc/doc/src/cmake/cmake.pro ) && make -f Makefile install
make[2]: 进入目录"/data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtdoc/doc/src/cmake"
make[2]: 对"install"无需做任何事。
make[2]: 离开目录"/data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtdoc/doc/src/cmake"
cd doc/ && ( test -e Makefile || /data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtbase/bin/qmake -o Makefile /data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtdoc/doc/doc.pro ) && make -f Makefile install
make[2]: 进入目录"/data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtdoc/doc"
make[2]: 对"install"无需做任何事。
make[2]: 离开目录"/data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtdoc/doc"
make[1]: 离开目录"/data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtdoc"
会安装到 /home/leo/Qt 路径下，安装完之后可查看结果。
编译 Qt Creator
编译 Qt Creator 则可使用 cmake 工具进行编译：
bash
cd qt-creator-opensource-src
cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/home/leo/Qt -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator
cmake --build build --target=install输出信息：
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/avddialog.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/avdmanageroutputparser.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/certificatesmodel.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/createandroidmanifestwizard.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/javaeditor.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/javaindenter.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/javalanguageserver.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/javaparser.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/splashscreencontainerwidget.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/splashscreenwidget.cpp.o
[100%] Building CXX object src/plugins/android/CMakeFiles/Android.dir/Android_autogen/EWIEGA46WW/qrc_android.cpp.o
[100%] Linking CXX shared library ../../../lib/qtcreator/plugins/libAutoTest.so
[100%] Built target AutoTest
[100%] Linking CXX shared library ../../../lib/qtcreator/plugins/libAndroid.so
[100%] Built target Android
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/qtcreator/translations/qtcreator_hr.qm
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/qtcreator/translations/qtcreator_ja.qm
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/qtcreator/translations/qtcreator_pl.qm
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/qtcreator/translations/qtcreator_ru.qm
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/qtcreator/translations/qtcreator_sl.qm
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/qtcreator/translations/qtcreator_uk.qm
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/qtcreator/translations/qtcreator_zh_CN.qm
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/qtcreator/translations/qtcreator_zh_TW.qm
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/applications
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/applications/org.qt-project.qtcreator.desktop
-- Installing: /home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/share/metainfo/org.qt-project.qtcreator.appdata.xml
看到以上信息，则表示安装完成。
bash
leo@leo-PC:/data/home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/bin$ ./qtcreator
./qtcreator: relocation error: /data/home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/bin/../lib/qtcreator/libUtils.so.7: symbol _ZNK11QPushButton9hitButtonERK6QPoint version Qt_5 not defined in file libQt5Widgets.so.5 with link time reference前往安装目录运行会提示以上错误。
配置 Qt 环境：
bash
leo@leo-PC:~$ vim ~/.bashrc 在尾部加入以下内容：
export QTDIR=/home/leo/Qt/5.15.2
export PATH=$QTDIR/bin:$PATH
export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=$QTDIR/plugins/platforms
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
刷新，qmake 测试
leo@leo-PC:~$ source ~/.bashrc
leo@leo-PC:~$ qmake -v
QMake version 3.1
Using Qt version 5.15.2 in /home/leo/Qt/5.15.2/lib
能看到输出的版本信息，则说明配置成功。
错误解决
WARNING: gperf is required to build QWebEngine.
解决方法：
bash
sudo apt-get install gperfWARNING: flex is required to build QWebEngine.
解决方法：
bash
sudo apt-get install flexWARNING: bison is required to build QWebEngine.
解决方法：
bash
sudo apt-get install bisonXCB Util >= 0.3.9... no
https://www.x.org/releases/individual/xcb/ 下载大于 0.3.9 的版本，我这里下载的是 xcb-util-0.4.1. tar. gz，解压并进入文件夹
bash
./configure
make
sudo make install再次执行 Qt 的 configure 命令，可以看到变成了 Yes
编译错误处理
Package nss was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `nss.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'nss' found
Could not run pkg-config.
解决方法：
bash
sudo apt install libnss3-devERROR at //build/config/linux/pkg_config.gni:103:17: Script returned non-zero exit code.
pkgresult = exec_script(pkg_config_script, args, "value")
^----------
Current dir: /data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtwebengine/src/pdf/release/
Command: /usr/bin/python2 /data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtwebengine/src/3rdparty/chromium/build/config/linux/pkg-config.py -p pkg-config dbus-1
Returned 1.
stderr:
Package dbus-1 was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `dbus-1.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'dbus-1' found
Could not run pkg-config.
