device_node和platform_device的生成流程

1. machine_desc的匹配

《这篇》有介绍DT_MACHINE_START的一些初始化操作，匹配上就会在后续的初始化中调用DT_MACHINE_START的成员来初始化系统的设备树，时钟，中断等

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start_kernel
    setup_arch(&command_line);
		mdesc = setup_machine_fdt(atags_vaddr) //返回成功匹配的machine_desc
        ....
        unflatten_device_tree(); //将设备树解析成device_node

1.1 setup_machine_fdt

early_init_dt_verify校验设备树，和初始化设备树指针；然后of_flat_dt_match_machine匹配MACHINE_START定义machine_desc和设备树

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const struct machine_desc * __init setup_machine_fdt(void *dt_virt)
{
	const struct machine_desc *mdesc, *mdesc_best = NULL;
 
#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_MULTIPLATFORM) || defined(CONFIG_ARM_SINGLE_ARMV7M)
	DT_MACHINE_START(GENERIC_DT, "Generic DT based system")
		.l2c_aux_val = 0x0,
		.l2c_aux_mask = ~0x0,
	MACHINE_END
 
	mdesc_best = &__mach_desc_GENERIC_DT;
#endif
 
	if (!dt_virt || !early_init_dt_verify(dt_virt))
		return NULL;
 
	mdesc = of_flat_dt_match_machine(mdesc_best, arch_get_next_mach);
 
	if (!mdesc) {
		const char *prop;
		int size;
		unsigned long dt_root;
 
		early_print("\nError: unrecognized/unsupported "
			    "device tree compatible list:\n[ ");
 
		dt_root = of_get_flat_dt_root();
		prop = of_get_flat_dt_prop(dt_root, "compatible", &size);
		while (size > 0) {
			early_print("'%s' ", prop);
			size -= strlen(prop) + 1;
			prop += strlen(prop) + 1;
		}
		early_print("]\n\n");
 
		dump_machine_table(); /* does not return */
	}
 
	/* We really don't want to do this, but sometimes firmware provides buggy data */
	if (mdesc->dt_fixup)
		mdesc->dt_fixup();
	early_init_dt_scan_nodes();
	/* Change machine number to match the mdesc we're using */
	__machine_arch_type = mdesc->nr;
 
	return mdesc;
}

1.2 early_init_dt_verify

将设备树指针给到initial_boot_params，供后续直接对设备树操作的api使用

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bool __init early_init_dt_verify(void *params)
{
	if (!params)
		return false;

	/* check device tree validity */
	if (fdt_check_header(params))
		return false;

	/* Setup flat device-tree pointer */
	initial_boot_params = params;
	of_fdt_crc32 = crc32_be(~0, initial_boot_params,
				fdt_totalsize(initial_boot_params));
	return true;
}

1.3 of_flat_dt_match_machine

of_flat_dt_match去匹配设备树跟machine_desc的dt_compat成员

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const void * __init of_flat_dt_match_machine(const void *default_match,
		const void * (*get_next_compat)(const char * const**))
{
	const void *data = NULL;
	const void *best_data = default_match;
	const char *const *compat;
	unsigned long dt_root;
	unsigned int best_score = ~1, score = 0;

	dt_root = of_get_flat_dt_root();
	while ((data = get_next_compat(&compat))) {
		score = of_flat_dt_match(dt_root, compat);
		if (score > 0 && score < best_score) {
			best_data = data;
			best_score = score;
		}
	}
	if (!best_data) {
		const char *prop;
		int size;

		pr_err("\n unrecognized device tree list:\n[ ");

		prop = of_get_flat_dt_prop(dt_root, "compatible", &size);
		if (prop) {
			while (size > 0) {
				printk("'%s' ", prop);
				size -= strlen(prop) + 1;
				prop += strlen(prop) + 1;
			}
		}
		printk("]\n\n");
		return NULL;
	}

	pr_info("Machine model: %s\n", of_flat_dt_get_machine_name());

