通用表空间创建语法
CREATE
InnoDB and NDB:
[ADD DATAFILE 'file_name']
[AUTOEXTEND_SIZE [=] value]
InnoDB only:
[FILE_BLOCK_SIZE = value]
[ENCRYPTION [=] {'Y' | 'N'}]
NDB only:
USE LOGFILE GROUP logfile_group
[EXTENT_SIZE [=] extent_size]
[INITIAL_SIZE [=] initial_size]
[MAX_SIZE [=] max_size]
[NODEGROUP [=] nodegroup_id]
[WAIT]
[COMMENT [=] 'string']
InnoDB and NDB:
[ENGINE [=] engine_name]
Reserved for future use:
[ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE [=] 'string']
创建通用表空间
例1:不指定数据文件路径
可以不指定数据文件路径创建通用表空间,这时候数据文件会默认创建在datadir路径下。
创建表空间:
language
mysql> create tablespace tbs1 add datafile 'tbs1.ibd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'datadir';
+---------------+------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------------+
| datadir | /data/8801/data/ |
+---------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from information_schema.innodb_tablespaces t join information_schema.innodb_datafiles d on t.SPACE=d.SPACE where t.NAME ='tbs1'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
SPACE: 4
NAME: tbs1
FLAG: 18432
ROW_FORMAT: Any
PAGE_SIZE: 16384
ZIP_PAGE_SIZE: 0
SPACE_TYPE: General
FS_BLOCK_SIZE: 4096
FILE_SIZE: 114688
ALLOCATED_SIZE: 65536
AUTOEXTEND_SIZE: 0
SERVER_VERSION: 8.0.25
SPACE_VERSION: 1
ENCRYPTION: N
STATE: normal
SPACE: 0x34
PATH: tbs1.ibd
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
数据文件在datadir下
[root@VM-20-8-centos
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Jun 28 14:59 tbs1.ibd
[root@VM-20-8-centos data]# pwd
/data/8801/data
例2: 省略add datafile语句
MySQL 8.0.14版本之后,创建表空间时可以省略add datafile语句。这时MySQL会隐式创建具有唯一文件名的表空间数据文件。
language
mysql> create tablespace tbs2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from information_schema.innodb_tablespaces t join information_schema.innodb_datafiles d on t.SPACE=d.SPACE where t.NAME ='tbs2'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
SPACE: 5
NAME: tbs2
FLAG: 18432
ROW_FORMAT: Any
PAGE_SIZE: 16384
ZIP_PAGE_SIZE: 0
SPACE_TYPE: General
FS_BLOCK_SIZE: 4096
FILE_SIZE: 114688
ALLOCATED_SIZE: 65536
AUTOEXTEND_SIZE: 0
SERVER_VERSION: 8.0.25
SPACE_VERSION: 1
ENCRYPTION: N
STATE: normal
SPACE: 0x35
PATH: 27a191cd-351d-11ef-aaae-5254009ccf5d.ibd
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看数据文件
[root@VM-20-8-centos data]# ll
total 189072
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 114688 Jun 28 15:08 27a191cd-351d-11ef-aaae-5254009ccf5d.ibd
例3:创建datadir路径外的表空间
通用表空间数据文件可以放置在数据目录之外的位置,但是路径必须是innodb_directories的值或者附加到innodb_directories值的变量(innodb_data_home_dir、innodb_undo_directory和datadir)之一。
innodb_directories参数的默认值为NULL。但是innodb_data_home_dir、innodb_undo_directory和datadir定义的目录会会附加到innodb_directories参数值上。
language
mysql> show variables like 'innodb_directories';
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| innodb_directories | |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'innodb_data_home_dir';
+----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------+
| innodb_data_home_dir | |
+----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'innodb_undo_directory';
+-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_undo_directory | ./ |
+-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'datadir';
+---------------+------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------------+
| datadir | /data/8801/data/ |
+---------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改innodb_directories变量参数需要修改MySQL配置文件,并重新启动MySQL服务。
例:创建datadir路径外的表空间
如果在未定义路径中创建通用表空间,由于不是已知目录,会发生如下ERROR 3121 (HY000)错误
sql
mysql> create tablespace tb3 add datafile '/data/general/tb3.ibd';
ERROR 3121 (HY000): The directory does not exist or is incorrect.
