jasmine学习（二）--API

jasmine基本结构：

describe('当前测试标题/描述' , ()=>{

    let num ： number;

    beforeEach(()=>{
        // 这个是在每个it之前执行的
        num = 0;
        num +=1;
    });

    afterEach(()=>{
        // 每个it之后执行的
        num = 0;
    });

    it('该测试用例要测试的内容文本描述', ()=>{
        expect(true).toBe(true);    
    });

    describe('nested inside describe', function(){
        var bar; 
 
        beforeEach(function(){
            bar = 1;
        });
 
        // exec outer's describe beforeEach > this describe's beforeEach
        it('可以访问外部describe的beforeEach的变量', function(){
            expect(foo).toEqual(bar);
        });
    });


});

API

分组 describe(string，function)

属于全局函数，两个参数

1.string 组函数的描述

2.测试组函数

describe的作用就是相当于包含多个it的群组的测试，describe可以嵌套，也就是可以包含多个describe，it，beforeEach等函数

describe('a suite', function(){ //这是一个测试分组
    it('with an expactation',function(){
        expect(true).toBe(true);
    });
});

测试 it(string, function)

两个参数

1. string 具体测试的名称或文本描述

2. function 具体测试的函数方法

it属于具体的spec测试，只有当里面的expect断言全部为true才表示测试通过，否侧都是测试失败

describe('a suit', function(){
    var a = 10;
    it('is a test', function(){
        var a = true;
        expect(a).toBe(true);
    });
});

期望 expect()

expect是指该测试期望出现的值，一般搭配匹配to*()方法来具体执行判断逻辑

desribe('the "toBe" matcher compares with "===" ', function(){
    it('positive expect', function(){
        expect(true).toBe(true);
    });
 
    it('negative expect', function(){
        expect(false).not.toBe(true);
    });
});

匹配 to*()

每个匹配方法在期望值和实际值中执行逻辑比较，来告诉jasmine断言的真假，以此判断测试是否通过。

• 肯定断言： expect(true).toBe(true);
• 否定断言：expect(false).not.toBe(true);

内置的一些匹配方法：

• toBe(): 等同于 === ，用来比较变量
• toEqual(): 用来处理变量，数组，对象等
• toMatch(): 使用正则表达式进行匹配
• toBeDefined(): 是否已声明且被赋值
• toBeUndefined(): 是否未声明
• toBeNull(): 是否为null
• toBeTruthy(): 如果转换为布尔值，是否为true
• toBeFalsy(): 如果转换为布尔值，是否为false
• toContain(): 数组中是否包含某个元素（值），只能用于数组，不能用于对象
• toBelessThan(): 数值比较，小于
• toBeGreaterThan(): 数值比较，大于
• toBeCloseTo(): 数值比较，比较时要定义精度，先四舍五入再比较
• toThrow(): 检验一个函数是否会抛出一个错误

  describe("included matchers 匹配器", function(){
      it('"toBe" 匹配相当于 === ', function(){
          var a = 12;
          var b = a;
          expect(a).toBe(b);
          expect(a).not.toBe(null);
      });
 
      describe('"toEqual" 处理变量，数组，对象等', function(){
          it('work for simple literals and variable', function(){
              var a = 12;
              expect(a).toEqual(12);
          });
 
          it('should work for objects', function(){
              var foo = {
                  a: 12,
                  b: 23
              };
              var bar = {
                  a: 12,
                  b: 23
              };
 
              expect(foo).toEqual(bar); //true?
          });
      });
 
      it('"toMatch" matcher 正则式', function(){
          var message = "foo bar baz";
          expect(message).toMatch(/bar/);
          expect(message).toMatch("bar");
          expect(message).not.toMatch(/quue/);
      });
 
      it('"toBeUndefined" matcher compares against "undefined"', function(){
          var a = {
              foo: "foo"
          };
 
          expect(a.foo).not.toBeUndefined();
          expect(a.bar).toBeUndefined();
      });
 
      it(' "toBeNull" matcher compares against "null"', function(){
          var a = null;
          var foo = 'foo';
 
          expect(null).toBeNull();
          expect(a).toBeNull();
          expect(foo).not.toBeNull();
      });
 
      it('"toBeTruthy" matcher is for boolean casting testing' , function(){
          var a, foo = 'foo';
          expect(foo).toBeTruthy();
          expect(a).not.toBeTruthy();
      });
 
