ELK日志管理实现的3种常见方法

上海运维Q先生2024-03-21 3:04

ELK日志管理实现的3种常见方法

1. 日志收集方法

1.1 使用DaemonSet方式日志收集

通过将node节点的/var/log/pods目录挂载给以DaemonSet方式部署的logstash来读取容器日志,并将日志吐给kafka并分布写入Zookeeper数据库.再使用logstash将Zookeeper中的数据写入ES,并通过kibana将数据进行展示.

标准日志和错误日志:

标准日志 -->/dev/stdout

错误日志 ----> /dev/stderr

1.2 使用Logstash SideCar日志收集

pod中两个容器,1个是业务容器,另一个是日志收集容器,通过emptydir实现文件共享

1.3 容器镜像中filebeat进程日志收集

对业务容器镜像修改,容器中启动filebeat

3种方式的对比:

  1. daemonset资源占用更少
  2. sidecar和filebeat可以更多的定制,但sidecar资源占用会更多

2. ElasticSearch集群部署

2.1 ElasticSearch器安装

  1. 下载deb包

清华源下载elasticsearch-7.12.1-amd64.deb

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/elasticstack/7.x/apt/pool/main/e/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.12.1-amd64.deb

  1. 3台ES服务器安装
bash 复制代码 
dpkg -i elasticsearch-7.12.1-amd64.deb
  1. 修改配置文件
bash 复制代码 
vi /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
yaml 复制代码 
cluster.name: k8s-els # 保证一样
node.name: es-01  # 3台保证不同
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true  # 启动占用内存,如果打开需要修改/etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options
				#	在/etc/elasticsearch/jvm.options中打开以下选项确保内存占用是连续的
				                          ## -Xms4g
										## -Xmx4g
# 监听地址和端口
network.host: 192.168.31.101 # 也可以写成0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
# 集群中有哪些服务器
discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.31.101", "192.168.31.102","192.168.31.103"]
# 哪些服务器可以作为master
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["192.168.31.101", "192.168.31.102","192.168.31.103"]
# 删除数据不允许模糊匹配
action.destructive_requires_name: true
  1. 启动elasticsearch
bash 复制代码 
systemctl enable --now elasticsearch.service
  1. 确认服务启动完成
bash 复制代码 
systemctl status elasticsearch.service

2.2 Kibana安装

  1. 下载

清华源下载kibana-7.12.1-amd64.deb

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/elasticstack/7.x/apt/pool/main/k/kibana/kibana-7.12.1-amd64.deb

  1. 安装
bash 复制代码 
dpkg -i kibana-7.12.1-amd64.deb
  1. 修改配置
bash 复制代码 
vi /etc/kibana/kibana.yml

修改内容

yaml 复制代码 
server.port: 5601
server.host: "192.168.31.101" # 也可以写成0.0.0.0
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://192.168.31.101:9200"] # 任意一个节点即可
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"
  1. 启动服务
bash 复制代码 
systemctl enable --now kibana
  1. 确认服务
bash 复制代码 
systemctl status kibana

3. Zookeeper集群部署

3.1 Zookeeper安装

  1. 下载

官网下载zookeeper3.6.4(https://zookeeper.apache.org/)

https://archive.apache.org/dist/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.6.4/apache-zookeeper-3.6.4-bin.tar.gz

  1. 安装

zookeeper依赖jdk8,先安装jdk8

bash 复制代码 
apt install openjdk-8-jdk -y

解压缩zookeeper

bash 复制代码 
mkdir /apps
cd /apps
tar xf apache-zookeeper-3.6.4-bin.tar.gz
ln -sf /apps/apache-zookeeper-3.6.4-bin /apps/zookeeper
  1. 配置修改
bash 复制代码 
cd /apps/zookeeper/conf/
cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg

