贪食蛇(也叫贪吃蛇)是一款经典的小游戏。
本博客实现使用C语言在Windows环境的控制台中模拟实现贪吃蛇小游戏。
实行的基本功能:
• 贪吃蛇地图的绘制
• 蛇吃食物的功能(上、下、左、右方向键来控制蛇的方向)
• 蛇撞墙死亡
• 蛇撞自身死亡
• 计算得分
• 蛇身加速、减速
• 暂停游戏
主要框架(主要函数):
cs
GameStrat();//游戏开始前的初始化
GameRun();//玩游戏的过程
GameEnd();//善后工作(节点的释放)
游戏流程设计:
参考代码:
snake.h
cs
#pragma once
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#define WALL L'□'
#define BODY L'●'
#define FOOD L'★'
//蛇默认的起始坐标
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
#define KEY_PRESS(VK) ( (GetAsyncKeyState(VK) & 0x1) ? 1 : 0 )
//游戏的状态
enum GAME_STATUS
{
OK=1,//正常运行
ESC, //按了ESC键退出,正常退出
KILL_BY_WALL,//撞墙
KILL_BY_SELF //撞到自身
};
//蛇行走的方向
enum DIRECTION
{
UP=1,
DOWN,
LEFT,
RIGHT
};
//蛇身结点的定义
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
int x;
int y;
struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;
//贪吃蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
pSnakeNode pSnake;//维护整条蛇的指针,是指向蛇头
pSnakeNode pFood;//指向食物的指针
int Score;//当前累积的分数
int FoodWeight;//一个食物的分数
int SleepTime;//蛇休眠的时间,休眠的时间越短,蛇的速度越快,休眠的时间越长,蛇的速度越慢
enum GAME_STATUS status;//游戏当前的状态
enum DIRECTION dir;//蛇当前走的方向
//...
}Snake, * pSnake;
//定位控制台光标位置
void SetPos(int x, int y);
//游戏开始前的准备
void GameStart(pSnake ps);
//打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
void CreateMap();
//初始化贪吃蛇
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);
//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);
//游戏运行的整个逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);
//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();
//蛇移动的函数- 每次走一步
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);
//判断蛇头的下一步要走的位置处是否是食物
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//下一步要走的位置处就是食物,就吃掉食物
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//下一步要走的位置处不是食物,不吃食物
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext);
//检测是否撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//检测是否撞自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);
//游戏结束的资源释放
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);
snake.c
cs
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "snake.h"
void SetPos(int x,int y)
{
//获得设备句柄
HANDLE hanlde = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
//根据句柄设置光标的位置
COORD pos = { x, y };
SetConsoleCursorPosition(hanlde, pos);
}
void WelcomeToGame()
{
//欢迎信息
SetPos(35, 10);
printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");
SetPos(38, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
//功能介绍信息
SetPos(15, 10);
printf("用 ↑ . ↓ . ← . → 来控制蛇的移动,F3是加速,F4是减速");
SetPos(15, 11);
printf("加速能得到更高的分数");
SetPos(38, 20);
system("pause");
system("cls");
}
void CreateMap()
{
int i = 0;
//上
SetPos(0, 0);
for (i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//下
SetPos(0, 26);
for (i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
{
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//左
for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
{
SetPos(0, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
//右
for (i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
{
SetPos(56, i);
wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
}
}
void InitSnake(pSnake ps)
{
//创建5个蛇身的结点
pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (cur == NULL)
{
perror("InitSnake():malloc()");
return;
}
cur->x = POS_X + 2 * i;
cur->y = POS_Y;
cur->next = NULL;
//头插法
if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
{
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
else
{
cur->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = cur;
}
}
//打印蛇身
cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//贪吃蛇的其他信息初始化
ps->dir = RIGHT;
ps->FoodWeight = 10;
ps->pFood = NULL;
ps->Score = 0;
ps->SleepTime = 200;
ps->status = OK;
}
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
again:
do
{
x = rand() % 53 + 2;
y = rand() % 24 + 1;
} while (x % 2 != 0);
//坐标和蛇的身体的每个节点的做坐标比较
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
{
goto again;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
//创建食物
pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pFood == NULL)
{
perror("CreateFood()::malloc()");
return;
}
pFood->x = x;
pFood->y = y;
ps->pFood = pFood;
SetPos(x, y);
wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);
}
void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
//设置控制台的信息,窗口大小,窗口名
system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
system("title 贪吃蛇");
//隐藏光标
HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息
CursorInfo.bVisible = false;
SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);
//打印欢迎信息
WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
CreateMap();
//初始化蛇
InitSnake(ps);
//创建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
void PrintHelpInfo()
{
SetPos(62, 15);
printf("1.不能穿墙,不能咬到自己");
SetPos(62, 16);
printf("2.用 ↑.↓.←.→ 来控制蛇的移动");
SetPos(62, 17);
printf("3.F3是加速,F4是减速");
SetPos(62, 19);
printf("版权@比特就业课");
}
void pause()
{
while (1)
{
Sleep(100);
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
break;
}
}
}
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
if (ps->pFood->x == pNext->x && ps->pFood->y == pNext->y)
return 1;//下一个坐标处是食物
else
return 0;
}
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pNext;
//打印蛇
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
ps->Score += ps->FoodWeight;
//释放旧的食物
free(ps->pFood);
//新建食物
CreateFood(ps);
}
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pNext)
{
//头插法
pNext->next = ps->pSnake;
ps->pSnake = pNext;
//释放尾结点
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
while (cur->next->next)
{
SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
wprintf(L"%lc", BODY);
cur = cur->next;
}
//将尾节点的位置打印成空白字符
SetPos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
printf(" ");
free(cur->next);
cur->next = NULL;//易错
}
//检测是否撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 ||
ps->pSnake->x == 56 ||
ps->pSnake->y == 0 ||
ps->pSnake->y == 26)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
}
}
//检测是否撞自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;//从第二个节点开始
while (cur)
{
if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
{
ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF;
return;
}
cur = cur->next;
}
}
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
pSnakeNode pNext = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
if (pNext == NULL)
{
perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
return;
}
pNext->next = NULL;
switch (ps->dir)
{
case UP:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
break;
case DOWN:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
break;
case LEFT:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x-2;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
case RIGHT:
pNext->x = ps->pSnake->x+2;
pNext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
break;
}
//下一个坐标处是否是食物
if (NextIsFood(ps, pNext))
{
//是食物就吃掉
EatFood(ps, pNext);
}
else
{
//不是食物就正常一步
NotEatFood(ps, pNext);
}
//检测撞墙
KillByWall(ps);
//检测撞到自己
KillBySelf(ps);
}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
//打印帮助信息
PrintHelpInfo();
do
{
//当前的分数情况
SetPos(62, 10);
printf("总分:%5d\n", ps->Score);
SetPos(62, 11);
printf("食物的分值:%02d\n", ps->FoodWeight);
//检测按键
//上、下、左、右、ESC、空格、F3、F4
if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->dir != DOWN)
{
ps->dir = UP;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
{
ps->dir = DOWN;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
{
ps->dir = LEFT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
{
ps->dir = RIGHT;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
{
ps->status = ESC;
break;
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
{
//游戏要暂定
pause();//暂定和回复暂定
}
else if(KEY_PRESS(VK_F3))
{
if (ps->SleepTime >= 80)
{
ps->SleepTime -= 30;
ps->FoodWeight += 2;
}
}
else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F4))
{
if (ps->FoodWeight > 2)
{
ps->SleepTime += 30;
ps->FoodWeight -= 2;
}
}
//走一步
SnakeMove(ps);
//睡眠一下
Sleep(ps->SleepTime);
} while (ps->status == OK);
}
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
SetPos(15, 12);
switch (ps->status)
{
case ESC:
printf("主动退出游戏,正常退出\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_WALL:
printf("很遗憾,撞墙了,游戏结束\n");
break;
case KILL_BY_SELF:
printf("很遗憾,咬到自己了,游戏结束\n");
break;
}
//释放贪吃蛇的链表资源
pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
pSnakeNode del = NULL;
while (cur)
{
del = cur;
cur = cur->next;
free(del);
}
free(ps->pFood);
ps = NULL;
}
test.c
cs
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "snake.h"
void test()
{
//创建贪食蛇
int ch = 0;
do
{
Snake snake = { 0 };
GameStart(&snake);//游戏开始前的初始化
GameRun(&snake);//玩游戏的过程
GameEnd(&snake);//善后的工作
SetPos(20, 15);
printf("再来一局吗?(Y/N):");
ch = getchar();
getchar();// 清理\n
} while (ch == 'Y' || ch =='y');
}
int main()
{
//修改适配本地中文环境
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
test();//贪吃蛇游戏的测试
SetPos(0, 27);
return 0;
}
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