【C#】知识点速通

前言：
笔者是跟着哔站课程（Trigger）学习unity才去学习的C#，并且C语言功底尚存，所以只是简单地跟着课程将unity所用的C#语言的关键部分进行了了解，然后在后期unity学习过程中加以深度学习。如需完善的C#知识，推荐CSDN博主：呆呆敲代码的小Y - 链接: link
具体学习部分如下，建议将后面的源代码复制到vs打开后按顺序查看，其中EP标注的是笔者的课程集数
需要用到哪个部分取消该部分定义及Main语句里的注释即可，部分内容有所串通，不使用时重新注释，防止调试时出现问题
所有内容只需要简单搜索就可以找到解释
其中比较重要的部分是public，static等的理解，以及父子集的运用，推荐还是跟着课程学习为好
#region 和 #endregion 是用来分区的，便于找到所需部分，不用该部分时，可以点击 #region 左边的箭头进行缩略
csharp 复制代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml.Serialization;



//快捷键
//Tab                 一键补齐
//cw+Tab              Console.WriteLine的快速输入
namespace c__Project_3_28
{
    internal class Program
    {
       
        #region EP6 函数
        static void RecoverPlayerHP()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("玩家血量回复了");
        }

        static int Add()
        {
            int a = 1 + 1;
            return a;
        }
        #endregion

        #region EP7 结构体
        public struct Role
        {
            public string name;
            public int level;
            public int HP;
        }
        #endregion

        #region EP7 枚举
        public enum OCCUPATION
        {
            WARRIOR,//战士
            MASTER,//法师
            SHOOTER,//射手
            ASSASSIN,//刺客
            ASSIST//辅助
        }
        #endregion

        #region EP8 面向对象、类
        public class Bussinessman
        {
            private string name;
            public int money;
            public int goods;

            public Bussinessman()
            {

            }
            
            public Bussinessman(string bName, int bMoney, int bGoods)
            {
                name = bName;
                money = bMoney;
                goods = bGoods;
                Console.WriteLine("当前商人的名字是：" + name);
            }
            public void SetName(string bName,int bMoney,int bGoods)
            {
                name = bName;
                money = bMoney;
                goods = bGoods;
                Console.WriteLine("当前商人的名字是：" + name);
            }

            
            public void Buygoods(string otherName)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("当前" + name + "买了" + otherName + "的东西");
                money--;
                Console.WriteLine("当前" + name + "还剩" + money+"枚金币");
            }
            public void Sellgoods()
            {
                Console.WriteLine();
            }




        }
        #endregion

        #region EP10 继承
        public class Monster
        {
            public string name;
            public int hp;
            public virtual void Attack()
            {
                //this.hp--;
                Console.WriteLine("普通攻击");
            }
        }

        public class Boss : Monster
        {
            public override void Attack()
            {
                base.Attack();
                Console.WriteLine("放技能");
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region EP11 属性
        public class Trigger
        {
            private int money;

            //ctrl+r -> ctrl+e  -  自动生成
            //public int Money { get => money; private set => money = value; }

            public int Money
            {
                get { return money; }//可访问但不可修改
                set { money = value; }//更改值，但加上 private 就仅在内部
                //value 引用客户端代码尝试分配给属性的值
            }

            private void SendMoney()
            {
                Money--;
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region EP11 接口
        public class Drink //:IAddSuger
        {
            //public void AddSuger()
            //{

            //}
        }
        public class Milk : Drink, IAddSuger//一旦使用接口，必须调用
        {
            public int cost;//用在数组
            public void AddSuger()
            {

            }
        }
        public class Coffee : Drink, IAddSuger
        {
            public void AddSuger()
            {

            }
        }
        public class soup : Drink, IAddSuger, IAddSalt
        {
            public void AddSuger()
            {

            }
            public void AddSalt()
            {

            }
        }
        public interface IAddSuger//接口一般是public类型
        {
            void AddSuger();//接口内部默认public类型，不需要额外添加
        }
        public interface IAddSalt
        {
            void AddSalt();
        }
        #endregion

