研究背景
人的心脏有四个瓣膜,主动脉银、二尖、肺动脉和三尖源 不管是那一个膜发生了病变,都会导致心脏内的血流受到影响,这就是通常所说的心脏期膜病,很多是需要通过手术的方式进行改善的。随着人口老龄化的加剧,,心脏期膜病是我国最常见的心血管疾病之-,需要接受心脏瓣膜手术治疗的患者数量逐年拳升。心脏期膜手术是对病变的心脏辨膜所进行的外科手术,一般包括心脏期的置换和修复手术,心期手术是在外科技术的基础上,对病变的心脏期膜所进行的手术,可以改善患者心脏期聘狭窄或关闭不全的现象。不过心脏瓣膜病手术可能会引发机械瓣并发症,导致心功能变差,严重的还会直接造成患者死亡。
实验分析
首先导入基本的数据分析包
python
# import data handling libs
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
# import models
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression, LogisticRegression
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix, classification_report, accuracy_score
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
读取数据
python
# Importing dataset
df = pd.read_csv('dataset.csv')
展示数据集和结构
python
df.head()
rows, columns = df.shape
print(f"Number Of Rows : {rows}")
print(f"Number Of Columns : {columns}")
数据集特征结构
python
df.info()
描述性分析
python
df.describe()
查看每列的唯一值的数量
python
df.nunique()
查看下相关系数并且画出热力图
python
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
corr = df.corr()
sns.heatmap(corr, annot=True, cmap='Blues')
查看缺失值
python
df.isnull().sum()
接下来进行特征选择
python
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize']=15,6
sns.set_style("darkgrid")
x = df.iloc[:, :-1]
y = df.iloc[:,-1]
from sklearn.ensemble import ExtraTreesClassifier
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
model = ExtraTreesClassifier()
model.fit(x,y)
print(model.feature_importances_)
feat_importances = pd.Series(model.feature_importances_, index=x.columns)
feat_importances.nlargest(12).plot(kind='barh', color='teal')
plt.show()
检查一下离群值
python
sns.boxplot(x = df.ejection_fraction, color='teal')
plt.show()
可以发现有两个离群值
接下来对特征进行可视化
python
# Distribution of Age
import plotly.graph_objects as go
fig = go.Figure()
fig.add_trace(go.Histogram(
x = df['age'],
xbins=dict( # bins used for histogram
start=40,
end=95,
size=2
),
marker_color='#e8ab60',
opacity=1
))
fig.update_layout(
title_text='AGE DISTRIBUTION',
xaxis_title_text='AGE',
yaxis_title_text='COUNT',
bargap=0.05, # gap between bars of adjacent location coordinates
xaxis = {'showgrid': False },
yaxis = {'showgrid': False },
template = 'plotly_dark'
)
fig.show()
python
plt.style.use("seaborn")
for column in df.columns:
if df[column].dtype!="object":
plt.figure(figsize=(15,6))
plt.subplot(2,2,1)
sns.histplot(data=df,x=column,kde=True)
plt.ylabel("freq")
plt.xlabel(column)
plt.title(f"distribution of {column}")
plt.subplot(2,2,2)
sns.boxplot(data=df,x=column)
plt.ylabel(column)
plt.title(f"boxplot of {column}")
plt.show()
接下来进行机器学习预测,划分训练集和测试集
逻辑回归
python
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
scaler = MinMaxScaler()
x = scaler.fit_transform(x)
y = scaler.fit_transform(y.values.reshape(-1,1))
python
model = LogisticRegression()
model.fit(x_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(x_test)
print(classification_report(y_test,y_pred))
决策树
支持向量机
python
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize']=15,6
sns.set_style("darkgrid")
ax = sns.barplot(x=mylist2, y=mylist, palette = "rocket", saturation =1.5)
plt.xlabel("Classifier Models", fontsize = 20 )
plt.ylabel("% of Accuracy", fontsize = 20)
plt.title("Accuracy of different Classifier Models", fontsize = 20)
plt.xticks(fontsize = 12, horizontalalignment = 'center', rotation = 8)
plt.yticks(fontsize = 13)
for p in ax.patches:
width, height = p.get_width(), p.get_height()
x, y = p.get_xy()
ax.annotate(f'{height:.2%}', (x + width/2, y + height*1.02), ha='center', fontsize = 'x-large')
plt.show()
创作不易,希望大家多点赞关注评论!!!