目录
一.简介
A type-safe HTTP client for Android and Java。封装了OkHttp,也是由Square公司贡献的一个处理网络请求的开源项目。
square/retrofit: A type-safe HTTP client for Android and the JVM (github.com)
在bulid.gradle中添加依赖
java
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.11.0'
二.基本使用
服务器域名: https:/ /www.httpbin.org/
接口:post
参数:username,password
接口:get
参数:usernamespassword
1.根据Http接口创建Java接口
java
public interface HttpbinService {
@POST("post")
@FormUrlEncoded
Call<ResponseBody> post(@Field("username") String userName,@Field("password") String pwd);
@GET("get")
Call<ResponseBody> get(@Query("username") String userName,@Query("password") String pwd);
}
2.创建Retrofit对象,并生成接口实现类对象
java
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder().baseUrl("https://httpbin.org/").build();
HttpbinService httpbinService = retrofit.create(HttpbinService.class);
3.接口实现类对象调用对应方法获得响应
java
retrofit2.Call<ResponseBody> call = httpbinService.post("xx", "123");
call.enqueue(new retrofit2.Callback<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(retrofit2.Call<ResponseBody> call, retrofit2.Response<ResponseBody> response) {
try {
Log.i("TAG",response.body().string());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(retrofit2.Call<ResponseBody> call, Throwable throwable) {
}
});
三.注解
• 方法注解:@GET,@POST,@PUT,@DELETE,@PATH,@HEAD,@OPTIONS,@HTTP
• 标记注解:@FormUrlEncoded,@Multipart,@Streaming
• 参数注解:@Query,@QueryMap,@Body,@Field,@FieldMap,@Part,@PartMap
• 其他注解:@Path,@Header, @Headers,@Url
详细使用请参考 GET (retrofit API) (square.github.io)
java
public interface HttpbinService {
@POST("post")
@FormUrlEncoded
Call<ResponseBody> post(@Field("username") String userName,@Field("password") String pwd);
@GET("get")
Call<ResponseBody> get(@Query("username") String userName,@Query("password") String pwd);
@HTTP(method = "POST",path = "post",hasBody = true)
Call<ResponseBody> http(@Field("username") String userName,@Field("password") String pwd);
@POST("post")
Call<ResponseBody> postBody(@Body RequestBody body);
@POST("{id}") //("/xxx/{pageNum}")
@FormUrlEncoded
Call<ResponseBody> postInPath(@Path("id") String path,
@Header("os") String os1,
@Field("username") String userName,
@Field("password") String pwd);//@Path("pageNum")
@Headers({"os:android","version:1.0"})
@POST("post")
Call<ResponseBody> postWithHeader();
@POST()
Call<ResponseBody> postUrl(@Url String url);
}
四.转换器
在我们接到服务器的响应后,目前无论是OkHttp还是Retrofit都只能接收到String字符串类型的数据,在实际开发中,经常需要对字符串进行解析将其转变为一个Java Bean对象。比如服务器响应数据为JSON格式字符串,那么可以自己利用GSON库完成反序列化的操作。而Retrofit提供了多个转换器使得响应能够完成自动的数据转换。以json解析为例:
添加依赖
java
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.11.0'
手动转换
java
public interface WanAndroidService {
@POST("user/login")
@FormUrlEncoded
Call<ResponseBody> login(@Field("username") String username,@Field("password") String pwd);
}
java
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder().baseUrl("https://www.wanandroid.com/").build();
WanAndroidService wanAndroidService = retrofit.create(WanAndroidService.class);
@Test
public void loginTest() throws IOException {
Call<ResponseBody> call = wanAndroidService.login("xxx","123456");
Response<ResponseBody> response =call.execute();
String result = response.body().string();
System.out.println(result);
//手动进行数据转换
BaseResponse baseResponse = new Gson().fromJson(result,BaseResponse.class);
System.out.println(baseResponse);
}
自动转换
修改接口方法:
@POST("post")
@FormUrlEncoded
Call<JavaBean> post(@Field("username") String userName, @Field("password") String pwd);
java
public interface WanAndroidService2 {
@POST("user/login")
@FormUrlEncoded
Call<BaseResponse> login(@Field("username") String username, @Field("password") String pwd);
}
java
Retrofit retrofit1 = new Retrofit.Builder().baseUrl("https://www.wanandroid.com/")