        #region EP12 数据类型
        #region EP12 数组
        static int[] nums;
        static string[] strs;

        #endregion

        #region EP12 列表
        static List<int> numlist;
        private static string name;
        #endregion

        #region EP12 栈

        #endregion

        #region EP12 队列

        #endregion

        #region EP12 字典

        #endregion
        #endregion

        #region EP13 静态与非静态
        public class Tool1
        {
            public int toolNum;
            public void StartGame()//非静态化
            {

            }
        }

        public class Tool2
        {
            public static int toolNum;
            public static void StartGame()//静态化
            {

            }
        }

        public class Person
        {

        }

        #endregion

        #region EP13 设计模式
        public class GameManager
        {
            public bool gameOver;
            //布尔值默认 false

            public static GameManager instance{get;set;}//instance是变量名
        }
        public class GameMusic
        {
            public GameManager gameManager;
            public void PlayMusic()
            {
                //if(!gameManager.gameOver)
                //{
                //    Console.WriteLine("正常播放游戏音乐");
                //}
                //else
                //{
                //    Console.WriteLine("退出游戏");
                //}

                if(!GameManager.instance.gameOver)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("正常播放游戏音乐");
                }
            }
        }
        public class GameController
        {
            public GameManager gameManager;
            public void PerformGameLogic()
            {
                //if(!gameManager.gameOver)
                //{
                //    Console.WriteLine("正常执行游戏逻辑");
                //}
                //else
                //{
                //    Console.WriteLine("退出游戏");
                //}

                if (!GameManager.instance.gameOver)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("正常执行游戏逻辑");
                }

            }
        }

        #endregion


        #region Main
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region EP7 结构体
            //Role role1;
            //role1.name = "xiaoyan";
            //role1.level = 1;
            //role1.HP = 10;

            //Role role2;
            //role2.name = "wanglong";
            //role2.level = 2;
            //role2.HP = 20;

            #endregion

            #region EP7 枚举
            //OCCUPATION hero1 = OCCUPATION.WARRIOR;
            #endregion

            #region EP8 面向对象、类
            //Bussinessman xiaoming = new Bussinessman();
            //xiaoming.Buygoods();
            //xiaoming.goods = 10;

            //Bussinessman bussinessman1 = new Bussinessman();
            //bussinessman1.SetName("小明", 100, 10);
            //Bussinessman bussinessman2 = new Bussinessman();
            //bussinessman2.SetName("小红", 1000, 100);
            //bussinessman1.Buygoods("小红");

            #endregion

            #region EP10 继承
            //Monster monster = new Monster();
            //monster.hp = 100;
            //Boss boss = new Boss();
            //boss.hp = 100;
            //monster.Attack();
            //boss.Attack();

            //Monster monster = new Boss();//父类声明子类实例化 - 行
            //monster.Attack();
            //Boss boss = new Monster();//子类声明父类实例化 - 不行

            //Monster monster = null;//未将对象引用到设置实例 - 错误
            //monster.Attack();


            #endregion

            #region EP11 属性
            //Trigger tri = new Trigger();
            //Console.WriteLine(tri.Money);
            #endregion

            #region EP11 接口
            //Milk milk = new Milk();

            //IAddSuger drink = new Drink();//当父类对应接口时可实现
            //drink.AddSuger();
            #endregion

            #region EP12 数据类型

            #region EP12 数组 
            //nums = new int[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };//数组长度在初始化时已经固定
            //Console.WriteLine(nums[0]);
            //Console.WriteLine(nums[3]);

            //Console.WriteLine(nums.Length);//Length - 计算数组长度

            //nums = new int[2];//会产生覆盖
            //nums[0] = 1;
            //nums[1] = 2;
            //Console.WriteLine(nums[1]);

            遍历
            //for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine(nums[i]);
            //}


            //strs = new string[] { "s", "JohnKi" };
            //Console.WriteLine(strs[1]);

