
1、拓扑信息
2、需求分析
3、IP规划
4、配置
5、测试
1、拓扑信息

2、需求分析
- R4为ISP,其上只能配置I地址; R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP
- 公网中使用的是点到点链路,因为比以太网链路稳定安全(只有两人)
- 5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3-RR3为中心站点;
- 只能使用非shortcut方式(因为如果shortcut方式,无法在R3上汇总除直连区域学到的路由信息,例:区域2)
- 整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;
- 所有设备均可访问R4的环回;(需要做NAT)
- 减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
- (OSPF优化:特殊区域)
- 减少Hello时间与死亡时间,网络接口P2P/P2MP
- 做认证
- 全网可达
3、IP规划
172.16.0.0/16
先分成2个网段(OSPF + RIP),借1位
172.16.0.0/17 ---OSPF
再按区域划分(5个区域),借3位
172.16.0.0/20 ---Area 0
三个环回 + MGRE = 4个网段,但一般网络只有200主机左右,所以直接规划到/24
172.16.0.0/24 ---MGRE
172.16.0.0/24 ---R5环回
172.16.0.0/24 ---R6环回
172.16.0.0/24 ---R7环回
...
172.16.15.0/24 ---保留备用
172.16.16.0/20 ---Area 1
三个环回 + 一个骨干 = 4个网段,但还是直接规划到/24
172.16.16.0/24 ---Area 1骨干
需要3个IP,所以到/29
172.16.16.0/29 ---不能用
172.16.16.1/29 ---R1接口
172.16.16.2/29 ---R2接口
172.16.16.3/29 ---R3接口
172.16.16.4/29 ---保留备用
172.16.16.5/29 ---保留备用
172.16.16.6/29 ---保留备用
172.16.16.7/29 ---不能用
172.16.17.0/24 ---R1环回
172.16.18.0/24 ---R2环回
172.16.19.0/24 ---R3环回
...
172.16.31.0/24 ---保留备用
172.16.32.0/20 ---Area 2
1个环回+2个骨干
172.16.32.0/24 ---R11环回
172.16.33.0/30 ---R6-R11
172.16.33.4/30 ---R11-R12
172.16.48.0/20 ---Area 3
1个环回+2个骨干
172.16.48.0/24 ---R8环回
172.16.49.0/30 ---R7-R8
172.16.49.4/30 ---R8-R9
172.16.64.0/20 ---Area 4
2个环回+1个骨干
172.16.64.0/24 ---R9环回
172.16.65.0/24 ---R10环回
172.16.66.0/30 ---R9-R10
172.16.80.0/20 ---保留备用
172.16.96.0/20 ---保留备用
172.16.112.0/20 ---保留备用
172.16.128.0/17 ---RIP
2个环回
172.16.128.0/18
172.16.192.0/18
4、配置
配置IP和环回
R1配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r1 \[r1\]int g0/0/0 \[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.16.1 29 \[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l 0 \[r1-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.17.1 24
R2配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r2 \[r2\]int g0/0/0 \[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.16.2 29 \[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l 0 \[r2-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.18.1 24
R3配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r3 \[r3\]int g0/0/0 \[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.16.3 29 \[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l 0 \[r3-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.19.1 24 \[r3-LoopBack0\]int s4/0/0 \[r3-Serial4/0/0\]ip add 34.0.0.3 24
R4配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r4 \[r4\]int g0/0/0 \[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 47.0.0.4 24 \[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int s4/0/0 \[r4-Serial4/0/0\]ip add 34.0.0.4 24 \[r4-Serial4/0/0\]int s4/0/1 \[r4-Serial4/0/1\]ip add 45.0.0.4 24 \[r4-Serial4/0/1\]int s3/0/0 \[r4-Serial3/0/0\]ip add 46.0.0.4 24 \[r4-Serial3/0/0\]int l 0 \[r4-LoopBack0\]ip add 4.4.4.4 32
R5配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r5 \[r5\]int s4/0/0 \[r5-Serial4/0/0\]ip add 45.0.0.5 24 \[r5-Serial4/0/0\]int l 0 \[r5-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.1.1 24
R6配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r6 \[r6\]int s4/0/0 \[r6-Serial4/0/0\]ip add 46.0.0.6 24 \[r6-Serial4/0/0\]int g0/0/0 \[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.33.1 30 \[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l 0 \[r6-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.2.1 24
R7配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r7 \[r7\]int g0/0/0 \[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 47.0.0.7 24 \[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l 0 \[r7-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.3.1 24 \[r7-LoopBack0\]int g0/0/1 \[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 172.16.49.1 30
R8配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r8 \[r8\]int g0/0/0 \[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.49.2 30 \[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1 \[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 172.16.49.5 30 \[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int l 0 \[r8-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.48.1 24
R9配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r9 \[r9\]int g0/0/0 \[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.49.6 30 \[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l 0 \[r9-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.64.1 24 \[r9-LoopBack0\]int g0/0/1 \[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 172.16.66.1 30
R10配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r10 \[r10\]int g0/0/0 \[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.66.2 30 \[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l 0 \[r10-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.65.1 24
R11配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r11 \[r11\]int g0/0/0 \[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.33.2 30 \[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1 \[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ip add 172.16.33.5 30 \[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]int l 0 \[r11-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.32.1 24
R12配置
<Huawei>sys
