模拟环境准备
创建一个名为school的数据库，创建一个名为Stuent的学生信息表
mysql> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use school;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE `Student` (
-> `Sno` int(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号', `Sname` varchar(16) NOT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
-> `Ssex` char(2) NOT NULL COMMENT '性别', `Sage` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '学生年龄',
-> `Sdept` varchar(16) DEFAULT 'NULL' COMMENT '学生所在系别', PRIMARY KEY (`Sno`)
-> ) ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)
mysql> INSERT INTO `Student` VALUES (1, '陆亚', '男', 24, '计算机网络'),(2, 'tom', '男', 26, '英语'),(3, '张阳', '男', 21, '物流管理'), (4, 'alex', '女', 22, '电 子商务');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
初始内容如下
完全备份
使用mysqldump命令进行完全备份
[root@openEuler-node3 mysqlbak]# mysqldump -u"root" -p"Root" --opt -B school > school.sql
# 其中 root和Root 分别为账号密码的意思，这样直接把密码写在命令行会警告行为不安全，实际应用中最好直接用-p
模拟增量备份环境
在Student表中插入数据，并把school库删除
mysql> INSERT INTO Student values(0005,'xumubin','男',29,'中文专业'),(0006,'wangzhao','男',21,'导弹专业');
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
做完这些就立刻刷新日志，来保存日志文件，并将日志文件备份防止二次破坏
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show binary logs;
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size | Encrypted |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
| binlog.000001 | 501 | No |
| binlog.000002 | 1816 | No |
| binlog.000003 | 157 | No |
+---------------+-----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> system cp /var/lib/mysql/binlog.000001 /mysqlbak
查看二进制日志获得时间点和位置点
#注意5.7版本，insert语句已经加密，默认看不到，查看时加上选项 --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS -vv
[root@openEuler-node3 mysqlbak]# mysqlbinlog binlog.000001 --base64-output=DECODE-ROWS -vv
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 1386
#240227 19:52:53 server id 1 end_log_pos 1456 CRC32 0xfa30a0c3 Table_map: `school`.`Student` mapped to number 90
# has_generated_invisible_primary_key=0
# at 1456
#240227 19:52:53 server id 1 end_log_pos 1554 CRC32 0xf298ba46 Write_rows: table id 90 flags: STMT_END_F
### INSERT INTO `school`.`Student`
### SET
### @1=5 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2='xumubin' /* VARSTRING(64) meta=64 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3='男' /* STRING(8) meta=65032 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @4=29 /* TINYINT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @5='中文专业' /* VARSTRING(64) meta=64 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
### INSERT INTO `school`.`Student`
### SET
### @1=6 /* INT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @2='wangzhao' /* VARSTRING(64) meta=64 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @3='男' /* STRING(8) meta=65032 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @4=21 /* TINYINT meta=0 nullable=0 is_null=0 */
### @5='导弹专业' /* VARSTRING(64) meta=64 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
# at 1554
#240227 19:52:53 server id 1 end_log_pos 1585 CRC32 0xb5de1e01 Xid = 43
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 1585
#240227 19:53:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 1662 CRC32 0xafbdf1bc Anonymous_GTID last_committed=4 sequence_number=5 rbr_only=no original_committed_timestamp=1709034781101072 immediate_commit_timestamp=1709034781101072 transaction_length=187
# 我只截取了日志中增量部分方便截取时间点和位置点
1.基于时间点回复
查看二进制文件02，并截取需要增量备份的起止时间，用mysqlbinlog完成时间点增量回复
[root@openEuler-node3 mysqlbak]# mysqlbinlog binlog.000002 --start-datetime="2024-02-27 19:52:53" --stop-datetime="2024-02-27 19:53:01" -r time1.sql
先完全备份
mysql> source /mysqlbak/school.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from school.Student;
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
| 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 |
| 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 |
| 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 |
| 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 |
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
还原增量备份
mysql> source /mysqlbak/time1.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Charset changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from school.Student;
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
| 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 |
| 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 |
| 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 |
| 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 |
| 5 | xumubin | 男 | 29 | 中文专业 |
| 6 | wangzhao | 男 | 21 | 导弹专业 |
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
表的内容完整，回复完成
2.基于位置点恢复
准备工作：先把库删了
然后用mysqlbiblog --start-postions 命令进行位置点回复
[root@openEuler-node3 mysqlbak]# mysqlbinlog binlog.000002 --start-position=1386 --stop-position=1585 -r pos1.sql
先在数据库回复完全备份，再回复增量备份
mysql> drop database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> source /mysqlbak/school.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Database changed
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from school.Student;
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
| 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 |
| 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 |
| 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 |
| 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 |
+-----+--------+------+------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> source /mysqlbak/pos1.sql
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from school.Student;
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
| Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
| 1 | 陆亚 | 男 | 24 | 计算机网络 |
| 2 | tom | 男 | 26 | 英语 |
| 3 | 张阳 | 男 | 21 | 物流管理 |
| 4 | alex | 女 | 22 | 电子商务 |
| 5 | xumubin | 男 | 29 | 中文专业 |
| 6 | wangzhao | 男 | 21 | 导弹专业 |
+-----+----------+------+------+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)