VsCode编译wxWidgets的HelloWorld

tglingli2024-02-26 22:23

wxWidgets 环境搭建

在wxWidgets 官网下载页面点击Download Windows Binaries选择TDM-GCC 10.3和MinGW-w64 8.1下的头文件和开发包进行下载。这儿我们会用两种 gcc 编译器进行对比，所以下载 2 个种编译器对应的库文件。正常只需根据自己安装的编译器下载对应的 1 种库文件即可。

将下好的文件解压到 wxWidgets 的根目录(这儿以D:\wxWidgets为例),解压后的目录结构如下:

bash 复制代码 
/d/wxWidgets
├── wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc1030TDM_Dev          TDM-GCC 10.3 编译32位应用程序对应的库头文件的dll文件
│   ├── include
│   │   ├── msvc
│   │   └── wx
│   └── lib
│       └── gcc1030TDM_dll
│          ├── mswu
│          └── mswud
├── wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc1030TDM_x64_Dev      TDM-GCC 10.3 编译64位应用程序对应的库头文件的dll文件
│   ├── include
│   │   ├── msvc
│   │   └── wx
│   └── lib
│       └── gcc1030TDM_x64_dll
│           ├── mswu
│           └── mswud
├── wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc810_Dev              MinGW-w64 8.1.0 编译32位应用程序对应的库头文件的dll文件
│   ├── include
│   │   ├── msvc
│   │   └── wx
│   └── lib
│       └── gcc810_dll
│           ├── mswu
│           └── mswud
└── wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc810_x64_Dev          MinGW-w64 8.1.0 编译64位应用程序对应的库头文件的dll文件
    ├── include
    │   ├── msvc
    │   └── wx
    └── lib
        └── gcc810_x64_dll
            ├── mswu
            └── mswud

注：include 目录下的msvc 是给 VC 编译器使用的，现在我们使用 gcc 编译器。所以不应将 msvc 目录加入头文件搜索路径中去。

将所有 lib/*_dll 目录添加到环境变量 Path 中

GCC 环境搭建

MinGW-w64 8.1.0

从MinGW-w64 下载页选择下载以下文件:

  • i686-win32-sjlj 下载后的文件为: i686-8.1.0-release-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0 32 位程序对应的编译器
  • x86_64-win32-seh 下载后的文件为：x86_64-8.1.0-release-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0 64 位程序对应的编译器
  • x86_64-posix-sjlj 下载后的文件为：x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0 (仅为后面实验用)

将下载的文件解压到 MinGW-w64 安装目录(这儿以D:\MinGW-w64为例)，目录结构如下:

bash 复制代码 
/d/mingw-w64
├── i686-8.1.0-release-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0
│   └── mingw32
│       ├── bin
│       ├── etc
│       ├── i686-w64-mingw32
│       ├── include
│       ├── lib
│       ├── libexec
│       ├── licenses
│       ├── opt
│       └── share
├── x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0
│   └── mingw64
│       ├── bin
│       ├── etc
│       ├── include
│       ├── lib
│       ├── libexec
│       ├── licenses
│       ├── opt
│       ├── share
│       └── x86_64-w64-mingw32
└── x86_64-8.1.0-release-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0
    └── mingw64
        ├── bin
        ├── etc
        ├── include
        ├── lib
        ├── libexec
        ├── licenses
        ├── opt
        ├── share
        └── x86_64-w64-mingw32

将所有的 bin 目录添加到环境变量 path 中

TDM-GCC 10.3

将下载的两个文件点击安装到 TDM-GCC 根目录(这儿以D:\TDM-GCC为例)安装后目录结构如下:

bash 复制代码 
/d/Tdm-gcc
├── TDM-GCC-32
│   ├── __installer
│   ├── bin
│   ├── gdb32
│   ├── include
│   ├── lib
│   ├── libexec
│   ├── mingw32
│   ├── share
│   └── var
└── TDM-GCC-64
    ├── __installer
    ├── bin
    ├── gdb64
    ├── include
    ├── lib
    ├── libexec
    ├── share
    └── x86_64-w64-mingw32

创建 HelloWorld 工程

源文件

创建一个工程目录，并在该目录下创建HelloWorld.cpp文件

c++ 复制代码 
// Start of wxWidgets "Hello World" Program
#include <wx/wx.h>

class MyApp : public wxApp
{
public:
    bool OnInit() override;
};

wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

class MyFrame : public wxFrame
{
public:
    MyFrame();

private:
    void OnHello(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void OnExit(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& event);
};

enum
{
    ID_Hello = 1
};

bool MyApp::OnInit()
{
    MyFrame *frame = new MyFrame();
    frame->Show(true);
    return true;
}

