在之前的一篇文章中我介绍了如何用Jetpack compose来开发一个Android的Wifi信号测量应用,使得可以根据室内不同地点的Wifi信号来生成指纹,用于室内导航,详情可见Jetpack Compose开发一个Android WiFi信号测量应用-CSDN博客。但是Jetpack compose只能用于开发Android应用,如果我们要开发ios应用,需要用其他的框架来重写代码。
Flutter是一个Google推出的一个跨平台的UI框架,可以快速在iOS和Android上构建高质量的原生用户界面,实现一套代码同时适配Android, ios, macos, window, linux等多个系统。为此我决定用Flutter来重构之前写的应用,实现一个跨平台的Wifi信号测量应用。
应用架构
这个应用比较简单,包括了两个页面,第一个页面是让用户输入当前室内位置的编号,同时会显示当前手机的朝向角度。用户可以点击一个按钮来对当前位置和朝向进行Wifi信号检测。
第二个页面显示信号检测的列表,用户可以点击按钮把检测结果上传到远端服务器。
我采用Android studio来新建一个Flutter项目。
页面主题设计
Flutter和Jetpack Compose一样,都可以用Material Design来设计应用的主题。具体可见我之前另一篇博客Material Design设计和美化APP应用-CSDN博客的介绍,在Material design的theme builder设计好主色调之后,导出为Flutter项目需要的文件,放置到lib目录。例如我以#825500作为主色,生成的color_schemes.g.dart文件内容如下:
Dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
const lightColorScheme = ColorScheme(
brightness: Brightness.light,
primary: Color(0xFF825500),
onPrimary: Color(0xFFFFFFFF),
primaryContainer: Color(0xFFFFDDB3),
onPrimaryContainer: Color(0xFF291800),
secondary: Color(0xFF6F5B40),
onSecondary: Color(0xFFFFFFFF),
secondaryContainer: Color(0xFFFBDEBC),
onSecondaryContainer: Color(0xFF271904),
tertiary: Color(0xFF51643F),
onTertiary: Color(0xFFFFFFFF),
tertiaryContainer: Color(0xFFD4EABB),
onTertiaryContainer: Color(0xFF102004),
error: Color(0xFFBA1A1A),
errorContainer: Color(0xFFFFDAD6),
onError: Color(0xFFFFFFFF),
onErrorContainer: Color(0xFF410002),
background: Color(0xFFFFFBFF),
onBackground: Color(0xFF1F1B16),
surface: Color(0xFFFFFBFF),
onSurface: Color(0xFF1F1B16),
surfaceVariant: Color(0xFFF0E0CF),
onSurfaceVariant: Color(0xFF4F4539),
outline: Color(0xFF817567),
onInverseSurface: Color(0xFFF9EFE7),
inverseSurface: Color(0xFF34302A),
inversePrimary: Color(0xFFFFB951),
shadow: Color(0xFF000000),
surfaceTint: Color(0xFF825500),
outlineVariant: Color(0xFFD3C4B4),
scrim: Color(0xFF000000),
);
const darkColorScheme = ColorScheme(
brightness: Brightness.dark,
primary: Color(0xFFFFB951),
onPrimary: Color(0xFF452B00),
primaryContainer: Color(0xFF633F00),
onPrimaryContainer: Color(0xFFFFDDB3),
secondary: Color(0xFFDDC2A1),
onSecondary: Color(0xFF3E2D16),
secondaryContainer: Color(0xFF56442A),
onSecondaryContainer: Color(0xFFFBDEBC),
tertiary: Color(0xFFB8CEA1),
onTertiary: Color(0xFF243515),
tertiaryContainer: Color(0xFF3A4C2A),
onTertiaryContainer: Color(0xFFD4EABB),
error: Color(0xFFFFB4AB),
errorContainer: Color(0xFF93000A),
onError: Color(0xFF690005),
onErrorContainer: Color(0xFFFFDAD6),
background: Color(0xFF1F1B16),
onBackground: Color(0xFFEAE1D9),
surface: Color(0xFF1F1B16),
onSurface: Color(0xFFEAE1D9),
surfaceVariant: Color(0xFF4F4539),
onSurfaceVariant: Color(0xFFD3C4B4),
outline: Color(0xFF9C8F80),
onInverseSurface: Color(0xFF1F1B16),
inverseSurface: Color(0xFFEAE1D9),
inversePrimary: Color(0xFF825500),
shadow: Color(0xFF000000),
surfaceTint: Color(0xFFFFB951),
outlineVariant: Color(0xFF4F4539),
scrim: Color(0xFF000000),
);
主页面设计
确定了架构之后,我们开始设计主页面。在Lib目录新建一个dart文件,例如MyHomePage。其代码如下:
Dart
class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});
final String title;
@override
State<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
static const eventChannel = EventChannel('roygao.cn/orientationEvent');
final positionNameController = TextEditingController();
final orientationController = TextEditingController();
Stream<String> streamOrientationFromNative() {
return eventChannel
.receiveBroadcastStream()
.map((event) => event.toString());
}
@override
void initState() {
eventChannel.receiveBroadcastStream().listen((message) {
// Handle incoming message
setState(() {
orientationController.text = message;
});
});
super.initState();
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
var appState = context.watch<MyAppState>();
final theme = Theme.of(context);
return Scaffold(
backgroundColor: theme.colorScheme.surfaceVariant,
appBar: AppBar(
backgroundColor: theme.colorScheme.inversePrimary,
title: Text(widget.title),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
children: <Widget>[
const Image(image: AssetImage('images/wifi_location.jpg')),
Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
child: Column(
children: <Widget>[
TextField(
controller: positionNameController,
obscureText: false,
decoration: const InputDecoration(
border: OutlineInputBorder(),
labelText: 'Indoor position name',
),
),
const SizedBox(height: 15.0,),
TextField(
controller: orientationController,
obscureText: false,
enabled: false,
decoration: const InputDecoration(
border: OutlineInputBorder(),
labelText: 'Orientation in degrees',
),
),
const SizedBox(height: 15.0,),
ElevatedButton(
style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
primary: theme.colorScheme.primary,
elevation: 0,
),
onPressed: () {
appState.updatePositionOrientation(positionNameController.text, orientationController.text);
appState.updateWifiScanResults();
Navigator.of(context).push(
MaterialPageRoute(
builder: (context) => MeasureReport(
title: widget.title,
//positionName: positionNameController.text,
//orientation: orientationController.text,
)
)
);
},
child: Text(
"Measure", style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge!.copyWith(
color: theme.colorScheme.onPrimary,
),),
),
])
),
],
),
),
);
}
@override
void dispose() {
// Clean up the controller when the widget is disposed.
positionNameController.dispose();
orientationController.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
}
解释一下以上的代码,这个类是继承了StatefulWidget,因为从传感器接收的朝向角度信息我想保存在这个Widget中。在_MyHomePageState中定义了一个EventChannel,用于调用Android的原生方法来获取加速传感器和磁传感器的信息,计算手机朝向之后通过EventChannel来传送到Flutter widget。在initState函数中需要监听EventChannel获取到的数据,并调用SetState来更新显示朝向数据的那个TextField的controller。在build函数中,定义了一个应用级别的state,这个state可以用于保存用户输入的位置信息和手机朝向数据,并给到我们之后的测试报告的widget来获取。另外,通过Scaffold layout来组织这个UI界面,显示相应的组件。在Measure这个button的onPressed中,更新appState的位置和朝向数据,并调用updateWifiScanResult方法来测量Wifi信号,然后通过Navigator组建来跳转到测量报告页面。
调用Android原生方法
刚才提到了用EventChannel的方式来调用Android的原生方法来计算手机朝向。其实在Flutter里面也有一个sensor plugin可以获取到手机的传感器数据,不需要调用原生方法。但是这个plugin获取到的只是磁传感器和加速度传感器的数值,还需要通过一些计算来获得手机的朝向。在Android的原生方法已经提供了方法可以直接计算,因此这里我还是采用EventChannel的方式来做。在Android Studio中打开这个Flutter项目的Android文件夹,编辑MainActivity文件。以下是代码:
Kotlin
class MainActivity: FlutterActivity(), SensorEventListener {
private val eventChannel = "roygao.cn/orientationEvent"
private lateinit var sensorManager : SensorManager
private var accelerometerReading = FloatArray(3)
private var magnetometerReading = FloatArray(3)
private var rotationMatrix = FloatArray(9)
private var orientationAngles = FloatArray(3)
override fun configureFlutterEngine(@NonNull flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {
super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
EventChannel(flutterEngine.dartExecutor.binaryMessenger, eventChannel).setStreamHandler(
MyEventChannel)
}
override fun onSensorChanged(event: SensorEvent) {
if (event.sensor.type == Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER) {
System.arraycopy(event.values, 0, accelerometerReading, 0, accelerometerReading.size)
} else if (event.sensor.type == Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD) {
System.arraycopy(event.values, 0, magnetometerReading, 0, magnetometerReading.size)
}
SensorManager.getRotationMatrix(
rotationMatrix,
null,
accelerometerReading,
magnetometerReading
)
SensorManager.getOrientation(rotationMatrix, orientationAngles)
var degree = if (orientationAngles[0] >= 0) {
(180 * orientationAngles[0]/PI).toInt()
} else {
(180 * (2+orientationAngles[0]/PI)).toInt()
}
MyEventChannel.sendEvent(degree.toString())
}
override fun onAccuracyChanged(p0: Sensor?, p1: Int) {
}
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
sensorManager = getSystemService(Context.SENSOR_SERVICE) as SensorManager
val accelerometer = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_ACCELEROMETER)
val magnetometer = sensorManager.getDefaultSensor(Sensor.TYPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD)
sensorManager.registerListener(this, accelerometer, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_UI)
sensorManager.registerListener(this, magnetometer, SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_UI)