See //build/config/linux/dbus/BUILD.gn:12:1: whence it was called.
pkg_config("dbus") {
^-------------------
See //dbus/BUILD.gn:45:22: which caused the file to be included.
public_configs = [ "//build/config/linux/dbus" ]
^--------------------------
Project ERROR: GN run error!
解决方法：
bash
sudo apt install libdbus-1-devERROR at //build/config/linux/pkg_config.gni:103:17: Script returned non-zero exit code.
pkgresult = exec_script(pkg_config_script, args, "value")
^----------
Current dir: /data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtwebengine/src/pdf/release/
Command: /usr/bin/python2 /data/home/leo/Documents/qt-everywhere-src-5.15.2/qtwebengine/src/3rdparty/chromium/build/config/linux/pkg-config.py -p pkg-config xkbcommon
Returned 1.
stderr:
Package xkbcommon was not found in the pkg-config search path.
Perhaps you should add the directory containing `xkbcommon.pc'
to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
No package 'xkbcommon' found
Could not run pkg-config.
See //ui/events/keycodes/BUILD.gn:12:3: whence it was called.
pkg_config("xkbcommon") {
^------------------------
See //ui/events/ozone/layout/BUILD.gn:42:15: which caused the file to be included.
deps += [ "//ui/events/keycodes:xkb" ]
^-------------------------
Project ERROR: GN run error!
解决方法：
bash
sudo apt install libxkbcommon-devFAILED: obj/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/jidctfst-neon.o
/usr/bin/gcc -MMD -MF obj/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/jidctfst-neon.o.d -DUSE_UDEV -DUSE_AURA=1 -DUSE_NSS_CERTS=1 -DUSE_OZONE=1 -DOFFICIAL_BUILD -DTOOLKIT_QT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -DNO_UNWIND_TABLES -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -DNDEBUG -DNVALGRIND -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=0 -I../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo -Igen -I../../3rdparty/chromium -fno-strict-aliasing --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -fstack-protector -fno-unwind-tables -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fPIC -pipe -pthread -Wall -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wno-unused-local-typedefs -Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -Wno-comments -Wno-packed-not-aligned -Wno-dangling-else -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-unused-parameter -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g0 -fvisibility=hidden -O3 -fno-ident -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -std=gnu11 -c ../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c -o obj/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/jidctfst-neon.o
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c: In function 'jsimd_idct_ifast_neon':
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:87:28: error: incompatible types when initializing type 'int64_t' {aka 'long int'} using type 'int64x1_t'
int64_t left_ac_bitmap = vreinterpret_s64_s16(vget_low_s16(bitmap));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:88:29: error: incompatible types when initializing type 'int64_t' {aka 'long int'} using type 'int64x1_t'
int64_t right_ac_bitmap = vreinterpret_s64_s16(vget_high_s16(bitmap));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:408:29: note: use -flax-vector-conversions to permit conversions between vectors with differing element types or numbers of subparts
vaddq_s8(cols_01_s8, vdupq_n_u8(CENTERJSAMPLE)));
^~~~~~~~
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:408:50: error: incompatible type for argument 2 of 'vaddq_s8'
vaddq_s8(cols_01_s8, vdupq_n_u8(CENTERJSAMPLE)));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from ../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/8/include/arm_neon.h:723:36: note: expected 'int8x16_t' but argument is of type 'uint8x16_t'
vaddq_s8 (int8x16_t __a, int8x16_t __b)
~~~~~~~~~~^~~
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:410:50: error: incompatible type for argument 2 of 'vaddq_s8'
vaddq_s8(cols_45_s8, vdupq_n_u8(CENTERJSAMPLE)));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from ../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/8/include/arm_neon.h:723:36: note: expected 'int8x16_t' but argument is of type 'uint8x16_t'
vaddq_s8 (int8x16_t __a, int8x16_t __b)
~~~~~~~~~~^~~
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:412:50: error: incompatible type for argument 2 of 'vaddq_s8'
vaddq_s8(cols_23_s8, vdupq_n_u8(CENTERJSAMPLE)));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from ../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/8/include/arm_neon.h:723:36: note: expected 'int8x16_t' but argument is of type 'uint8x16_t'
vaddq_s8 (int8x16_t __a, int8x16_t __b)
~~~~~~~~~~^~~
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:414:50: error: incompatible type for argument 2 of 'vaddq_s8'
vaddq_s8(cols_67_s8, vdupq_n_u8(CENTERJSAMPLE)));
