一 背景说明
网上看到一款Windows下的窗口透明化工具Glass2k(Glass2k官网),可以简单地通过快捷键实现任意窗口的透明化,还挺方便的,想用Python自己实现一下类似的功能。
软件已经开源到:窗口透明化小工具开源地址
效果图如下:
二 设计实现
工具包含以下几个模块:
【1】用 tkinter 类实现工具的界面;
【2】用 pystray 类实现工具最小化托盘的功能;
【3】用pynput 类实现键盘快捷键的监听功能;
【4】用ctypes 类实现Windows窗口透明化操作;
三 功能编写
用GUI类包含设计中的几种功能:
【1】初始化中实现工具的主界面:
python
def __init__(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.root.title('窗口透明化工具')
self.root.geometry("400x90")
# 当用户点击窗口右上角的关闭按钮时,Tkinter将自动发送WM_DELETE_WINDOW关闭事件。通过对其进行处理并调用self.hide_window()方法,可以改为将窗口隐藏到系统托盘中。
# 该方法用于将程序窗口隐藏到系统托盘中而非直接退出应用程序
self.root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.hide_window)
# 添加菜单和图标
self.create_systray_icon()
# 绘制界面
frame1 = tk.Frame(self.root)
frame1.pack(side='top')
l1 = tk.Label(frame1,
text='【窗口透明化操作】点击窗口,按Ctrl + Alt + [0-9]使其透明化。\nCtrl + Alt + 1:全透明\nCtrl + Alt + 5:半透明\nCtrl + Alt + 0:全填充\n')
l1.pack()
# 开启键盘监听
t = threading.Thread(target=self.new_thread_start)
# 开启守护线程,这样在GUI意外关闭时线程能正常退出
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
【2】最小化托盘包括:创建最小化托盘图标/隐藏窗口/打开窗口/退出程序 几个方法:
python
"""
[1]最小化托盘
"""
def create_systray_icon(self):
# 使用 Pystray 创建系统托盘图标
menu = (
pystray.MenuItem('显示', self.show_window, default=True),
pystray.Menu.SEPARATOR, # 在系统托盘菜单中添加分隔线
pystray.MenuItem('退出', self.quit_window))
image = Image.open("TPWin.ico")
self.icon = pystray.Icon("icon", image, "图标名称", menu)
threading.Thread(target=self.icon.run, daemon=True).start()
def hide_window(self):
# 关闭窗口时隐藏窗口,并将 Pystray 图标放到系统托盘中
self.root.withdraw()
def show_window(self):
# 打开主窗口
self.icon.visible = True
self.root.deiconify()
def quit_window(self, icon: pystray.Icon):
# 退出程序
icon.stop() # 停止 Pystray 的事件循环
self.root.quit() # 终止 Tkinter 的事件循环
self.root.destroy() # 销毁应用程序的主窗口和所有活动
【3】键盘的监听包括:监听键盘点击/监听键盘释放/启动监听线程 几个方法,其中组合键用一个无序不重复元素集来管理:
python
"""
[2]键盘操作
"""
def on_key_press(self, key):
if key == keyboard.Key.alt_l or key == keyboard.Key.alt_gr:
keys.add('Alt')
elif key == keyboard.Key.ctrl_l or key == keyboard.Key.ctrl_r:
keys.add('Ctrl')
elif str(key) == r"<48>": # ctrl + 0组合键
keys.add('0')
elif str(key) == r"<49>": # ctrl + 1组合键
keys.add('1')
elif str(key) == r"<50>": # ctrl + 2组合键
keys.add('2')
elif str(key) == r"<51>": # ctrl + 3组合键
keys.add('3')
elif str(key) == r"<52>": # ctrl + 4组合键
keys.add('4')
elif str(key) == r"<53>": # ctrl + 5组合键
keys.add('5')
elif str(key) == r"<54>": # ctrl + 6组合键
keys.add('6')
elif str(key) == r"<55>": # ctrl + 7组合键
keys.add('7')
elif str(key) == r"<56>": # ctrl + 8组合键
keys.add('8')
elif str(key) == r"<57>": # ctrl + 9组合键
keys.add('9')
if all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '0']):
self.set_transparency(0)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '1']):
self.set_transparency(1)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '2']):
self.set_transparency(2)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '3']):
self.set_transparency(3)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '4']):
self.set_transparency(4)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '5']):
self.set_transparency(5)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '6']):
self.set_transparency(6)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '7']):