修改配置文件

bash 复制代码 
vi /apps/zookeeper/conf/zoo.cfg
yaml 复制代码 
# 检查时间间隔
tickTime=2000
# 初始化次数
initLimit=10
# 存活检查次数
syncLimit=5
# 数据目录
dataDir=/data/zookeeper
# 客户端端口
clientPort=2181
# 集群配置 2888数据同步,3888集群选举
server.1=192.168.31.111:2888:3888
server.2=192.168.31.112:2888:3888
server.3=192.168.31.113:2888:3888

创建数据id

bash 复制代码 
mkdir -p /data/zookeeper
echo 1 > /data/zookeeper/myid # 其他节点依次为2和3
  1. 启动服务
bash 复制代码 
/apps/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start

5.确认

bash 复制代码 
/apps/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh status

确认状态是leader或者是follower

3.2 Kafka安装

1.下载

官网下载kafka(https://zookeeper.apache.org/)

https://dlcdn.apache.org/kafka/3.7.0/kafka_2.13-3.7.0.tgz

  1. 安装

解压kafka包

bash 复制代码 
tar xf kafka_2.13-3.7.0.tgz
ln -sf /apps/kafka_2.13-3.7.0 /apps/kafka
  1. 配置修改
bash 复制代码 
cd /apps/kafka/config/
vi server.properties

修改内容

yaml 复制代码 
# 节点id保证不重复
broker.id=111
# 本机ip
listeners=PLAINTEXT://192.168.31.111:9092  # 确保每台服务器定义自己的ip
# 日志目录
log.dirs=/data/kafka-logs
# 数据保留时间 默认7天
log.retention.hours=168
# zookeeper集群连接配置
zookeeper.connect=192.168.31.111:2181,192.168.31.112:2181,192.168.31.113:2181

  1. 启动服务

    3台服务器上,以daemon方式启动服务

bash 复制代码 
/apps/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh -daemon /apps/kafka/config/server.properties
  1. 确认
    启动后会监听在9092端口
bash 复制代码 
ss -ntlp|grep 9092

通过offset Explorer

4. Logstash安装

  1. 下载

logstash-7.12.1-amd64.deb

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/elasticstack/7.x/apt/pool/main/l/logstash/logstash-7.12.1-amd64.deb

  1. 安装
bash 复制代码 
apt install openjdk-8-jdk -y
dpkg -i logstash-7.12.1-amd64.deb
  1. 配置修改

vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/daemonset-log-to-es.conf

yaml 复制代码 
input {
  kafka {
    bootstrap_servers => "192.168.31.111:9092,192.168.31.112:9092,192.168.31.113:9092"
    topics => ["jsonfile-log-topic"]
    codec => "json"
  }
}

output {
  #if [fields][type] == "app1-access-log" {
  if [type] == "jsonfile-daemonset-applog" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["192.168.31.101:9200","192.168.31.102:9200"]
      index => "jsonfile-daemonset-applog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }}

  if [type] == "jsonfile-daemonset-syslog" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["192.168.31.101:9200","192.168.31.102:9200"]
      index => "jsonfile-daemonset-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }}

}
  1. 启动
bash 复制代码 
systemctl enable --now logstash.service
  1. 测试
bash 复制代码 
 systemctl status logstash.service

5. DaemonSet

5.1 构建镜像

Dockerfile

yaml 复制代码 
FROM logstash:7.12.1
USER root
WORKDIR /usr/share/logstash 
#RUN rm -rf config/logstash-sample.conf
ADD logstash.yml /usr/share/logstash/config/logstash.yml
ADD logstash.conf /usr/share/logstash/pipeline/logstash.conf

logstash.conf

conf 复制代码 
input {
  file {
    #path => "/var/lib/docker/containers/*/*-json.log" #docker
    path => "/var/log/pods/*/*/*.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
    type => "jsonfile-daemonset-applog"
  }

  file {
    path => "/var/log/*.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
    type => "jsonfile-daemonset-syslog"
  }
}