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from ../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jidctfst-neon.c:31:
/usr/lib/gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/8/include/arm_neon.h:723:36: note: expected 'int8x16_t' but argument is of type 'uint8x16_t'
vaddq_s8 (int8x16_t __a, int8x16_t __b)
~~~~~~~~~~^~~
[5/547] /usr/bin/gcc -MMD -MF obj/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/jdsample-neon.o.d -DUSE_UDEV -DUSE_AURA=1 -DUSE_NSS_CERTS=1 -DUSE_OZONE=1 -DOFFICIAL_BUILD -DTOOLKIT_QT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -DNO_UNWIND_TABLES -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -DNDEBUG -DNVALGRIND -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=0 -I../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo -Igen -I../../3rdparty/chromium -fno-strict-aliasing --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -fstack-protector -fno-unwind-tables -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fPIC -pipe -pthread -Wall -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wno-unused-local-typedefs -Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -Wno-comments -Wno-packed-not-aligned -Wno-dangling-else -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-unused-parameter -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g0 -fvisibility=hidden -O3 -fno-ident -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -std=gnu11 -c ../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jdsample-neon.c -o obj/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/jdsample-neon.o
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jdsample-neon.c: In function 'jsimd_h2v1_upsample_neon':
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jdsample-neon.c:507:36: warning: missing braces around initializer [-Wmissing-braces]
uint8x16x2_t output_pixels = { samples, samples };
^
{ }
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jdsample-neon.c: In function 'jsimd_h2v2_upsample_neon':
../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/simd/arm/common/jdsample-neon.c:548:36: warning: missing braces around initializer [-Wmissing-braces]
uint8x16x2_t output_pixels = { samples, samples };
^
{ }
[6/547] /usr/bin/gcc -MMD -MF obj/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/libjpeg/jdcolor.o.d -DWITH_SIMD -DNO_GETENV -DUSE_UDEV -DUSE_AURA=1 -DUSE_NSS_CERTS=1 -DUSE_OZONE=1 -DOFFICIAL_BUILD -DTOOLKIT_QT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -DNO_UNWIND_TABLES -D__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS -DNDEBUG -DNVALGRIND -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=0 -Igen -I../../3rdparty/chromium -I../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo -fno-strict-aliasing --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -fstack-protector -fno-unwind-tables -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fPIC -pipe -pthread -Wall -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wno-unused-local-typedefs -Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -Wno-comments -Wno-packed-not-aligned -Wno-dangling-else -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-unused-parameter -O2 -fno-ident -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -fno-omit-frame-pointer -g0 -fvisibility=hidden -std=gnu11 -c ../../3rdparty/chromium/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/jdcolor.c -o obj/third_party/libjpeg_turbo/libjpeg/jdcolor.o
ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
解决方法：
这个错误是由于 QWebengine 模块的 chromium 包含的 third_party 里第三方库 libjpeg_turbo 在 ARM 下的兼容问题，可以逐个对比 GitHub 的代码修改错误，也可以尝试将最新的 libjpeg_turbo 源文件覆盖。
leo@leo-PC:/data/home/leo/Qt/Tool/QtCreator/bin$ ./qtcreator
qt.qpa.plugin: Could not find the Qt platform plugin "xcb" in "/home/leo/Qt/5.15.2/plugins/platforms"
This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.
Available platform plugins are: linuxfb (from /home/leo/Qt/5.15.2/plugins/platforms), minimal (from /home/leo/Qt/5.15.2/plugins/platforms), offscreen (from /home/leo/Qt/5.15.2/plugins/platforms), vnc (from /home/leo/Qt/5.15.2/plugins/platforms), webgl (from /home/leo/Qt/5.15.2/plugins/platforms), linuxfb, minimal, offscreen, vnc, webgl.
已放弃
查看 /home/leo/Qt/5.15.2/plugins/platforms 安装目录下是否有 libqxcb.so 库，如果没有，则说明源码编译不完整。
需要安装 xcb 相关的库
bash
sudo apt-get install '^libxcb.*-dev' libx11-xcb-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libxrender-dev libxi-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev然后重新编译尝试。
总结
以上便是在 ARM 架构平台的 Linux 系统上编译 Qt 整个过程，在编译过程中，需要特别注意的便是依赖库的完整性，如果缺失一些依赖库，Qt 并不会直接报错，编译之后才发现缺失依赖库，有的组件用不了。尤其是 libqxcb.so 库，最开始编译的时候，没用生成它，导致程序无法启动。
所以要特别留意 ./configure 那一步，Qt 会检测相关的环境及依赖库。
https://doc.qt.io/qt-6/linux-requirements.html
https://doc.qt.io/qt-5.15/linux-building.html
https://blog.csdn.net/luoyayun361/article/details/118395262