Huawei\]sys r12 \[r12\]int g0/0/0 \[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.33.6 30 \[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int l 0 \[r12-LoopBack0\]ip add 172.16.128.1 18 \[r12-LoopBack0\]int l 1 \[r12-LoopBack1\]ip add 172.16.192.1 18
测试所有直连网段是否通
用 Ping
搭建非shortcut方式的MGRE环境
R3配置
r3\]int t0/0/0 \[r3-Tunnel0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.0.1 24 \[r3-Tunnel0/0/0\]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp \[r3-Tunnel0/0/0\]source 34.0.0.3 \[r3-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp entry multicast dynamic \[r3\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
R5配置
r5\]int t0/0/0 \[r5-Tunnel0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.0.2 24 \[r5-Tunnel0/0/0\]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp \[r5-Tunnel0/0/0\]source Serial 4/0/0 \[r5-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register \[r5\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
R6配置
r6\]int t0/0/0 \[r6-Tunnel0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.0.3 24 \[r6-Tunnel0/0/0\]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp \[r6-Tunnel0/0/0\]source Serial 4/0/0 \[r6-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register \[r6\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
R7配置
r7\]int t0/0/0 \[r7-Tunnel0/0/0\]ip add 172.16.0.4 24 \[r7-Tunnel0/0/0\]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp \[r7-Tunnel0/0/0\]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 \[r7-Tunnel0/0/0\]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register \[r7\]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
检查NHRP表

起Area 0的OSPF
R3配置
r3\]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 \[r3-ospf-1\]area 0 \[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0 改p2mp类型 \[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]int t0/0/0 \[r3-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf network-type p2mp 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r3-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1 将环回类型(主机)改为broadcast (不然OSPF学到的是掩码32的路由) \[r6\]int l 0 \[r6-LoopBack0\]ospf network-type broadcast
R5配置
r5\]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 \[r5-ospf-1\]area 0 \[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 改p2mp类型 \[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]int t0/0/0 \[r5-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf network-type p2mp 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r5-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
R6配置
r6\]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 \[r6-ospf-1\]area 0 \[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0 \[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0 改p2mp类型 \[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]int t0/0/0 \[r6-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf network-type p2mp 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r6-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
R7配置
r7\]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 \[r7-ospf-1\]area 0 \[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]network 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255 改p2mp类型 \[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0\]int t0/0/0 \[r7-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf network-type p2mp 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r7-Tunnel0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
测试OSPF与Hello修改



起Area 1的OSPF
R1配置
r1\]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 \[r1-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r1\]int g0/0/0 \[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
R2配置
r2\]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 \[r2-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r2\]int g0/0/0 \[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
R3配置
r3\]ospf 1 \[r3-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]network 172.16.16.0 0.15.255.255 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r3\]int g0/0/0 \[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
起Area 2的OSPF与RIP
R6配置
r6\]ospf 1 \[r6-ospf-1\]area 2 \[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]network 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r6\]int g0/0/0 \[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
R11配置
r11\]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11 \[r11-ospf-1\]area 2 \[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r11\]int g0/0/0 \[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1 \[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1 \[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf timer hello 1
R12配置
r12\]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12 \[r12-ospf-1\]area 2 \[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]network 172.16.33.6 0.0.0.0 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r12\]int g0/0/0 \[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1 起RIP \[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]q \[r12-ospf-1\]q \[r12\]rip 1 \[r12-rip-1\]ver 2 \[r12-rip-1\]undo summary \[r12-rip-1\]network 172.16.0.0
起Area 3的OSPF
R7配置
r7\]ospf 1 \[r7-ospf-1\]area 3 \[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]network 172.16.49.1 0.0.0.0 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r7\]int g0/0/1 \[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf timer hello 1
