第一部分:基础语法
1. 变量的定义与使用
- name = "John"
age = 25
2. 数据类型操作
- num1 = 10
num2 = 5
result = num1 + num2
print(result)
3. 条件语句
- score = 85
if score >= 90:
print("优秀")``elif score >= 80:``
print("良好")``else:``
print("及格")
4. 循环结构
- for i in range(1, 6):
print(i)
第二部分:函数和模块
1. 函数的定义与调用
- def add(a, b):
return a + bresult = add(3, 4)
print(result)
2. 参数传递
- def greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name)
greet("Alice")
3. 创建和使用模块
-
math_utils.py
def square(num):
return num ** 2
-
main.py
import math_utilsresult = math_utils.square(5)``print(result)
第三部分:面向对象编程
1. 类的定义和使用
class Person: def __init__(self, name): self.name = name
def greet(self): print("Hello, my name is " + self.name)
person = Person("John")person.greet()
2. 对象的创建和操作
class Circle: def __init__(self, radius): self.radius = radius def area(self): return 3.14 * self.radius ** 2circle = Circle(5)print(circle.area())
3. 继承和多态
class Animal: def sound(self): pass
class Dog(Animal): def sound(self): print("Woof!")
class Cat(Animal): def sound(self): print("Meow!")
dog = Dog()cat = Cat()dog.sound()cat.sound()
第四部分:文件操作
1. 读取文件
with open("data.txt", "r") as file: data = file.read() print(data)
2. 写入文件
with open("output.txt", "w") as file: file.write("Hello, World!")
第五部分:异常处理
1. 捕获和处理异常
try: num = 10 / 0except ZeroDivisionError: print("Cannot divide by zero.")
2. 优雅地处理错误
def divide(a, b): try: result = a / b except ZeroDivisionError: result = None finally: return resultprint(divide(10, 2))print(divide(10, 0))
第六部分:数据结构和算法
1. 列表操作
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]print(len(numbers))print(numbers[2])
2. 字典操作
person = {"name": "John", "age": 25}print(person["name"])print(person.get("age"))
3. 排序算法
numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1, 9]numbers.sort()print(numbers)
第七部分:网络编程
- Socket编程
import socket
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)server_socket.bind(("localhost", 8080))server_socket.listen(1)
client_socket, address = server_socket.accept()print("Connection from: " + str(address))client_socket.close()server_socket.close()
2. HTTP协议应用
import requestsresponse = requests.get("https://www.example.com")print(response.text)
第八部分:数据库编程
1. 访问数据库
import sqlite3connection = sqlite3.connect("database.db")cursor = connection.cursor()cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM students")data = cursor.fetchall()for row in data: print(row)connection.close()