修改配置文件,重启数据库, 创建目录并赋权
language
vi my.cnf
innodb_directories=/data/general
mkdir -p /data/general
chown mysql.mysql -R /data
language
mysql> create tablespace tb3 add datafile '/data/general/tb3.ibd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from information_schema.innodb_tablespaces t join information_schema.innodb_datafiles d on t.SPACE=d.SPACE where t.NAME ='tb3'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
SPACE: 6
NAME: tb3
FLAG: 18432
ROW_FORMAT: Any
PAGE_SIZE: 16384
ZIP_PAGE_SIZE: 0
SPACE_TYPE: General
FS_BLOCK_SIZE: 4096
FILE_SIZE: 114688
ALLOCATED_SIZE: 65536
AUTOEXTEND_SIZE: 0
SERVER_VERSION: 8.0.25
SPACE_VERSION: 1
ENCRYPTION: N
STATE: normal
SPACE: 0x36
PATH: /data/general/tb3.ibd
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
例4:创建InnoDB通用表空间的限制
可以在数据目录(datadir)中创建通用表空间。
但是为了避免与隐式创建的每个表一个文件的表空间发生冲突,不支持在数据目录(datadir)的子目录中创建InnoDB通用表空间。
如果在数据目录(datadir)的子目录中创建InnoDB通用表空间会报ERROR 3121 (HY000)错误。
language
mysql> create tablespace sqlplusdb_tb1 add datafile '/data/8801/data/tb4.ibd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> create tablespace sqlplusdb_tb1 add datafile '/data/8801/data/test/tb5.ibd';
ERROR 1813 (HY000): Tablespace 'sqlplusdb_tb1' exists.
mysql>
通用表空间中的表
例1:创建表指定通用表空间
和Oracle一样,MySQL在创建表时可以指定表空间也可以修改表的表空间。
language
mysql> use testdb;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE TABLE test_t1 (id INT) TABLESPACE tbs1 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE test_t1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: test_t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test_t1` (
`id` int DEFAULT NULL
) /*!50100 TABLESPACE `tbs1` */ ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name as 'table_name', space_type from information_schema.innodb_tables where name like '%test_t1%' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
table_name: test/t1
space_type: Single
*************************** 2. row ***************************
table_name: testdb/test_t1
space_type: General
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
例2:修改表的表空间
通过ALTER TABLE语句的TABLESPACE选项可以修改表的表空间,将表在通用表空间、独立表空间或系统表空间之间进行移动。
例2-1:修改到不同的通用表空间中
通过ALTER TABLE tbl_name TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name修改表到不同的通用表空间中
例:
language
mysql> ALTER TABLE test_t1 tablespace=tbs2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
例2-2:修改表从独立表空间或系统表空间到通用表空间
language
mysql> select name as 'table_name', space_type from information_schema.innodb_tables where name ='test/t1' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
table_name: test/t1
space_type: Single
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> alter table t1 tablespace=tbs1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select name as 'table_name', space_type from information_schema.innodb_tables where name ='test/t1' \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
table_name: test/t1
space_type: General
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
例2-3:修改表从通用表空间或系统表空间到独立表空间
可以通过如下命令修改表从通用表空间或系统表空间到独立表空间。
ALTER TABLE tbl_name TABLESPACE [=] innodb_file_per_table;
例2-4:修改表从通用表空间或独立表空间到系统表空间
可以通过如下命令修改表从通用表空间或独立表空间到系统表空间。
ALTER TABLE tbl_name TABLESPACE [=] innodb_system;