output {
  if [type] == "jsonfile-daemonset-applog" {
    kafka {
      bootstrap_servers => "${KAFKA_SERVER}"
      topic_id => "${TOPIC_ID}"
      batch_size => 16384  #logstash每次向ES传输的数据量大小,单位为字节
      codec => "${CODEC}" 
   } }

  if [type] == "jsonfile-daemonset-syslog" {
    kafka {
      bootstrap_servers => "${KAFKA_SERVER}"
      topic_id => "${TOPIC_ID}"
      batch_size => 16384
      codec => "${CODEC}" #系统日志不是json格式
  }}
}

logstash.yml

yaml 复制代码 
http.host: "0.0.0.0"
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.hosts: [ "http://elasticsearch:9200" ]

构建镜像

bash 复制代码 
nerdctl build -t harbor.panasonic.cn/baseimages/logstash:v7.12.1-json-file-log-v2 .
nerdctl push harbor.panasonic.cn/baseimages/logstash:v7.12.1-json-file-log-v2

5.2 DaemonSet

DaemonSet yaml文件

yaml 复制代码 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: logstash-elasticsearch
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: logstash-logging
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: logstash-elasticsearch
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: logstash-elasticsearch
    spec:
      tolerations:
      # this toleration is to have the daemonset runnable on master nodes
      # remove it if your masters can't run pods
      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
        operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      containers:
      - name: logstash-elasticsearch
        image: harbor.panasonic.cn/baseimages/logstash:v7.12.1-json-file-log-v1
        env:
        - name: "KAFKA_SERVER"
          value: "192.168.31.111:9092,192.168.31.112:9092,192.168.31.113:9092"
        - name: "TOPIC_ID"
          value: "jsonfile-log-topic"
        - name: "CODEC"
          value: "json"
#        resources:
#          limits:
#            cpu: 1000m
#            memory: 1024Mi
#          requests:
#            cpu: 500m
#            memory: 1024Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: varlog #定义宿主机系统日志挂载路径
          mountPath: /var/log #宿主机系统日志挂载点
        - name: varlibdockercontainers #定义容器日志挂载路径,和logstash配置文件中的收集路径保持一直
          #mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers #docker挂载路径
          mountPath: /var/log/pods #containerd挂载路径,此路径与logstash的日志收集路径必须一致
          readOnly: false
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
      volumes:
      - name: varlog
        hostPath:
          path: /var/log #宿主机系统日志
      - name: varlibdockercontainers
        hostPath:
          path: /var/lib/docker/containers #docker的宿主机日志路径
          path: /var/log/pods #containerd的宿主机日志路径

部署

bash 复制代码 
kubectl apply daemonset.yaml

此时在Elasticsearch的dashboard上已经可以看到applog和syslog

配置logstash服务器将日志从kafka抽到es上

bash 复制代码 
vi /etc/logstash/conf.d/daemonset-log-to-es.conf

配置kafka地址和es地址

yaml 复制代码 
input {
  kafka {
    bootstrap_servers => "192.168.31.111:9092,192.168.31.112:9092,192.168.31.113:9092"
    topics => ["jsonfile-log-topic"]
    codec => "json"
  }
}


output {
  #if [fields][type] == "app1-access-log" {
  if [type] == "jsonfile-daemonset-applog" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["192.168.31.101:9200","192.168.31.102:9200"]
      index => "jsonfile-daemonset-applog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }}

  if [type] == "jsonfile-daemonset-syslog" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["192.168.31.101:9200","192.168.31.102:9200"]
      index => "jsonfile-daemonset-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }}

