MySQL之视图&外连接、内连接和子查询的使用


目录

一、视图

[1.1 含义](#1.1 含义)

[1.2 操作](#1.2 操作)

[1.3 SQL数据](#1.3 SQL数据)

二、连接查询案例

[(1)查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数](#(1)查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数)

[(2)查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况](#(2)查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况)

[(3)查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )](#(3)查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null ))

[(4)查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况](#(4)查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况)

[(5)查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩](#(5)查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩)

(6)查询在t_mysql_score表存在成绩的学生信息

[(7)查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )](#(7)查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null ))

(8)查询「李」姓老师的数量

(9)查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

(10)查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

(11)查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

(12)查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩

[(13)检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息](#(13)检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息)

(14)按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

[(15)查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列](#(15)查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列)

三、思维导图


一、视图

1.1 含义

虚拟表,和普通表一样使用

1.2 操作

  • 创建视图

create view 视图名 as

  • 修改视图

方式一:

create or replace view 视图名 as

【查看视图相关字段】

方式二:

alter view 视图名 as

【查看的SQL语句】

  • 查看视图

方式一:

desc 视图名【看视图字段】

方式二:

show create view 视图名

  • 删除视图

drop view 视图名

1.3 SQL数据

/*

Navicat Premium Data Transfer

Source Server : localhost

Source Server Type : MySQL

Source Server Version : 80018

Source Host : localhost:3306

Source Schema : mybatis_ssm

Target Server Type : MySQL

Target Server Version : 80018

File Encoding : 65001

Date: 04/07/2023 23:53:33

*/

SET NAMES utf8mb4;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;


-- Table structure for t_mysql_course


DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_mysql_course`;

CREATE TABLE `t_mysql_course` (

`cid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号',

`cname` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',

`tid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '教师编号',

PRIMARY KEY (`cid`) USING BTREE

) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '课程信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;


-- Records of t_mysql_course


INSERT INTO `t_mysql_course` VALUES ('01', '语文', '02');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_course` VALUES ('02', '数学', '01');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_course` VALUES ('03', '英语', '03');


-- Table structure for t_mysql_score


DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_mysql_score`;

CREATE TABLE `t_mysql_score` (

`sid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生编号,外键',

`cid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号,外键',

`score` float NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '成绩',

INDEX `sid`(`sid`) USING BTREE,

INDEX `cid`(`cid`) USING BTREE,

CONSTRAINT `t_mysql_score_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`sid`) REFERENCES `t_mysql_student` (`sid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT,

CONSTRAINT `t_mysql_score_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`cid`) REFERENCES `t_mysql_course` (`cid`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT

) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '成绩信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;


-- Records of t_mysql_score


INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('01', '01', 80);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('01', '02', 90);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('01', '03', 99);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('02', '01', 70);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('02', '02', 60);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('02', '03', 80);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('03', '01', 80);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('03', '02', 80);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('03', '03', 80);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('04', '01', 50);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('04', '02', 30);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('04', '03', 20);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('05', '01', 76);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('05', '02', 87);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('06', '01', 31);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('06', '03', 34);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('07', '02', 89);

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_score` VALUES ('07', '03', 98);


-- Table structure for t_mysql_student


DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_mysql_student`;

CREATE TABLE `t_mysql_student` (

`sid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生编号',

`sname` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生名称',

`sage` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生年龄',

`ssex` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '学生性别',

PRIMARY KEY (`sid`) USING BTREE

) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '学生信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;


-- Records of t_mysql_student


INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('01', '赵雷', '1990-01-01', '男');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('02', '钱电', '1990-12-21', '男');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('03', '孙风', '1990-12-20', '男');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('04', '李云', '1990-12-06', '男');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('05', '周梅', '1991-12-01', '女');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('06', '吴兰', '1992-01-01', '女');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('07', '郑竹', '1989-01-01', '女');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('09', '张三', '2017-12-20', '女');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('10', '李四', '2017-12-25', '女');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('11', '李四', '2012-06-06', '女');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('12', '赵六', '2013-06-13', '女');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_student` VALUES ('13', '孙七', '2014-06-01', '女');


-- Table structure for t_mysql_teacher


DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_mysql_teacher`;

CREATE TABLE `t_mysql_teacher` (

`tid` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '教师编号',

`tname` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '教师名称',

PRIMARY KEY (`tid`) USING BTREE

) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci COMMENT = '教师信息表' ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;


-- Records of t_mysql_teacher


INSERT INTO `t_mysql_teacher` VALUES ('01', '张三');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_teacher` VALUES ('02', '李四');

INSERT INTO `t_mysql_teacher` VALUES ('03', '王五');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

二、连接查询案例

(1)查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

方式一:

SELECT

*

FROM

t_mysql_student s,

( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' ) t1,

( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '02' ) t2

WHERE

s.sid = t1.sid

AND t1.sid = t2.sid

AND t1.score > t2.score

方式二:

SELECT

s.*,

(case when t1.cid = '01' then t1.score end ) 语文,

(case when t2.cid = '02' then t2.score end ) 数学

FROM

t_mysql_student s,

( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' ) t1,

( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '02' ) t2

WHERE

s.sid = t1.sid

AND t1.sid = t2.sid

AND t1.score > t2.score

(2)查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况

SELECT

s.*,

(case when t1.cid = '01' then t1.score end ) 语文,

(case when t2.cid = '02' then t2.score end ) 数学

FROM

t_mysql_student s,

( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' ) t1,

( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '02' ) t2

WHERE

s.sid = t1.sid

AND t1.sid = t2.sid

(3)查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )

SELECT s.*,

(case when t1.cid = '01' then t1.score end ) 语文,

(case when t2.cid = '02' then t2.score end ) 数学

FROM

t_mysql_student s INNER JOIN

( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' ) t1

on s.sid = t1.sid left JOIN

( SELECT * FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '02' ) t2

on t1.sid =t2.sid

(4)查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况

SELECT

s.*,

(case when sc.cid = '01' then sc.score end ) 语文,

(case when sc.cid = '02' then sc.score end ) 数学

FROM

t_mysql_student s,

t_mysql_score sc

WHERE

s.sid = sc.sid and

s.sid NOT IN ( SELECT sid FROM t_mysql_score WHERE cid = '01' )

AND sc.cid='02'

(5)查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

SELECT

s.sid,

s.sname,

ROUND(AVG(sc.score),2) n

FROM

t_mysql_student s LEFT JOIN

t_mysql_score sc on s.sid =sc.sid

GROUP BY s.sid,s.sname

HAVING n>= 60

(6)查询在t_mysql_score表存在成绩的学生信息

SELECT

s.sid,

s.sname

FROM

t_mysql_student s INNER JOIN

t_mysql_score sc on s.sid =sc.sid

GROUP BY s.sid,s.sname

(7)查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )

SELECT

s.sid,

s.sname,

COUNT(sc.score) 选课总数,

SUM(sc.score) 总成绩

FROM

t_mysql_student s LEFT JOIN

t_mysql_score sc on s.sid =sc.sid

GROUP BY s.sid,s.sname

(8)查询「李」姓老师的数量

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM t_mysql_teacher WHERE tname LIKE '李%'

(9)查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

SELECT

s.*,

c.cname,

t.tname,

sc.score

FROM

t_mysql_teacher t,

t_mysql_course c,

t_mysql_student s,

t_mysql_score sc

WHERE

t.tid = c.cid

AND c.cid = sc.cid

AND sc.sid = s.sid

AND t.tname = '张三'

(10)查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

SELECT

s.*,

c.cname,

t.tname,

sc.score

FROM

t_mysql_teacher t,

t_mysql_course c,

t_mysql_student s,

t_mysql_score sc

WHERE

t.tid = c.cid

AND c.cid = sc.cid

AND sc.sid = s.sid

AND t.tname = '张三'

(11)查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

SELECT

s.sid,

s.sname

FROM

t_mysql_score sc,

t_mysql_student s

WHERE

s.sid = sc.sid

AND sc.cid NOT IN

( SELECT cid FROM t_mysql_course c, t_mysql_teacher t WHERE c.tid = t.tid AND t.tname = '张三' )

GROUP BY

sid,

s.snamee

(12)查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩

SELECT

s.sid,

s.sname,

AVG( sc.score ) n

FROM

t_mysql_student s,

t_mysql_score sc

WHERE

s.sid = sc.sid

AND sc.score < 60

GROUP BY

s.sid,

s.sname

(13)检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息

SELECT

s.*,

sc.score

FROM

t_mysql_student s,

t_mysql_score sc

WHERE

s.sid = sc.sid

AND sc.cid = '01'

AND sc.score < 60

ORDER BY

sc.score

(14)按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

方法一:

SELECT

s.sid,

s.sname,

SUM( ( CASE WHEN sc.cid = '01' THEN sc.score END ) ) 语文,

SUM( ( CASE WHEN sc.cid = '02' THEN sc.score END ) ) 数学,

SUM( ( CASE WHEN sc.cid = '03' THEN sc.score END ) ) 英语,

ROUND( AVG( sc.score ), 2 )

FROM

t_mysql_score sc

RIGHT JOIN t_mysql_student s ON sc.sid = s.sid

GROUP BY

s.sid,

s.sname

方法二:

SELECT

s.sid,

s.sname,

SUM( IF ( sc.cid = '01', sc.score, 0 ) ) 语文,

SUM( IF ( sc.cid = '02', sc.score, 0 ) ) 数学,

SUM( IF ( sc.cid = '03', sc.score, 0 ) ) 英语,

ROUND( AVG( sc.score ), 2 )

FROM

t_mysql_score sc

RIGHT JOIN t_mysql_student s ON sc.sid = s.sid

GROUP BY

s.sid,

s.sname

(15)查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:

以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列

SELECT

c.cid,

c.cname,

count(sc.sid) 人数,

max(sc.score) 最高分,

min(sc.score) 最低分,

ROUND( AVG( sc.score ), 2 ) 平均分,

CONCAT( ROUND(sum(if(sc.score>=60,1,0))/(SELECT count(*) FROM t_mysql_student)*100,2),'%') 及格率,

CONCAT( ROUND(sum(if(sc.score>=70 and sc.score<80,1,0))/(SELECT count(*) FROM t_mysql_student)*100,2),'%') 中等率,

CONCAT( ROUND(sum(if(sc.score>=90 and sc.score<90,1,0))/(SELECT count(*) FROM t_mysql_student)*100,2),'%') 优良率,

CONCAT( ROUND(sum(if(sc.score>=90,1,0))/(SELECT count(*) FROM t_mysql_student)*100,2),'%') 优秀率

FROM

t_mysql_score sc

LEFT JOIN t_mysql_course c ON sc.cid = c.cid

GROUP BY

c.cid,

c.cname

三、思维导图

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