R8配置
r8\]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8 \[r8-ospf-1\]area 3 \[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r8\]int g0/0/0 \[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1 \[r8\]int g0/0/1 \[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf timer hello 1
R9配置
r9\]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9 \[r9-ospf-1\]area 3 \[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]network 172.16.49.6 0.0.0.0 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r9\]int g0/0/0 \[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
起Area 4的OSPF(不同进程)
R9配置
r9\]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9 \[r9-ospf-2\]area 4 \[r9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4\]network 172.16.64.0 0.15.255.255 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]int g0/0/1 \[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf timer hello 1
R10配置
r10\]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10 \[r10-ospf-1\]area 4 \[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4\]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 减少Hello时间与死亡时间 \[r10\]int g0/0/0 \[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf timer hello 1
R12与R9上做重发布
R12配置
r12\]ospf 1 \[r12-ospf-1\]import-route rip 1 \[r12-ospf-1\]q \[r12\]rip 1 \[r12-rip-1\]import-route ospf 1
R9配置
r9\]ospf 1 \[r9-ospf-1\]import-route ospf 2 \[r9-ospf-1\]q \[r9\]ospf 2 \[r9-ospf-2\]import-route ospf 1
做OSPF路由汇总
R3配置
r3\]ospf 1 \[r3-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]abr-summary 172.16.16.0 255.255.240.0
R6配置
r6\]ospf 1 \[r6-ospf-1\]area 2 \[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.240.0
R7配置
r7\]ospf 1 \[r7-ospf-1\]area 3 \[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]abr-summary 172.16.48.0 255.255.240.0
R9配置(域外路由汇总)
r9\]ospf 1 \[r9-ospf-1\]asbr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.240.0
R12配置(域外路由汇总)
r12\]ospf 1 \[r12-ospf-1\]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.128.0
做特殊区域
Area 1做成Totally Stub Area
R1配置
r1\]ospf 1 \[r1-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]stub
R2配置
r2\]ospf 1 \[r2-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]stub
R3配置
r3\]ospf 1 \[r3-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]stub no-summary
Area 2做成Totally NSSA
R6配置
r6\]ospf 1 \[r6-ospf-1\]area 2 \[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]nssa no-summary
R11配置
r11\]ospf 1 \[r11-ospf-1\]area 2 \[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]nssa
R12配置
r12\]ospf 1 \[r12-ospf-1\]area 2 \[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2\]nssa
Area 3做成Totally NSSA
R7配置
r7\]ospf 1 \[r7-ospf-1\]area 3 \[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]nssa no-summary
R8配置
r8\]ospf 1 \[r8-ospf-1\]area 3 \[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]nssa
R9配置
r9\]ospf 1 \[r9-ospf-1\]area 3 \[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3\]nssa 下发一个缺省,不然R10中既没有缺省,也没有其他路由 \[r9\]ospf 2 \[r9-ospf-2\]default-route-advertise
做认证保障更新安全
R9配置(接口认证)
r9\]int g0/0/1 \[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1\]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R10配置(接口认证)
r10\]int g0/0/0 \[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R1配置(区域认证)
r1\]ospf 1 \[r1-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R2配置(区域认证)
r2\]ospf 1 \[r2-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R3配置(区域认证)
r3\]ospf 1 \[r3-ospf-1\]area 1 \[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1\]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
空接口防环(优化)
R3配置
r3\]ip route-static 172.16.16.0 20 NULL 0
R6配置
r6\]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 20 NULL 0
静默接口(优化)
配在连接用户上(即环回接口)
R1配置
r1\]ospf 1 \[r1-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R2配置
r2\]ospf 1 \[r2-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R3配置
r3\]ospf 1 \[r3-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R4配置
r4\]ospf 1 \[r4-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R5配置
r5\]ospf 1 \[r5-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R6配置
r6\]ospf 1 \[r6-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R7配置
r7\]ospf 1 \[r7-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R8配置
r8\]ospf 1 \[r8-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R9配置
r9\]ospf 1 \[r9-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R10配置
r10\]ospf 1 \[r10-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R11配置
r11\]ospf 1 \[r11-ospf-1\]silent-interface LoopBack 0
R12配置
做NAT
R3配置
r3\]acl 2000 \[r3-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.16.0 0.0.15.255 \[r3-acl-basic-2000\]q \[r3\]int s4/0/0 \[r3-Serial4/0/0\]nat outbound 2000
R6配置
r6\]acl 2000 \[r6-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255 \[r6-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.128.0 0.0.254.255 \[r6-acl-basic-2000\]q \[r6\]int s4/0/0 \[r6-Serial4/0/0\]nat outbound 2000
R7配置
r7\]acl 2000 \[r7-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.48.0 0.0.15.255 \[r7-acl-basic-2000\]rule permit source 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255 \[r7-acl-basic-2000\]q \[r7\]int g0/0/0 \[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0\]nat outbound 2000
5、测试
测试所有设备均可访问R4的环回







测试全网可达