	return best_data;
}

1.4 of_flat_dt_match

of_fdt_is_compatible通过设备树指针initial_boot_params找到兼容属性

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static int __init of_flat_dt_match(unsigned long node, const char *const *compat)
{
	unsigned int tmp, score = 0;

	if (!compat)
		return 0;

	while (*compat) {
		tmp = of_fdt_is_compatible(initial_boot_params, node, *compat);
		if (tmp && (score == 0 || (tmp < score)))
			score = tmp;
		compat++;
	}

	return score;
}

1.5 of_fdt_is_compatible

通过fdt_getprop直接获取compatible 属性，并比较字符串来看匹配上没

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static int of_fdt_is_compatible(const void *blob,
		      unsigned long node, const char *compat)
{
	const char *cp;
	int cplen;
	unsigned long l, score = 0;

	cp = fdt_getprop(blob, node, "compatible", &cplen);
	if (cp == NULL)
		return 0;
	while (cplen > 0) {
		score++;
		if (of_compat_cmp(cp, compat, strlen(compat)) == 0)
			return score;
		l = strlen(cp) + 1;
		cp += l;
		cplen -= l;
	}

	return 0;
}

2. device_node的生成

通过上面赋值的initial_boot_params，去将设备树解析成device_node结构的树

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void __init unflatten_device_tree(void)
{
	__unflatten_device_tree(initial_boot_params, NULL, &of_root,
				early_init_dt_alloc_memory_arch, false);

	/* Get pointer to "/chosen" and "/aliases" nodes for use everywhere */
	of_alias_scan(early_init_dt_alloc_memory_arch);

	unittest_unflatten_overlay_base();
}

2.1 unflatten_dt_nodes

通过populate_node填充device_node

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static int unflatten_dt_nodes(const void *blob,
			      void *mem,
			      struct device_node *dad,
			      struct device_node **nodepp)
{
	struct device_node *root;
	int offset = 0, depth = 0, initial_depth = 0;
#define FDT_MAX_DEPTH	64
	struct device_node *nps[FDT_MAX_DEPTH];
	void *base = mem;
	bool dryrun = !base;

	if (nodepp)
		*nodepp = NULL;

	/*
	 * We're unflattening device sub-tree if @dad is valid. There are
	 * possibly multiple nodes in the first level of depth. We need
	 * set @depth to 1 to make fdt_next_node() happy as it bails
	 * immediately when negative @depth is found. Otherwise, the device
	 * nodes except the first one won't be unflattened successfully.
	 */
	if (dad)
		depth = initial_depth = 1;

	root = dad;
	nps[depth] = dad;

	for (offset = 0;
	     offset >= 0 && depth >= initial_depth;
	     offset = fdt_next_node(blob, offset, &depth)) {
		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(depth >= FDT_MAX_DEPTH))
			continue;

		if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF_KOBJ) &&
		    !of_fdt_device_is_available(blob, offset))
			continue;

		if (!populate_node(blob, offset, &mem, nps[depth],
				   &nps[depth+1], dryrun))
			return mem - base;

		if (!dryrun && nodepp && !*nodepp)
			*nodepp = nps[depth+1];
		if (!dryrun && !root)
			root = nps[depth+1];
	}

	if (offset < 0 && offset != -FDT_ERR_NOTFOUND) {
		pr_err("Error %d processing FDT\n", offset);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/*
	 * Reverse the child list. Some drivers assumes node order matches .dts
	 * node order
	 */
	if (!dryrun)
		reverse_nodes(root);

	return mem - base;
}

2.2 populate_node

unflatten_dt_alloc分配节点，并通过populate_properties填充各属性

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static bool populate_node(const void *blob,
			  int offset,
			  void **mem,
			  struct device_node *dad,
			  struct device_node **pnp,
			  bool dryrun)
{
	struct device_node *np;
	const char *pathp;
	unsigned int l, allocl;

	pathp = fdt_get_name(blob, offset, &l);
	if (!pathp) {
		*pnp = NULL;
		return false;
	}

	allocl = ++l;

	np = unflatten_dt_alloc(mem, sizeof(struct device_node) + allocl,
				__alignof__(struct device_node));
	if (!dryrun) {
		char *fn;
		of_node_init(np);
		np->full_name = fn = ((char *)np) + sizeof(*np);

		memcpy(fn, pathp, l);

		if (dad != NULL) {
			np->parent = dad;
			np->sibling = dad->child;
			dad->child = np;
		}
	}

	populate_properties(blob, offset, mem, np, pathp, dryrun);
	if (!dryrun) {
		np->name = of_get_property(np, "name", NULL);
		if (!np->name)
			np->name = "<NULL>";
	}