self.set_transparency(7)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '8']):
self.set_transparency(8)
elif all(k in keys for k in ['Alt', 'Ctrl', '9']):
self.set_transparency(9)
def on_key_release(self, key):
if key == keyboard.Key.alt_l or key == keyboard.Key.alt_gr:
keys.remove('Alt')
elif key == keyboard.Key.ctrl_l or key == keyboard.Key.ctrl_r:
keys.remove('Ctrl')
elif str(key) == r"<48>": # ctrl + 0组合键
keys.remove('0')
elif str(key) == r"<49>": # ctrl + 1组合键
keys.remove('1')
elif str(key) == r"<50>": # ctrl + 2组合键
keys.remove('2')
elif str(key) == r"<51>": # ctrl + 3组合键
keys.remove('3')
elif str(key) == r"<52>": # ctrl + 4组合键
keys.remove('4')
elif str(key) == r"<53>": # ctrl + 5组合键
keys.remove('5')
elif str(key) == r"<54>": # ctrl + 6组合键
keys.remove('6')
elif str(key) == r"<55>": # ctrl + 7组合键
keys.remove('7')
elif str(key) == r"<56>": # ctrl + 8组合键
keys.remove('8')
elif str(key) == r"<57>": # ctrl + 9组合键
keys.remove('9')
if key == keyboard.Key.esc:
return False # 释放了esc 键,停止监听
def new_thread_start(self):
key_listen_thread = keyboard.Listener(on_press=self.on_key_press, on_release=self.on_key_release)
# 运行线程
key_listen_thread.start()
【4】设置透明度的操作包括:设置透明度/获取当前鼠标位置(获取窗口句柄用):
python
"""
[3]设置透明度操作(Ctrl + Alt + [0-9])
"""
def set_transparency(self, set_tp):
global hwnd
hwnd = ctypes.windll.user32.WindowFromPoint(self.get_mouse_position()) # 获取窗口句柄
p = create_string_buffer(256)
windll.user32.GetWindowTextW(hwnd, byref(p), 256) # 获取窗口标题
title = str(p.raw, encoding='utf-16').strip('\x00')
exstyle = windll.user32.GetWindowLongA(hwnd, GWL_EXSTYLE)
exstyle |= WS_EX_LAYERED # 使窗口具有能设置透明度的样式
windll.user32.SetWindowLongA(hwnd, GWL_EXSTYLE, exstyle) # 获取窗口名
if set_tp == 0:
alpha = 255
else:
alpha = set_tp * 25
windll.user32.SetLayeredWindowAttributes(hwnd, 0, alpha, LWA_ALPHA) # 设置透明度
print('窗口 ' + title + ' 透明度设置为 ' + str(set_tp) + '\n')
def get_mouse_position(self):
point = ctypes.wintypes.POINT()
ctypes.windll.user32.GetCursorPos(ctypes.byref(point))
return point
四 程序整合
将上述功能整合:
python
import ctypes.wintypes
import threading
import tkinter as tk
import pystray
from PIL import Image
from pynput import keyboard
from ctypes import *
WM_CLOSE = 0x10
WM_SETTEXT = 0x0c
GWL_STYLE = -16
GWL_EXSTYLE = -20
SW_MINIMIZE = 6
SW_MAXIMIZE = 3
SW_RESTORE = 9
WS_BORDER = 0x800000
WS_CAPTION = 0xC00000 # WS_BORDER Or WS_DLGFRAME
WS_CHILD = 0x40000000
WS_CLIPCHILDREN = 0x2000000
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS = 0x4000000
WS_POPUP = 0x80000000
WS_DLGFRAME = 0x400000
WS_DISABLED = 0x8000000
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW = 0xcf0000
WS_THICKFRAME = 0x40000
WS_VISIBLE = 0x10000000
WS_EX_APPWINDOW = 0x40000
WS_EX_DLGMODALFRAME = 0x1
WS_EX_ACCEPTFILES = 0x10
WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE= 0x200
WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW = 0x80
WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE = 0x100
LWA_ALPHA = 0x2;LWA_COLORKEY=0x1
WS_EX_LAYERED = 0x80000
keys = set()
hwnd = 0 # 窗口句柄
class GUI:
def __init__(self):
#初始化窗口
"""
[1]最小化托盘
"""
"""
[2]键盘操作
"""
"""
[3]设置透明度操作(Ctrl + Alt + [0-9])
"""
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 主界面
TKDemo = GUI()
TKDemo.root.mainloop()