      it('"toContain" matcher is for finding an item in an array', function(){
          var a = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'];
          expect(a).toContain('bar');
          expect(a).not.toContain('quu');
      });
 
      it('"toBeLessThan" matcher is for math comparisons', function(){
          var n = 2.23, e = 1.33;
          expect(e).toBeLessThan(n);
          expect(n).not.toBeLessThan(e);
      });
 
      it('"toBeCloseTo" matcher is for precision match comparison', function(){
          var n = 1.99, e = 2.35;
          expect(e).not.toBeCloseTo(n, 2);
          expect(e).toBeCloseTo(n, 0);
      });
 
 
      it('"toThrowError" matcher is for testing a specific thrown exception', function(){
          var foo = function(){
              throw new TypeError('foo bar baz');
          };
          expect(foo).toThrowError('foo bar baz');
          expect(foo).toThrowError(/bar/);
          expect(foo).toThrowError(TypeError);
          expect(foo).toThrowError(TypeError, 'foo bar baz');
      });
  });

设置 beforeEach(string,function) 清理 afterEach(string,function)

beforeEach() 在它所属的describe块中所有的it测试之前执行 的一些js代码，主要用来设置一些变量和初始化一些东西。

afterEach() 在它所属的describe块中所有的it测试执行之后执行 ，主要做清理工作，比如清除用来测试所创建的dom等。

describe('tests with "setup" and "tear-down"', function(){
    var foo;
    beforeEach(function(){
        foo = 0;
        foo += 1; //每次测试前都初始化 foo == 1
    });
 
    afterEach(function(){
        foo = 0; //每次测试完都重置 foo = 0;
    });
 
    it('it is just a function , so can contain any code', function(){
        expect(foo).toEqual(1);
 
    });
 
    it('can have more than one expectation', function(){
        expect(foo).toEqual(1);
        expect(true).toEqual(true);
    });
});

this对象

另一种在beforeEach，afterEach，it 之间共享变量的方法：this对象，在每次执行完一条测试后都会重置为空对象。

describe('a suite', function(){
   beforeEach(function(){
      this.foo = 0;
   });
 
   it('can use "this" to share initial data', function(){
      expect(this.foo).toEqual(0);
      this.bar = "test pollution?";
   });
 
   it('prevents test pollution by having an empty "this" created for next test', fuction(){
      expect(this.foo).toEqual(0);
      expect(this.bar).toBe(undefined);
   });
});

禁用dedscribe或it

xdescribe()，xit() 和pending()

xdescribe('a suite',function(){
    //will not execute
});
 
describe('a suite too', function(){
    xit('this test be canceled', function(){
        expect(true).toBe(false);
    });
 
    it('can be desclared with "it" but without a function');
 
    it('can be declared by calling "pending()" in spec body', function(){
        expect(true).toBe(false);
        pending(); //禁用该测试
    });
});

函数调用监听 spy

**spyOn() ，toHaveBeenCalled() ，toHaveBeenCalledWith()**这部分内容很多，spyOn函数可以模拟和监听函数调用，这里只是大概一写

describe('a spy', function(){
    var foo, bar = null;
    beforeEach(function(){
        foo = {
            setBar = function(value){
                bar = value;
            };
        };
 
        spyOn(foo, 'setBar');
 
        foo.setBar(123);
        foo.setBar(456, 'another param');
    });
 
    it('tracks that the spy was called', function(){
        expect(foo.setBar).toHaveBeenCalled();
    });
 
    it('tracks all the arguments of its calls', function(){
        expect(foo.setBar).toHaveBeenCalledWith(123);
        expect(foo.setBar).toHaveBeenCalledWith(456, 'another param');
    });
 
    it('stops all execution on a function', function(){
        expect(bar).toBeNull(); //setBar函数的执行 被spy监听器暂停了。
    });
});
 
describe('a spy, when configured to call through', function(){
    var foo , bar, fetchedBar;
 
    beforeEach(function(){
        foo = {
            setBar: function(value){
                bar = value;
            },
            getBar: function(){
                return bar;
            }
        };
 
        spyOn(foo, 'getBar').and.callThrough();
 
        foo.setBar(123);
        fetchedBar = foo.getBar();
    });
 
    it('tracks that the spy was called', function(){
        expect(foo.getBar).toHaveBeenCalled();
    });
    
    it('should not effect other function', function(){
        expect(bar).toEqual(123);
    });
 
    it('when called returns the requested value' , function(){
        expect(fetchedBar).toEqual(123);
    })
});