MyFrame::MyFrame()
    : wxFrame(nullptr, wxID_ANY, "Hello World")
{
    wxMenu *menuFile = new wxMenu;
    menuFile->Append(ID_Hello, "&Hello...\tCtrl-H",
                     "Help string shown in status bar for this menu item");
    menuFile->AppendSeparator();
    menuFile->Append(wxID_EXIT);

    wxMenu *menuHelp = new wxMenu;
    menuHelp->Append(wxID_ABOUT);

    wxMenuBar *menuBar = new wxMenuBar;
    menuBar->Append(menuFile, "&File");
    menuBar->Append(menuHelp, "&Help");

    SetMenuBar( menuBar );

    CreateStatusBar();
    SetStatusText("Welcome to wxWidgets!");

    Bind(wxEVT_MENU, &MyFrame::OnHello, this, ID_Hello);
    Bind(wxEVT_MENU, &MyFrame::OnAbout, this, wxID_ABOUT);
    Bind(wxEVT_MENU, &MyFrame::OnExit, this, wxID_EXIT);
}

void MyFrame::OnExit(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    Close(true);
}

void MyFrame::OnAbout(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    wxMessageBox("This is a wxWidgets Hello World example",
                 "About Hello World", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION);
}

void MyFrame::OnHello(wxCommandEvent& event)
{
    wxLogMessage("Hello world from wxWidgets!");
}

VsCode 配置文件

配置 wxWidgets 目录

在工程文件夹的.vscode目录下的settings.json文件中添以下配置:

json 复制代码 
{
  "wxWidgets_gcc810": {
    // MinGW-w64 编译32位程序时的库文件和头文件
    "include_path": "D:\\wxWidgets\\wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc810_Dev\\include",
    "setup_path": "D:\\wxWidgets\\wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc810_Dev\\lib\\gcc810_dll\\mswu",
    "lib_path": "D:\\wxWidgets\\wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc810_Dev\\lib\\gcc810_dll"
  },
  "wxWidgets_gcc810_x64": {
    // MinGW-w64 编译64位程序时的库文件和头文件
    "include_path": "D:\\wxWidgets\\wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc810_x64_Dev\\include",
    "setup_path": "D:\\wxWidgets\\wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc810_x64_Dev\\lib\\gcc810_x64_dll\\mswu",
    "lib_path": "D:\\wxWidgets\\wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc810_x64_Dev\\lib\\gcc810_x64_dll"
  },
  "wxWidgets_tdmgcc": {
    // TDM-GCC 编译32位程序时的库文件和头文件
    "include_path": "D:/wxWidgets/wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc1030TDM_Dev/include",
    "setup_path": "D:/wxWidgets/wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc1030TDM_Dev/lib/gcc1030TDM_dll/mswu",
    "lib_path": "D:/wxWidgets/wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc1030TDM_Dev/lib/gcc1030TDM_dll"
  },
  "wxWidgets_tdmgcc_x64": {
    // TDM-GCC 编译64位程序时的库文件和头文件
    "include_path": "D:/wxWidgets/wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc1030TDM_x64_Dev/include",
    "setup_path": "D:/wxWidgets/wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc1030TDM_x64_Dev/lib/gcc1030TDM_x64_dll/mswu",
    "lib_path": "D:/wxWidgets/wxMSW-3.2.4_gcc1030TDM_x64_Dev/lib/gcc1030TDM_x64_dll"
  }
}
配置 C/C++ 环境

在工程文件夹的.vscode目录下的c_cpp_properties.json文件中添以下配置:

json 复制代码 
{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Win32",
      "includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/**",
        "${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.include_path}",
        "${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.setup_path}"
      ],
      "defines": ["_DEBUG", "UNICODE", "_UNICODE"],
      "compilerPath": "D:/MinGW-W64/x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
      "cStandard": "c17",
      "cppStandard": "gnu++14",
      "intelliSenseMode": "windows-gcc-x86"
    }
  ],
  "version": 4
}

主要添了头文件路 ${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.include_path} 对应 settings.json 文件下的 wxWidgets_gcc810 配置下的 include_path 对应的路径,
${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.setup_path} 对应 settings.json 文件下的 wxWidgets_gcc810 配置下的 setup_path 对应的路径