}
object MyEventChannel: EventChannel.StreamHandler {
private var eventSink: EventChannel.EventSink? = null
override fun onListen(arguments: Any?, events: EventChannel.EventSink?) {
eventSink = events;
}
override fun onCancel(arguments: Any?) {
eventSink = null;
}
fun sendEvent(message: String) {
eventSink?.success(message)
}
}
}
这个代码比较简单,在configureFlutterEngine里面定义EventChannel的handler,提供一个sendEvent的方法来传输数据。同时实现了SensorEventListener的接口,当收到SensorEvent的时候通过两个传感器的信息计算出手机的朝向角度,并调用sendEvent方法。
页面入口设计
在main.dart文件中,修改如下:
Dart
void main() {
runApp(const MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
const MyApp({super.key});
// This widget is the root of your application.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return ChangeNotifierProvider(
create: (context) => MyAppState(),
child: MaterialApp(
title: 'Wifi Measurement',
theme: ThemeData(useMaterial3: true, colorScheme: lightColorScheme),
darkTheme: ThemeData(useMaterial3: true, colorScheme: darkColorScheme),
home: const MyHomePage(title: 'Wifi Measurement'),
),
);
}
}
class MyAppState extends ChangeNotifier {
var positionName;
var orientation;
List<WiFiAccessPoint> accessPoints = [];
void updatePositionOrientation(String name, String degree) {
positionName = name;
orientation = degree;
}
updateWifiScanResults() async {
final can = await WiFiScan.instance.canGetScannedResults(
askPermissions: true);
switch (can) {
case CanGetScannedResults.yes:
// get scanned results
accessPoints = await WiFiScan.instance.getScannedResults();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
这里定义了一个MyAppState用于保存应用级别的状态数据。这个类扩展了ChangeNotifier,使得其他Widget可以通过观察这个类的对象来获取到状态的更新。在这个类里面定义了一个updateWifiScanResults的方法,这个是采用了wifi scan的plugin来实现的。在pubspec.yaml里面的dependencies增加wifi_scan: ^0.4.1
测量报告页面
最后是设计一个页面显示测量报告,当在主页面点击测量按钮,跳转到这个页面显示测量结果。代码如下:
Dart
class MeasureReport extends StatelessWidget {
const MeasureReport({super.key, required this.title});
final String title;
@override
State<MeasureReport> createState() => _MeasureReportState();
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
var appState = context.watch<MyAppState>();
final theme = Theme.of(context);
return Scaffold(
backgroundColor: theme.colorScheme.surfaceVariant,
appBar: AppBar(
backgroundColor: theme.colorScheme.inversePrimary,
title: const Text("Wifi Measurement"),
),
body: Column(
children: <Widget>[
Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(20.0),
child: Column(
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
children: <Widget>[
Text("Position: ${appState.positionName}", style: theme.textTheme.titleLarge,),
const SizedBox(height: 5.0,),
Text("Orientation: ${appState.orientation}", style: theme.textTheme.titleLarge,),
const SizedBox(height: 5.0,),
Text("Scan Results:", style: theme.textTheme.titleLarge,),
const SizedBox(height: 5.0,),
ListView.builder(
itemCount: appState.accessPoints.length,
itemBuilder: (context, index) {
var rowColor = index%2==0?theme.colorScheme.primaryContainer:theme.colorScheme.surfaceVariant;
if (index==0) {
return Column(
children: [
Container(
child: Row(
children: [
Expanded(child: Text("BSSID", style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge,)),
Expanded(child: Text("Level", style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge,)),
],
),
),
Container(
color: rowColor,
child: Row(
children: [
Expanded(child: Text(appState.accessPoints[index].bssid, style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge,)),
Expanded(child: Text(appState.accessPoints[index].level.toString(), style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge,)),
],
),
)
]
);
}
return Container(
color: rowColor,
child: Row(
children: <Widget>[
Expanded(child: Text(appState.accessPoints[index].bssid, style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge,)),
Expanded(child: Text(appState.accessPoints[index].level.toString(), style: theme.textTheme.bodyLarge,)),
],
)
);
},
scrollDirection: Axis.vertical,
shrinkWrap: true,
),
],
),
)
]
),
);
}
}
这个代码比较简单,就不用解释了。
运行效果
最终的应用运行效果如下:
wifi measure flutter app