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) //添加转换器
.build();
WanAndroidService2 wanAndroidService2 = retrofit1.create(WanAndroidService2.class);
@Test
public void loginConvertTest() throws IOException {
Call<BaseResponse> call = wanAndroidService2.login("xxx","123456");
Response<BaseResponse> response = call.execute();
BaseResponse baseResponse = response.body();
System.out.println(baseResponse);
}
五.适配器
在实际开发中,可能会存在:需要先请求A接口,再请求B接口的情况。比如需要请求获取收藏文章列表,但是需要先登录拿到Cookie才能请求收藏文章列表接口。此时请求就有了先后顺序,为了完成这个功能,需要不断回调。Retrofit的接口方法返回类型必须是Call,如果能够将Call改为RxJava中的Observable,对于嵌套的情况,就能得到非常方便优雅的解决。这就是适配器的功能,如果我们想要返回的不是Call,适配器就能够帮助我们转换为其他类型。以RxJava3为例:
添加依赖
java
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava3:2.11.0'
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava3:rxandroid:3.0.2'
修改接口方法:
@POST("post")
@FormUrlEncoded
Observable<JavaBean> post(@Field("username") String userName, @Field("password") String pwd);
java
@POST("user/login")
@FormUrlEncoded
Flowable<BaseResponse> login2(@Field("username") String username, @Field("password") String pwd);
@GET("lg/collect/list/{pageNum}/json")
Flowable<ResponseBody> getArticle(@Path("pageNum") int pageNum);
java
Map<String, List<Cookie>> cookies = new HashMap<>();
Retrofit retrofit2 = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl("https://www.wanandroid.com/")
.callFactory(new OkHttpClient.Builder().cookieJar(new CookieJar() {
@Override
public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl httpUrl, List<Cookie> list) {
cookies.put(httpUrl.host(), list);
}
@Override
public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
List<Cookie> cookies = WanAndroidUnitTest.this.cookies.get(url.host());
return cookies == null ? new ArrayList<>() : cookies;
}
}).build())
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) //添加转换器
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava3CallAdapterFactory.create()) //添加适配器
.build();
WanAndroidService2 wanAndroidService3 = retrofit2.create(WanAndroidService2.class);
@Test
public void rxjavaTest() {
wanAndroidService3.login2("xxxx","123456")
.flatMap(new Function<BaseResponse, Publisher<ResponseBody>>() {
@Override
public Publisher<ResponseBody> apply(BaseResponse baseResponse) throws Throwable {
return wanAndroidService3.getArticle(0);
}
})
.observeOn(Schedulers.io())
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.newThread()) //AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()
.subscribe(new Consumer<ResponseBody>() {
@Override
public void accept(ResponseBody responseBody) throws Throwable {
System.out.println(responseBody.string());
}
});
while (true){
}
}
六.文件上传与下载
java
@POST("post")
@Multipart
Call<ResponseBody> upload(@Part MultipartBody.Part file);
@GET
Call<ResponseBody> download(@Url String url);
java
@Test
public void uploadFileTest() throws IOException {
File file = new File("H:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\f1.txt");
MultipartBody.Part part = MultipartBody.Part
.createFormData("file1", "f1.txt",
RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"), file));
Call<ResponseBody> call = uploadService.upload(part);
System.out.println(call.execute().body().string());
}
@Test
public void downloadFileTest() throws IOException {
Response<ResponseBody> response = uploadService.download("https://xxx.apk")
.execute();
InputStream inputStream = response.body().byteStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("H:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\1.apk");
int len;
byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
}
相关参考
Retrofit (square.github.io)
ReactiveX/RxAndroid: RxJava bindings for Android (github.com)