RabbitMQ spring boot TTL延时消费

关于延时消费主要分为两种实现，一种是rabbitmq的TTL机制，一种是rabbitmq的插件实现。

实现一：TTL

1、设置队列的过期时间

2、设置消息的过期时间

添加相关maven依赖

java 复制代码

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>

1、设置队列过期时间实现延时消费

交换机及队列配置

代码中有四个配置，

第一个配置的exchange是用来接收已过期的队列信息并进行重新分配队列进行消费，

第二个配置的repeatTradeQueue为exchange重新分配的队列名，

第三个是将repeatTradeQueue队列与exchange交换机绑定，并指定对应的routing key，

第四个配置的就是我们要设置过期时间的队列deadLetterQueue，

配置中有三个参数，x-message-ttl为过期时间，该队列所有消息的过期时间都为配置的这个值，单位为毫秒，这里设置过期时间为3秒，x-dead-letter-exchange是指过期消息重新转发到指定交换机，也就是exchange，x-dead-letter-routing-key是该交换机上绑定的routing-key，将通过配置的routing-key分配对应的队列，也就是前面配置的repeatTradeQueue。

java 复制代码

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
 
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    
    //交换机用于重新分配队列
    @Bean
    DirectExchange exchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("exchange");
    }
    
    //用于延时消费的队列
    @Bean
    public Queue repeatTradeQueue() {
        Queue queue = new Queue("repeatTradeQueue",true,false,false);
        return queue; 
    }
    
    //绑定交换机并指定routing key
    @Bean
    public Binding  repeatTradeBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(repeatTradeQueue()).to(exchange()).with("repeatTradeQueue");
    }
    
    //配置死信队列
    @Bean
    public Queue deadLetterQueue() {
        Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>();
        args.put("x-message-ttl", 3000);
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "exchange");
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "repeatTradeQueue");
        return new Queue("deadLetterQueue", true, false, false, args);
    }
 
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

配置生产者，这里生产者需要指定前面配置了过期时间的队列deadLetterQueue

java 复制代码

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class DeadLetterSender {
 
    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
 
 
    public void send(String msg) {
        System.out.println("DeadLetterSender 发送时间:"+LocalDateTime.now().toString()+" msg内容："+msg);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("deadLetterQueue", msg);
    }
 
}

配置消费者，消费者监听指定用于延时消费的队列repeatTradeQueue

java 复制代码

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "repeatTradeQueue")
public class RepeatTradeReceiver {
    
    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String msg) {
        System.out.println("repeatTradeQueue 接收时间:"+LocalDateTime.now().toString()+" 接收内容:"+msg);
    }
 
}

写一个简单的接口调用测试延时消费是否成功

java 复制代码

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/rabbit")
public class RabbitTest {
 
    @Autowired
    private DeadLetterSender deadLetterSender;
 
 
    @GetMapping("/deadTest")
    public void deadTest() {
        deadLetterSender.send("队列设置过期时间测试");
    }
    
}

2、设置消息过期时间实现延时消费

先贴上配置的代码，基本配置都一样，唯一的区别是deadLetterQueue的过期时间这里不做配置，需要注意的是，因为我这里用的是同一个队列名，所以即使将队列过期时间配置删除，mq中该队列过期时间仍然还是存在的，所以需要删除该队列，启动项目时才能重新配置该队列属性，可能可以通过配置的方式重新覆盖属性配置，当然也可以保留队列过期时间的配置，当两个过期时间都存在时，消息取更小的过期时间。

java 复制代码

import java.util.HashMap;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
    
    //用于死信队列转发的交换机
    @Bean
    DirectExchange exchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("exchange");
    }
    
    //用于延时消费的队列
    @Bean
    public Queue repeatTradeQueue() {
        Queue queue = new Queue("repeatTradeQueue",true,false,false);
        return queue; 
    }
    
    //绑定交换机并指定routing key
    @Bean
    public Binding  repeatTradeBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(repeatTradeQueue()).to(exchange()).with("repeatTradeQueue");
    }
    
    //配置死信队列
    @Bean
    public Queue deadLetterQueue() {
        Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>();
        args.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "exchange");
        args.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "repeatTradeQueue");
        return new Queue("deadLetterQueue", true, false, false, args);
    }
 
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

配置生产者,message的expiration就是过期时间的设置，单位也是毫秒

java 复制代码

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
public class DeadLetterSender {
 
    @Autowired
    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
 
    public void send(String msg, long times) {
        System.out.println("DeadLetterSender 发送时间:" + LocalDateTime.now().toString() + " msg内容：" + msg);
        MessagePostProcessor processor = new MessagePostProcessor() {
            @Override
            public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
                message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(times + "");
                return message;
            }
        };
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("deadLetterQueue", (Object)msg, processor);
    }
}

消费者不变，用之前的类即可

稍微修改一下接口，设置时间为5秒

java 复制代码

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
import me.miaobo.mq.sender.DeadLetterSender;
 
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/rabbit")
public class RabbitTest {
 
    @Autowired
    private DeadLetterSender deadLetterSender;
    
    @GetMapping("/deadTest")
    public void deadTest() {
        deadLetterSender.send("消息设置过期时间测试",5000);
    }
}