Selenium教程04：鼠标+键盘网页的模拟操作

在webdriver 中，鼠标操作都封装在ActionChains类中，使用的时候需要导入这个包。

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from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

ActionChains方法列表如下：

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click(on_element=None) ------单击鼠标左键

click_and_hold(on_element=None) ------点击鼠标左键，不松开

context_click(on_element=None) ------点击鼠标右键

double_click(on_element=None) ------双击鼠标左键

drag_and_drop(source, target) ------拖拽到某个元素然后松开

drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset) ------拖拽到某个坐标然后松开

key_down(value, element=None) ------按下某个键盘上的键

key_up(value, element=None) ------松开某个键

move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset) ------鼠标从当前位置移动到某个坐标

move_to_element(to_element) ------鼠标移动到某个元素

move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset) ------移动到距某个元素（左上角坐标）多少距离的位置

perform() ------执行链中的所有动作

release(on_element=None) ------在某个元素位置松开鼠标左键

send_keys(*keys_to_send) ------发送某个键到当前焦点的元素

send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send) ------发送某个键到指定元素

1.单击左键+单击右键+左键双击的示例用法。

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# @Author : 小红牛
# 微信公众号：WdPython
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm')

click_btn = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@value="click me"]')
# 双击按钮
doubleclick_btn = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@value="dbl click me"]')
# 右键单击按钮
rightclick_btn = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//input[@value="right click me"]')
action = ActionChains(driver)
# 链式调用
action.click(click_btn).double_click(doubleclick_btn).context_click(rightclick_btn).perform()

print(driver.find_element(By.NAME, 't2').get_attribute('value'))
# [CLICK][DOUBLE_CLICK][RIGHT_CLICK]
sleep(5)
driver.quit()

2.模拟鼠标拖动操作，该操作有两个必要参数，source：鼠标拖动的元素，target：鼠标拖至并释放的目标元素。

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from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm')

dragger = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'dragger')  # 被拖拽元素
item1 = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//div[text()="Item 1"]')  # 目标元素1
item2 = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//div[text()="Item 2"]')  # 目标2
item3 = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//div[text()="Item 3"]')  # 目标3
item4 = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//div[text()="Item 4"]')  # 目标4

action = ActionChains(driver)
action.drag_and_drop(dragger, item1).perform()  # 1.移动dragger到目标1
sleep(2)
action.click_and_hold(dragger).release(item2).perform()  # 2.效果与上句相同，也能起到移动效果
sleep(2)
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_to_element(item3).release().perform()  # 3.效果与上两句相同，也能起到移动的效果
sleep(2)
# action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(dragger, 400, 150).perform() # 4.移动到指定坐标
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_by_offset(400, 150).release().perform()  # 5.与上一句相同，移动到指定坐标
sleep(5)

# 关闭浏览器
driver.close()

3.move_to_element()鼠标悬停，当你把鼠标放在，百度更多位置时，就会出现更多的功能，这就是一个悬停的效果，选择里面的翻译进行点击操作。如下图所示

更多的网页元素结构，里面有个name="tj_briicon"属性，定位元素方法有很多，选择一个就可以了。

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<a href="http://www.baidu.com/more/" name="tj_briicon" class="s-bri c-font-normal c-color-t" target="_blank">更多</a>

翻译的网页元素结构，这里可使用By.LINK_TEXT去定位元素

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<a class="img-spacing" href="http://fanyi.baidu.com/" target="_blank" name="tj_fanyi"><img src="https://dss0.bdstatic.com/5aV1bjqh_Q23odCf/static/superman/img/topnav/newfanyi-da0cea8f7e.png"><div class="s-top-more-title c-font-normal c-color-t">翻译</div></a>

具体实现代码

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# @Author : 小红牛
# 微信公众号：WdPython
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
# 1.定位更多的元素位置
element = driver.find_element(By.NAME, 'tj_briicon')
# 实例化鼠标
action = ActionChains(driver)
# 鼠标悬停在百度更多
action.move_to_element(element)
# 执行鼠标事件
action.perform()
# 2.选择更多里面的翻译
href = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, '翻译')
# print(href.text)  # 翻译
href.click()
sleep(5)
driver.quit()

4.key_down+key_up的示例用法：

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from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/keypress.htm')

key_up_radio = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'r1')  # 监测按键升起
key_down_radio = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'r2')  # 监测按键按下
key_press_radio = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'r3')  # 监测按键按下升起

enter = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//form[@name="f1"]/input')[1]  # 输入框
result = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//form[@name="f1"]/input')[0]  # 监测结果