}

重启服务后可以在es服务器上看到相关数据

相关内容也符合我们的预期

手动加入一段日志

bash 复制代码 
root@k8s-master01# echo 'test-20240312-14:13' >> /var/log/dpkg.log

日志也出现在els中

es服务器上创建syslog索引

日志前缀加*匹配日志

选择timestramp

同样,再次创建applog

6. SideCar

6.1 构建镜像

dockerfile

yaml 复制代码 
FROM logstash:7.12.1

USER root
WORKDIR /usr/share/logstash 
#RUN rm -rf config/logstash-sample.conf
ADD logstash.yml /usr/share/logstash/config/logstash.yml
ADD logstash.conf /usr/share/logstash/pipeline/logstash.conf

logstash.conf

yaml 复制代码 
input {
  file {
    path => "/var/log/applog/catalina.out"
    start_position => "beginning"
    type => "app1-sidecar-catalina-log"
  }
  file {
    path => "/var/log/applog/localhost_access_log.*.txt"
    start_position => "beginning"
    type => "app1-sidecar-access-log"
  }
}

output {
  if [type] == "app1-sidecar-catalina-log" {
    kafka {
      bootstrap_servers => "${KAFKA_SERVER}"
      topic_id => "${TOPIC_ID}"
      batch_size => 16384  #logstash每次向ES传输的数据量大小,单位为字节
      codec => "${CODEC}" 
   } }

  if [type] == "app1-sidecar-access-log" {
    kafka {
      bootstrap_servers => "${KAFKA_SERVER}"
      topic_id => "${TOPIC_ID}"
      batch_size => 16384
      codec => "${CODEC}"
  } }
}

logstash.yml

yaml 复制代码 
http.host: "0.0.0.0"
#xpack.monitoring.elasticsearch.hosts: [ "http://elasticsearch:9200"

build-commond.sh

yaml 复制代码 
#!/bin/bash

#docker build -t harbor.magedu.local/baseimages/logstash:v7.12.1-sidecar .

#docker push harbor.magedu.local/baseimages/logstash:v7.12.1-sidecar
nerdctl  build -t harbor.panasonic.cn/baseimages/logstash:v7.12.1-sidecar .
nerdctl push harbor.panasonic.cn/baseimages/logstash:v7.12.1-sidecar

6.2 SideCar

tomcat-app1.yaml

yaml 复制代码 
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: pana-tomcat-app1-deployment-label
  name: pana-tomcat-app1-deployment #当前版本的deployment 名称
  namespace: pana
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: pana-tomcat-app1-selector
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: pana-tomcat-app1-selector
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: sidecar-container
        image: harbor.panasonic.cn/baseimages/logstash:v7.12.1-sidecar
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        #imagePullPolicy: Always
        env:
        - name: "KAFKA_SERVER"
          value: "192.168.31.111:9092,192.168.31.112:9092,192.168.31.113:9092"
        - name: "TOPIC_ID"
          value: "tomcat-app1-topic"
        - name: "CODEC"
          value: "json"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: applogs
          mountPath: /var/log/applog
      - name: pana-tomcat-app1-container
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/zhangshijie/tomcat-app1:v1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        #imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
        env:
        - name: "password"
          value: "123456"
        - name: "age"
          value: "18"
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 1
            memory: "512Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: "512Mi"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: applogs
          mountPath: /apps/tomcat/logs
        startupProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /myapp/index.html
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5 #首次检测延迟5s
          failureThreshold: 3  #从成功转为失败的次数
          periodSeconds: 3 #探测间隔周期
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            #path: /monitor/monitor.html
            path: /myapp/index.html
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 3
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 3
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            #path: /monitor/monitor.html
            path: /myapp/index.html
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 3
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 3
      volumes:
      - name: applogs #定义通过emptyDir实现业务容器与sidecar容器的日志共享，以让sidecar收集业务容器中的日志
        emptyDir: {}

tomcat-service.yaml

yaml 复制代码 
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: pana-tomcat-app1-service-label
  name: pana-tomcat-app1-service
  namespace: pana
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8080
    nodePort: 40080
  selector:
    app: pana-tomcat-app1-selector

sidecar.conf

yaml 复制代码 
input {
  kafka {
    bootstrap_servers => "192.168.31.111:9092,192.168.31.112:9092,192.168.31.113:9092"
    topics => ["tomcat-app1-topic"]
    codec => "json"
  }
}

output {
  #if [fields][type] == "app1-access-log" {
  if [type] == "app1-sidecar-access-log" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["192.168.31.101:9200","192.168.31.102:9200"]
      index => "sidecar-app1-accesslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }
  }
  #if [fields][type] == "app1-catalina-log" {
  if [type] == "app1-sidecar-catalina-log" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["192.168.31.101:9200","192.168.31.102:9200"]
      index => "sidecar-app1-catalinalog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }
  }
#  stdout {
#    codec => rubydebug
#  }
}

