力扣HOT100 - 84. 柱状图中最大的矩形

解题思路：

单调栈

对于一个高度height i ，找左右两边均严格小于它的值。

class Solution {
    public int largestRectangleArea(int[] heights) {
        int n = heights.length;
        int[] left = new int[n];
        int[] right = new int[n];
        Deque<Integer> mono_stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            while (!mono_stack.isEmpty() && heights[mono_stack.peek()] >= heights[i]) {
                mono_stack.pop();
            }
            left[i] = (mono_stack.isEmpty() ? -1 : mono_stack.peek());
            mono_stack.push(i);
        }
        mono_stack.clear();
        for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            while (!mono_stack.isEmpty() && heights[mono_stack.peek()] >= heights[i]) {
                mono_stack.pop();
            }
            right[i] = (mono_stack.isEmpty() ? n : mono_stack.peek());
            mono_stack.push(i);
        }
        int ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            ans = Math.max(ans, (right[i] - left[i] - 1) * heights[i]);
        }
        return ans;
    }
}