Ubuntu20.04降低linux版本到5.4.0-26-generic

大海里的猴儿2023-12-16 15:16

前言

  • 试用ubuntu20.04安装昇腾的驱动和cann的时，出现如下问题：
log 复制代码 
(base) root@ubuntu:/home/work# ./Ascend-hdk-910-npu-driver_23.0.rc3_linux-aarch64.run --full
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND DRIVER RUN PACKAGE  100%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [INFO]Start time: 2023-12-11 08:07:46
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [INFO]base version is none.
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:46] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:47] [INFO]set username and usergroup, HwHiAiUser:HwHiAiUser
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:49] [INFO]driver install type: DKMS
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:49] [INFO]upgradePercentage:10%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:54] [INFO]upgradePercentage:30%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:07:54] [INFO]upgradePercentage:40%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:09:56] [ERROR]Dkms install failed, details in : /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:09:56] [ERROR]Driver_ko_install failed, details in : /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:09:56] [INFO]Failed to install driver package, please retry after uninstall and reboot!
[Driver] [2023-12-11 08:09:56] [INFO]End time: 2023-12-11 08:09:56

大概率是内核版本不对导致。目前昇腾的底层驱动和应用程序的配套如下图所示：

使用uname -r 命令查看当前的内核版本

shell 复制代码 
root@ubuntu:~# uname -r
5.4.0-169-generic

不满足5.4.0-26-generic的要求，如果强行安装驱动，会出现第一步的报错问题。

安装内核

  • 首先使用如下命令安装内核：
shell 复制代码 
apt-get install linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic
  • 使用命令： dpkg --get-selections | grep linux- 查看已经安装的内核：
shell 复制代码 
linux-base                                      install
linux-firmware                                  install
linux-generic                                   install
linux-headers-5.4.0-169                         install
linux-headers-5.4.0-169-generic                 install
linux-headers-5.4.0-26                          install  #已安装
linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic                  install
linux-headers-generic                           install
linux-image-5.4.0-169-generic                   install
linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic                    install  #已安装
linux-image-generic                             install
linux-modules-5.4.0-169-generic                 install
linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic                  install  #已安装
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-169-generic           install
  • 设置不更新该版本的内核：
    希望以后不再更新内核，则使用命令将此内核锁住，保证以后不再自动升级内核
    命令：apt-mark hold linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic
    结果：
shell 复制代码 
root@ubuntu:~# dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-
linux-base                                      install
linux-firmware                                  install
linux-generic                                   install
linux-headers-5.4.0-169                         install
linux-headers-5.4.0-169-generic                 install
linux-headers-5.4.0-26                          install
linux-headers-5.4.0-26-generic                  hold  # hold
linux-headers-generic                           install
linux-image-5.4.0-169-generic                   install
linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic                    hold
linux-image-generic                             install
linux-modules-5.4.0-169-generic                 install
linux-modules-5.4.0-26-generic                  hold
linux-modules-extra-5.4.0-169-generic           install

修改启动项

  • 使用命令grep 'menuentry' /boot/grub/grub.cfg 查看现有已安装的内核
    结果：
shell 复制代码 
root@ubuntu:~# grep 'menuentry' /boot/grub/grub.cfg
if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
  menuentry_id_option=""
export menuentry_id_option
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-169-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-169-generic-advanced-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-169-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-169-generic-recovery-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {
       $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-26-generic-advanced-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-5.4.0-26-generic-recovery-64b5492d-6f43-4560-9d6e-0ada8fb69264' {
menuentry 'Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (20.04) (on /dev/sdb2)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (20.04) (on /dev/sdb2)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {
        menuentry 'Ubuntu (on /dev/sdb2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-169-generic--0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-169-generic (on /dev/sdb2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-169-generic--0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {
        menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-169-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sdb2)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-169-generic-root=UUID=0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6 ro recovery nomodeset-0eb7b5f0-729d-4b4c-8ed7-48b8e6189ed6' {
menuentry 'UEFI Firmware Settings' $menuentry_id_option 'uefi-firmware' {
root@ubuntu:~#

查到从menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os ，获取到'Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic

  • 修改启动项
    打开 vi /etc/default/grub
shell 复制代码 
# GRUB_DEFAULT=0 # 注释这行
GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic" # Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-26-generic由上一个查出的
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
  • 更新grub设置
    执行命令：update-grub
    结果：
shell 复制代码 
root@ubuntu:~# sudo update-grub
\Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-169-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-169-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic ## 这行执行成功
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-26-generic ## 这行成功
Found Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (20.04) on /dev/sdb2
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings
done

安装昇腾驱动和CANN包

相关下载网站：

昇腾社区：www.hiascend.com

驱动下载：https://www.hiascend.com/hardware/firmware-drivers

CANN下载：https://www.hiascend.com/software/cann

CANN安装指导文档：https://www.hiascend.com/document/detail/zh/CANNCommunityEdition/700alpha001/softwareinstall/instg/instg_000021.html

清华软件源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/miniconda/ # 下载开源的依赖软件（python）

1、安装依赖环境

软件环境依赖安装：

shell 复制代码 
apt-get install -y gcc g++ make cmake zlib1g zlib1g-dev openssl libsqlite3-dev libssl-dev libffi-dev libbz2-dev libxslt1-dev unzip pciutils net-tools libblas-dev gfortran libblas3 

apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx

2、按住Python3.9.x

shell 复制代码 
# 执行下载的miniconda脚本进行安装：
bash ./Miniconda3-py39_23.9.0-0-Linux-aarch64.sh