7. 容器镜像中安装filebeat

7.1 镜像制作

1.Dockerfile

filebeat-7.12.1-amd64.deb 从清华镜像源获取 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/elasticstack/7.x/apt/pool/main/f/filebeat/

yaml 复制代码 
#tomcat web1
FROM tomcat:8.5.99-jdk8

ADD filebeat-7.12.1-amd64.deb /tmp/
RUN dpkg -i /tmp/filebeat-7.12.1-amd64.deb && rm -f /tmp/filebeat-7.12.1-amd64.deb
ADD catalina.sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh
ADD server.xml /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
ADD myapp.tar.gz /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/myapp/
ADD run_tomcat.sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/run_tomcat.sh
ADD filebeat.yml /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml 
ADD sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list

EXPOSE 8080 8443

CMD ["/usr/local/tomcat/bin/run_tomcat.sh"]

run_tomcat.sh

yaml 复制代码 
#!/bin/bash
/usr/share/filebeat/bin/filebeat -e -c /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml -path.home /usr/share/filebeat -path.config /etc/filebeat -path.data /var/lib/filebeat -path.logs /var/log/filebeat &
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
tail -f /etc/hosts

server.xml

yaml 复制代码 
<Host name="localhost"  appBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps"  unpackWARs="false" autoDeploy="false">

镜像制作

7.2 服务创建

  1. serviceaccount
yaml 复制代码 
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: filebeat-serviceaccount-clusterrole
  labels:
    k8s-app: filebeat-serviceaccount-clusterrole
rules:
- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
  resources:
  - namespaces
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - watch
  - list

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: filebeat-serviceaccount-clusterrolebinding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: default
  namespace: pana
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: filebeat-serviceaccount-clusterrole
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  1. deployment
yaml 复制代码 
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: pana-tomcat-app1-filebeat-deployment-label
  name: pana-tomcat-app1-filebeat-deployment
  namespace: pana
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: pana-tomcat-app1-filebeat-selector
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: pana-tomcat-app1-filebeat-selector
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: pana-tomcat-app1-filebeat-container
        image: harbor.panasonic.cn/tomcat/tomcat-app1:v11
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
        env:
        - name: "password"
          value: "123456"
        - name: "age"
          value: "18"
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 1
            memory: "512Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: "512Mi"
  1. service
yaml 复制代码 
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: pana-tomcat-app1-filebeat-service-label
  name: pana-tomcat-app1-filebeat-service
  namespace: pana
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8080
    nodePort: 30092
  selector:
    app: pana-tomcat-app1-filebeat-selector
bash 复制代码 
kubectl apply -f *.yaml

7.3 logstash配置

yaml 复制代码 
input {
  kafka {
    bootstrap_servers => "192.168.31.111:9092,192.168.31.112:9092,192.168.31.113:9092"
    topics => ["filebeat-tomcat-app1"]
    codec => "json"
  }
}

output {
  if [fields][type] == "filebeat-tomcat-catalina" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["192.168.31.101:9200","192.168.31.102:9200"]
      index => "filebeat-tomcat-catalina-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }}

  if [fields][type] == "filebeat-tomcat-accesslog" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["192.168.31.101:9200","192.168.31.102:9200"]
      index => "filebeat-tomcat-accesslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    }}
}

重启logstash服务

bash 复制代码 
systemctl restart logstash

7.4 sls日志查询

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