配置编译任务

在工程目录的.vscode文件夹下添加task.json文件:

json 复制代码 
{
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "tasks": [
    {
      "type": "cppbuild",
      "label": "MinGW-W64-W64 32位编译器生成32位应用程序",
      "command": "D:/MinGW-W64/i686-8.1.0-release-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw32/bin/g++.exe",
      "args": [
        "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
        "-s",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.include_path}",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.setup_path}",
        "-mwindows",
        "-L${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.lib_path}",
        "-lwxbase32u",
        "-lwxmsw32u_core"
      ],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "D:/MinGW-W64/i686-8.1.0-release-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw32/bin/"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": "build",
      "detail": "编译器: D:/MinGW-W64/i686-8.1.0-release-win32-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw32/bin/g++.exe"
    },
    {
      "type": "cppbuild",
      "label": "MinGW-W64-W64 64位编译器生成64位应用程序",
      "command": "D:/MinGW-W64/x86_64-8.1.0-release-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
      "args": [
        "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}_x64.exe",
        "-s",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_gcc810_x64.include_path}",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_gcc810_x64.setup_path}",
        "-mwindows",
        "-L${config:wxWidgets_gcc810_x64.lib_path}",
        "-lwxbase32u",
        "-lwxmsw32u_core"
      ],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "D:/MinGW-W64/x86_64-8.1.0-release-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": "build",
      "detail": "编译器: D:/MinGW-W64/x86_64-8.1.0-release-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/g++.exe"
    },
    {
      "type": "cppbuild",
      "label": "MinGW-W64-W64 64位编译器生成32位应用程序",
      "command": "D:/MinGW-W64/x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/g++.exe",
      "args": [
        "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}_x64_32.exe",
        "-m32",
        "-s",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.include_path}",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.setup_path}",
        "-mwindows",
        "-L${config:wxWidgets_gcc810.lib_path}",
        "-lwxbase32u",
        "-lwxmsw32u_core"
      ],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "D:/MinGW-W64/x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": "build",
      "detail": "编译器: D:/MinGW-W64/x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0/mingw64/bin/g++.exe"
    },
    {
      "type": "cppbuild",
      "label": "TDM-GCC 32位编译器生成32位应用程序",
      "command": "D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-32/bin/g++.exe",
      "args": [
        "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}_tdm.exe",
        "-s",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc.include_path}",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc.setup_path}",
        "-mwindows",
        "-L${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc.lib_path}",
        "-lwxbase32u",
        "-lwxmsw32u_core"
      ],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-32/bin/"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": "build",
      "detail": "编译器: D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-32/bin/g++.exe"
    },
    {
      "type": "cppbuild",
      "label": "TDM-GCC 64位编译器生成64位应用程序",
      "command": "D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-64/bin/g++.exe",
      "args": [
        "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}_tdm_x64.exe",
        "-s",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc_x64.include_path}",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc_x64.setup_path}",
        "-mwindows",
        "-L${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc_x64.lib_path}",
        "-lwxbase32u",
        "-lwxmsw32u_core"
      ],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-64/bin"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": "build",
      "detail": "编译器: D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-64/bin/g++.exe"
    },
    {
      "type": "cppbuild",
      "label": "TDM-GCC 64位编译器生成32位应用程序",
      "command": "D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-64/bin/g++.exe",
      "args": [
        "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
        "-g",
        "${file}",
        "-o",
        "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}_tdm_x64_32.exe",
        "-m32",
        "-s",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc.include_path}",
        "-I${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc.setup_path}",
        "-mwindows",
        "-L${config:wxWidgets_tdmgcc.lib_path}",
        "-lwxbase32u",
        "-lwxmsw32u_core"
      ],
      "options": {
        "cwd": "D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-64/bin"
      },
      "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
      "group": "build",
      "detail": "编译器: D:/TDM-GCC/TDM-GCC-64/bin/g++.exe"
    }
  ]
}

共添加了 6 个编译任务，分别对应 2 种编译器，每种编译器对应的生成 3 个可以行文件

  • 带 x64 的表示 64 位应用程序
  • 带 x64_32 表示由 64 位编译器生成的 32 位程序
  • 带 tdm 的表示由 TDM-GCC 编译生成

VsCode 打开 HelloWorld.cpp 时按 F1 输入run task选择对应的任务生成对应的应用程序

生成的应用程序对比

  1. tdm-gcc 生成的应用程序比 MinGW-w64 生成的应用程序略大
  2. MinGW-w64 比 tdm-gcc 生成的应用程序 多依赖 libgcc_s_sjlj-1.dll 和 libstdc++-6.dll 仅对比 32 位程序
  3. tdm-gcc 可以用 64 位编译器加 -m32 参数和回 wxWidgets 32位库文件 生成32位应用程序,
    但因为wxWidgets gcc810库文件32位和64位使用了不同的异常处理，x86_64-8.1.0-release-win32-seh-rt_v6-rev0是不能通过添加-m32参数来生成32位应用的，
    可以使用x86_64-8.1.0-release-posix-sjlj-rt_v6-rev0 添加 -m32参数和32位库文件来生成32位应用程序

个人觉得使用TDM-GCC省事些，而且可以只下载64位的TDM-GCC编译器来生成32位或64位的程序

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