Nginx之静态文件服务器的搭建

wyx学习k8s2024-06-17 9:14

1.概述

静态文件服务器是指提供HTML文件访问或客户端 可直接从中下载文件的Web服务器。对于图片、 JavaScript或CSS文件等渲染页面外观的、不会动态改 变内容的文件，大多数网站会单独提供以静态文件服 务器的方式对其进行访问，实现动静分离的架构。

HTML是一种标记语言，提供HTML文件读取是Web服 务器最基本的功能，Web服务器的配置样例如下：

复制代码 
server {
    listen 8080;
    root /opt/nginx-web/www; #存放静态文件的文件目录
    location / {
        index index.html;
    }
    location /js {
        alias /opt/nginx-web/static/js/; #存放JavaScript文件的文件目录
        index index.html;
    }
}

在以上配置中，每个server指令域等同于一个虚 拟服务器，每个location指令域等同于一个虚拟目录

2.实验

按照上述配置后，我们在/opt/nginx-web/www下放置一个index.html文件

复制代码 
#1.查看配置文件
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen       8080;
        listen       [::]:8080;
        server_name  11.0.1.18;
        root         /opt/nginx-web/www;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}
#2.查看index.html文件
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/index.html 
hello world
#3.重载nginx配置文件
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
#4.关闭防火墙
[root@ansible01 nginx]# systemctl stop firewalld
#5.关闭selinux
[root@ansible01 nginx]# setenforce 0
[root@ansible01 nginx]# getenforce 
Permissive

直接在windows用浏览器访问：11.0.1.18:8080

2.1 基于域名的虚拟主机

2.1.1 nginx配置

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen       80;
        listen       [::]:80;
        server_name  www.a.com;
        root         /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        listen       [::]:80;
        server_name  www.b.com;
        root         /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}

2.1.2 准备静态文件

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/a/index.html 
hello,this is www.a.com
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /opt/nginx-web/www/b/index.html 
hello,this is www.b.com

2.1.3 重启服务，增加ip域名映射

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
11.0.1.18 www.a.com
11.0.1.18 www.b.com

2.1.4 测试

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.a.com
hello,this is www.a.com
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.b.com
hello,this is www.b.com

2.2 基于端口的虚拟主机

2.2.1 nginx配置

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen       80;
        listen       [::]:80;
        server_name  www.test.com;
        root         /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       81;
        listen       [::]:81;
        server_name  www.test.com;
        root         /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}

2.2.2 重启服务，增加IP域名映射

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
11.0.1.18 www.a.com
11.0.1.18 www.b.com
11.0.1.18 www.test.com

2.2.3 测试

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:80
hello,this is www.a.com
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl www.test.com:81
hello,this is www.b.com

2.3 基于IP的虚拟主机

2.3.1 nginx配置

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# cat nginx.conf |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen       11.0.1.18:80;
        server_name  www.test.com;
        root         /opt/nginx-web/www/a/;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
    server {
        listen       11.0.1.19:80;
        server_name  www.test.com;
        root         /opt/nginx-web/www/b/;
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}

2.3.2 重启服务

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# nginx -s reload

2.3.3 测试

复制代码 
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.18
hello,this is www.a.com
[root@ansible01 nginx]# curl 11.0.1.19
hello,this is www.b.com
相关推荐
zzzzzz3108 小时前
9K Star 炸裂开源！这个 C 语言写的代码知识图谱，把 Linux 内核索引压缩到了 3 分钟
linux·服务器·sql
XIAOHEZIcode8 小时前
Linux系统鼠标偏移常见原因以及修复方案
linux·运维·游戏
用户0328472220701 天前
如何搭建本地yum源(上)
运维
ping某2 天前
为什么 Nginx 明明监听了 80，转发后端时却用了 4xxxx 端口？
后端·nginx
大树884 天前
金刚石散热越强，管路越先见顶
大数据·运维·服务器·人工智能·ai
摇滚侠4 天前
Linux CentOS7 rpm 安装 MySQL 5.7
linux·运维·mysql
霸道流氓气质4 天前
领域驱动设计（DDD）在 Spring Boot 微服务中的实践指南
运维·spring boot·微服务
小宇宙Zz4 天前
Maven依赖冲突
java·服务器·maven
Inhand陈工4 天前
基于台达PLC与映翰通IG502的智慧水产养殖精准投喂与远程运维解决方案
运维·人工智能·物联网·阿里云·信息与通信
酣大智4 天前
ARP代理--工作原理
运维·网络·arp·arp代理
热门推荐
012026年6月AI行业全景：从百模大战到Agent元年，这30天发生了什么？022026年6月AI大模型全景报告：GPT-5.6、Claude Opus 4.8、Gemini 3.5，中美AI三足鼎立谁主沉浮？032026 年 AI 编程工具终极横评：Cursor vs Claude Code vs Copilot vs Windsurf04【AI】2026 年具身智能模型和世界模型总结05GitHub 镜像站点06AI科技热点日报 | 2026年6月1日07AI一周事件 · 2026-06-03 至 2026-06-0908Claude Code、Codex、Cursor三分天下：2026年AI编程Agent生态全景剖析09上线仅72小时被强制下架：Claude Fable 5 的短命10Codex 下载安装指南：Windows 和 macOS 官方版下载