安装python依赖：

shell 复制代码 
pip3 install attrs pandas numpy decorator sympy cffi pyyaml pathlib2 psutil protobuf scipy requests absl-py pyyaml opencv-python setuptools -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

3、安装HwHiAiUser用户

在命令行分别执行如下命令：

shell 复制代码 
groupadd HwHiAiUser
useradd -g HwHiAiUser -d /home/HwHiAiUser -m HwHiAiUser -s /bin/bash

4、安装驱动

shell 复制代码 
bash ./Ascend-hdk-910-npu-driver_23.0.rc3_linux-aarch64.run --full

安装成功提示：

shell 复制代码 
(base) root@ubuntu:/home/work/dri# bash ./Ascend-hdk-910-npu-driver_23.0.rc3_linux-aarch64.run --full
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND DRIVER RUN PACKAGE  100%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [INFO]Start time: 2023-12-11 15:08:52
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:52] [INFO]set username and usergroup, HwHiAiUser:HwHiAiUser
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:54] [INFO]driver install type: Direct
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:54] [INFO]upgradePercentage:10%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:59] [INFO]upgradePercentage:30%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:08:59] [INFO]upgradePercentage:40%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:01] [INFO]upgradePercentage:90%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:01] [INFO]Waiting for device startup...
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:08] [INFO]Device startup success
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:18] [INFO]upgradePercentage:100%
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:18] [INFO]Driver package installed successfully! The new version takes effect immediately.
[Driver] [2023-12-11 15:09:18] [INFO]End time: 2023-12-11 15:09:18

5、安装固件

shell 复制代码 
bash ./Ascend-hdk-910-npu-firmware_7.0.0.5.242.run --full

安装成功提示：

shell 复制代码 
Verifying archive integrity...  100%   SHA256 checksums are OK. All good.
Uncompressing ASCEND-HDK-910-NPU FIRMWARE RUN PACKAGE  100%
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:34] [INFO]Start time: 2023-12-11 15:09:34
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:34] [INFO]LogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/ascend_install.log
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:34] [INFO]OperationLogFile: /var/log/ascend_seclog/operation.log
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:34] [WARNING]Do not power off or restart the system during the installation/upgrade
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:38] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 0%
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:46] [INFO]upgradePercentage: 100%
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:46] [INFO]The firmware of [1] chips are successfully upgraded.
[Firmware] [2023-12-11 15:09:47] [INFO]Firmware package installed successfully! Reboot now or after driver installation for the installation/upgrade to take effect.

6、安装CANN

shell 复制代码 
bash Ascend-cann-toolkit_7.0.0.alpha002_linux-aarch64.run --install --install-for-all

7、环境变量配置

配置vi /root/.bashrc 最后一行加入：

shell 复制代码 
source /usr/local/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/set_env.sh
export LD_PRELOAD=/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libGLdispatch.so.0

8、安装kernel-opp算子包

shell 复制代码 
bash Ascend-cann-kernel_7.0.0.alpha002_linux-aarch64.run --install --install-for-all

安装MindSpore框架

参考：mindspore.cn官网进行安装；

相关推荐
东风西巷19 小时前
Balabolka：免费高效的文字转语音软件
前端·人工智能·学习·语音识别·软件需求
非门由也19 小时前
《sklearn机器学习——管道和复合估计器》联合特征（FeatureUnion）
人工智能·机器学习·sklearn
l12345sy19 小时前
Day21_【机器学习—决策树（1）—信息增益、信息增益率、基尼系数】
人工智能·决策树·机器学习·信息增益·信息增益率·基尼指数
非门由也19 小时前
《sklearn机器学习——管道和复合估算器》异构数据的列转换器
人工智能·机器学习·sklearn
计算机毕业设计指导19 小时前
基于ResNet50的智能垃圾分类系统
人工智能·分类·数据挖掘
飞哥数智坊19 小时前
终端里用 Claude Code 太难受？我把它接进 TRAE，真香!
人工智能·claude·trae
小王爱学人工智能20 小时前
OpenCV的阈值处理
人工智能·opencv·计算机视觉
新智元20 小时前
刚刚，光刻机巨头 ASML 杀入 AI！豪掷 15 亿押注「欧版 OpenAI」，成最大股东
人工智能·openai
机器之心20 小时前
全球图生视频榜单第一，爱诗科技PixVerse V5如何改变一亿用户的视频创作
人工智能·openai
新智元20 小时前
2025年了，AI还看不懂时钟！90%人都能答对，顶尖AI全军覆没
人工智能·openai
热门推荐
012025 年高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛C 题 NIPT 的时点选择与胎儿的异常判定 完整成品思路模型代码分享，全网首发高质量！！！022025年数学建模国赛C题超详细解题思路03UV安装并设置国内源04不再让Windows更新！&Edge游戏助手卸载及关闭自动更新05A股预测还能更准？开源大模型Kronos带你跑通预测+回测全流程062025全国大学生数学建模C题保姆级思路模型（持续更新）：NIPT 的时点选择与胎儿的异常判定07KGG转MP3工具|非KGM文件|解密音频08解决 WSL Ubuntu 中 /etc/resolv.conf 自动重置问题092025高教社杯国赛数学建模选题建议+初步分析10教你如何认证 Gemini 教育优惠的二次验证，薅个 1年的 Gemini Pro 会员