1. 简单使用
RestTemplate
底层是通过HttpURLConnection
实现的。
(1)getForObject
java
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(https://blog.csdn.net/mryang125/article/details/80955558);
String url = "http://localhost:8080/user/{id}";
UserVo userVo = restTemplate.getForObject(url, UserVo.class, id);
第一个参数表示URL
,第二个参数表示返回类型,第三个参数表示URI
中对应的参数,是一个可变长参数,可按顺序写多个参数。
(2)getForEntity
java
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://localhost:8080/users/{userName}/{note}/{start}/{limit}";
//使用map封装多个参数
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("userName", userName);
params.put("note", note);
params.put("start", start);
params.put("limit", limit);
ResponseEntity<List> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, List.class, params);
List<UserVo> userVos = responseEntity.getBody();
(3)postForObject
java
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://localhost:8080/user";
//设置请求头
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
//创建请求实体对象
HttpEntity<UserVo> request = new HttpEntity<>(newUserVo, headers);
User user = restTemplate.postForObject(url, request, User.class);
(4)postForEntity
java
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://localhost:8080/user";
//设置请求头
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
//创建请求实体对象
HttpEntity<UserVo> request = new HttpEntity<>(newUserVo, headers);
//请求服务器
ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, request, User.class);
//获取响应体
User user = responseEntity.getBody();
//获取响应头
HttpHeaders respHeaders = responseEntity.getHeaders();
//获取响应属性
List<String> success = respHeaders.get("success");
//获取响应状态码
int statusCode = responseEntity.getStatusCodeValue();
(5)delete
java
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
restTemplate.delete("http://localhost:8080/use/{id}", id);
(6)exchange
RestTemplate
还提供了一个exchange
方法,该方法比上面的方法灵活,可以通过制定参数实现各种Http
请求。下面列出Spring
提供的八种方法。
java
<T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(String url, HttpMethod method, HttpEntity<?> requestEntity, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables) throws RestClientException;
<T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(String url, HttpMethod method, HttpEntity<?> requestEntity, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables) throws RestClientException;
<T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(URI url, HttpMethod method, HttpEntity<?> requestEntity, Class<T> responseType) throws RestClientException;
<T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(String url,HttpMethod method, HttpEntity<?> requestEntity, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables) throws RestClientException;
<T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(String url, HttpMethod method, HttpEntity<?> requestEntity, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables) throws RestClientException;
<T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(URI url, HttpMethod method, HttpEntity<?> requestEntity, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType) throws RestClientException;
<T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(RequestEntity<?> requestEntity, Class<T> responseType) throws RestClientException;
<T> ResponseEntity<T> exchange(RequestEntity<?> requestEntity, ParameterizedTypeReference<T> responseType) throws RestClientException;
下面写一个使用例子:
java
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://localhost:8080/user";
//设置请求头
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
//创建请求实体对象
HttpEntity<UserVo> request = new HttpEntity<>(newUserVo, headers);
//请求服务器
ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, User.class);
//获取响应体
User user = responseEntity.getBody();
//获取响应头
HttpHeaders respHeaders = responseEntity.getHeaders();
//获取响应属性
List<String> success = respHeaders.get("success");
//获取响应状态码
int statusCode = responseEntity.getStatusCodeValue();
//获取资源
String url1 = "http://localhost:8080/user/{id}";
ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity1 = restTemplate.exchange(url1, HttpMethod.GET, null, User.class, id);
//获取响应体
User user1 = responseEntity1.getBody();
2. 使用泛型
使用泛型接收响应,这里添加一个返回类型中泛型的使用方法:
java
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestClientException;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
//创建请求实体对象,这里将参数转换为JSON字符串了
HttpEntity<String> request = new HttpEntity<>(paramJsonStr, headers);
//请求服务器
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
String url = "http://www.baidu.com/task";
ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
try {
//统一使用String接收响应,再用Jackson转为对应的实体类
responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, request, String.class);
//这里使用try...catch是因为有可能因为网络原因出现错误,RestClientException 的子类 ResourceAccessException 异常
} catch (RestClientException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (responseEntity != null) {
//获取响应体
String body = responseEntity.getBody();
//使用Jackson转为对应的实体类,这里的Result中使用到了泛型,用来应对多种格式
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
Result<Ret> result = mapper.readValue(body, new TypeReference<Result<Ret>>() {});
if (result != null) {
//使用了泛型,不同的请求这里就可以获取到不同类型的data
Ret data = result.getData();
System.out.println("data : " + data);
}
}
java
@Data
public class Result<T> {
private String logid;
private T data;
private Integer status;
private String message;
private Double st;
private Double crt;
}
java
@Data
public class Ret {
private Boolean ret;
private String photoId;
}