	*pnp = np;
	return true;
}

3. paltform_device的生成

3.1 init_machine

MACHINE_START中含有一个.dt_compat成员，根据设备树的compatible属性来--锚定具体的machine_desc，；后续也会用init_machine来通过of_platform_populate，构造platfoem_device

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static void __init xxx_dt_init_machine(void)
{
        /* mmp_entry_vector_init(); */

        of_platform_populate(NULL, of_default_bus_match_table,
                             xxx_auxdata_lookup, NULL);

}

static const char *XXX_dt_board_compat[] __initdata = {
        "id-xxx,id-yyy",
        NULL,
};

DT_MACHINE_START(XXX_DT, "XXX (Device Tree Support)")
        .map_io         = mmp_map_io,
        .init_irq       = irqchip_init,
        .init_time      = xxx_init_time,
        .reserve        = xxx_reserve,
        .init_machine   = xxx_dt_init_machine,
        .dt_compat      = xxx_dt_board_compat,
        .restart        = xxx_arch_restart,
MACHINE_END

3.2 什么时候生成

系统初始化跑完了，在最后会执行kernel_init这个1号进程；去初始化initcall，和其他的一些初始化操作，最后成为用户层的init进程

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start_kernel
    arch_call_rest_init
        kernel_init
            kernel_init_freeable
                do_basic_setup()
                    do_initcalls()

static int __init customize_machine(void)
{
        /*
         * customizes platform devices, or adds new ones
         * On DT based machines, we fall back to populating the
         * machine from the device tree, if no callback is provided,
         * otherwise we would always need an init_machine callback.
         */
        if (machine_desc->init_machine)
                machine_desc->init_machine();

        return 0;
}
arch_initcall(customize_machine);

3.3 什么节点会被生成

1.一般情况下，只对设备树中根的一级子节点进行转换，也就是多级子节点(子节点的子节点)并不处理。

2.但是存在一种特殊情况，就是当某个根子节点的compatible属性为"simple-bus"、"simple-mfd"、"isa"、"arm,amba-bus"时，当前节点中的一级子节点将会被转换成platform_device节点。

3.节点中必须有compatible属性。

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const struct of_device_id of_default_bus_match_table[] = {
	{ .compatible = "simple-bus", },
	{ .compatible = "simple-mfd", },
	{ .compatible = "isa", },
#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_AMBA
	{ .compatible = "arm,amba-bus", },
#endif /* CONFIG_ARM_AMBA */
	{} /* Empty terminated list */
};

3.4 生成platfoem_device

终于到了产生platfoem_device地方:

(1)不再直接使用设备树，而是使用前面生成的device_node

(2)matches作为匹配表(of_default_bus_match_table); lookup作为platform_data(xxx_auxdata_lookup)

(3)生成细节见我们的《这篇》

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int of_platform_populate(struct device_node *root,
			const struct of_device_id *matches,
			const struct of_dev_auxdata *lookup,
			struct device *parent)
{
	struct device_node *child;
	int rc = 0;

	root = root ? of_node_get(root) : of_find_node_by_path("/");
	if (!root)
		return -EINVAL;

	pr_debug("%s()\n", __func__);
	pr_debug(" starting at: %pOF\n", root);

	for_each_child_of_node(root, child) {
		rc = of_platform_bus_create(child, matches, lookup, parent, true);
		if (rc) {
			of_node_put(child);
			break;
		}
	}
	of_node_set_flag(root, OF_POPULATED_BUS);

	of_node_put(root);
	return rc;
}