            //Milk[] milks = new Milk[]
            //{
            //    new Milk(){cost = 10},
            //    new Milk()
            //};

            #endregion

            #region EP12 列表
            //numlist = new List<int>();
            //numlist.Add(3);//Add - 加入到列表的方法名
            //numlist.Add(9);
            //numlist.Add(7);

            //Console.WriteLine(numlist[1]);//3

            //Console.WriteLine(numlist.Count);//3
            //numlist.Remove(9);//Remove - 移除哪一个元素
            //Console.WriteLine(numlist.Count);//2

            //numlist.RemoveAt(0);//RemoveAt - 移除哪一个下标的元素
            //Console.WriteLine(numlist.Count);//1
            //Console.WriteLine(numlist[0]);//7

            //numlist.Clear();//Clear - 全屏清空
            //Console.WriteLine(numlist.Count);//0

            //List<Monster> monstersList = new List<Monster>()//Monster 自定义类型（继承）
            //{
            //    new Monster() { },
            //    new Monster() { }
            //};
            //Console.WriteLine(monstersList.Count);//2

            #endregion

            #region EP12 栈
            //新进后出
            //Stack<Trigger> triggerStack = new Stack<Trigger>();//Trigger - 来自属性
            //triggerStack.Push(new Trigger() { Money = 10});//Push - 压栈
            //triggerStack.Push(new Trigger() { Money = 1});
            //Console.WriteLine(triggerStack.Count);//2

            //Trigger t = triggerStack.Pop();//Pop - 弹出
            //Console.WriteLine(t.Money);//1
            //Console.WriteLine(triggerStack.Count);//1

            #endregion

            #region EP12 队列
            //Queue<int> numsQueue = new Queue<int>();
            //numsQueue.Enqueue(1);//入队
            //numsQueue.Enqueue(2);

            //Console.WriteLine(numsQueue.Count);//队列长度

            //int n = numsQueue.Dequeue();//出队
            //Console.WriteLine(n);

            #endregion

            #region EP12 字典
            键、值  -  键值对
            键和值可以为任意类型，只需一一对应
            //Dictionary<int, Monster> monsterDict1 = new Dictionary<int, Monster>();
            键为整形，值为自定义类型Monster
            //monsterDict1.Add(1, new Monster() { name = "李白" });//添加字典键和值
            //monsterDict1.Add(2, new Monster() { name = "貂蝉" });
            //Console.WriteLine(monsterDict1[1].name);

            //Dictionary<string, Monster> monsterDict2 = new Dictionary<string, Monster>();
            键为字符型，值为自定义类型Monster
            //monsterDict2.Add("李白", new Monster() { hp = 100 });
            //monsterDict2.Add("貂蝉", new Monster() { hp = 80 });
            //Console.WriteLine(monsterDict2["貂蝉"].hp);

            遍历
            //foreach (var item in monsterDict2)
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine(item.Key);//键
            //}
            //foreach (var item in monsterDict2)
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine(item.Value);//值
            //}
            //foreach (var item in monsterDict2)
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine(item.Value.hp);//值
            //}


            #endregion

            #endregion

            #region EP13 静态与非静态
            当StartGame没有设置为全局变量时，通过创建的变量名调用
            //Tool1 tool1 = new Tool1();
            //tool1.StartGame();
            //Console.WriteLine(tool1.toolNum);

            当StartGame设置为全局变量时,直接通过类型名调用
            //Tool2.StartGame();
            //Console.WriteLine(Tool2.toolNum);

            #endregion

            #region EP13 设计模式
            GameManager gameManager = new GameManager();

            GameMusic gameMusic = new GameMusic();
            gameMusic.gameManager = gameManager;

            GameController gameController = new GameController();
            gameController.gameManager = gameManager;

            //gameManager.gameOver = false;

            GameManager.instance = new GameManager();
            GameManager.instance.gameOver = false;

            gameMusic.PlayMusic();
            gameController.PerformGameLogic();

            #endregion


            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        #endregion

    }
}