# 监测key_down
key_down_radio.click()
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL, enter).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
print(result.get_attribute('value'))
# key downed charCode=[0] keyCode=[17] CTRL
sleep(2)
# 监测key_up
key_up_radio.click()
enter.click()
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).perform()
print(result.get_attribute('value'))
# key upped charCode=[0] keyCode=[16] NONE
sleep(2)
# 监测key_press
key_press_radio.click()
enter.click()
ActionChains(driver).send_keys('a').perform()
print(result.get_attribute('value'))
# key pressed charCode=[97] keyCode=[97] NONE
sleep(5)
driver.quit()

5.键盘操作，键盘对应的方法在Keys类中。Keys 类几乎提供了键盘上的所有按键方法，我们可以使用 send_keys + Keys 实现输出键盘上的组合按键如 "Ctrl + C"、"Ctrl + V" 等。

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from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
# 单键
element.send_keys(Keys.XXX)
# 组合键
element.send_keys(Keys.XXX, 'a') # 注意这里的组合键都是小写

百度搜索李白的示例键盘用法

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# @Author : 小红牛
# 微信公众号：WdPython
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

input_ele = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw')
input_ele.send_keys('李白8')
sleep(1)
# 等价于BACKSPACE（删除）
input_ele.send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
sleep(1)
# 组合键Ctrl+a全选
input_ele.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'a')
sleep(1)
# 剪切
input_ele.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'x')
sleep(1)
# 粘贴
input_ele.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'v')
# 回车
input_ele.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
sleep(5)
driver.quit()

6.常用的键盘事件：

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NULL = '\ue000'
    CANCEL = '\ue001'  # ^break
    HELP = '\ue002'
    BACKSPACE = '\ue003'
    BACK_SPACE = BACKSPACE   #删除键
    TAB = '\ue004'   #TAB键
    CLEAR = '\ue005'  
    RETURN = '\ue006'
    ENTER = '\ue007'   #回车键
    SHIFT = '\ue008'   #Shift键
    LEFT_SHIFT = SHIFT
    CONTROL = '\ue009'
    LEFT_CONTROL = CONTROL   #Ctrl 键
    ALT = '\ue00a'           #Alt 键
    LEFT_ALT = ALT
    PAUSE = '\ue00b'
    ESCAPE = '\ue00c'   #ECS键
    SPACE = '\ue00d'    #空格键 
    PAGE_UP = '\ue00e'   #PgUp 键
    PAGE_DOWN = '\ue00f' #PgDwon 键
    END = '\ue010'    #END 键
    HOME = '\ue011'   #HOME 键
    LEFT = '\ue012'  #左键
    ARROW_LEFT = LEFT  
    UP = '\ue013'    #上键
    ARROW_UP = UP   
    RIGHT = '\ue014'
    ARROW_RIGHT = RIGHT  #右键
    DOWN = '\ue015'      #下键
    ARROW_DOWN = DOWN  
    INSERT = '\ue016'    #insert键 
    DELETE = '\ue017'    #del键

    SEMICOLON = '\ue018'  #';'键
    EQUALS = '\ue019'     #'='键
　　#数字键盘
    NUMPAD0 = '\ue01a'  # number pad keys
    NUMPAD1 = '\ue01b'
    NUMPAD2 = '\ue01c'
    NUMPAD3 = '\ue01d'
    NUMPAD4 = '\ue01e'
    NUMPAD5 = '\ue01f'
    NUMPAD6 = '\ue020'
    NUMPAD7 = '\ue021'
    NUMPAD8 = '\ue022'
    NUMPAD9 = '\ue023'
    MULTIPLY = '\ue024' # '*' 键
    ADD = '\ue025'   # '+' 键
    SEPARATOR = '\ue026'  #','键
    SUBTRACT = '\ue027'  # '-' 键
    DECIMAL = '\ue028'   # '.'键
    DIVIDE = '\ue029'    #'/'键

    F1 = '\ue031'  # function  keys
    F2 = '\ue032'
    F3 = '\ue033'
    F4 = '\ue034'
    F5 = '\ue035'
    F6 = '\ue036'
    F7 = '\ue037'
    F8 = '\ue038'
    F9 = '\ue039'
    F10 = '\ue03a'
    F11 = '\ue03b'
    F12 = '\ue03c'

    META = '\ue03d'
    COMMAND = '\ue03d'

完毕！！感谢您的收看

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