deployment

一.deployment

rc和rs控制器都是控制pod的副本数量的,但是,他们两个有个缺点,就是在部署新版本pod或者回滚代码的时候,需要先apply资源清单,然后再删除现有pod,通过资源控制,重新拉取新的pod来实现回滚或者迭代升级

deployments资源,实际上就是用来专门部署业务代码的控制器,专门用于企业业务代码的升级和回滚

deployment部署控制器,实际上控制的是rs副本控制器,如果说rs副本控制器是控制pod的副本数量的,那么deployment就是专门控制rs控制器资源的

简单来说:deployment不需要删除pod,rc,rs需要删除pod

1.deplyment的简单实现

·deplyment资源清单

[root@master 0721]# cat dp.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dp-demo
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      demoo0: demoo0
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod001
      labels:
        demoo0: demoo0
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dd
        image: harbor.test.com/test/nginx:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

· 创建查看

[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f dp.yaml 
deployment.apps/dp-demo created
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get deploy
NAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
dp-demo   3/3     3            3           18s
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get rs
NAME                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
dp-demo-988687d45   3         3         3       25s
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dp-demo-988687d45-2b9d2   1/1     Running   0          38s   10.100.2.80   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo-988687d45-vp7xn   1/1     Running   0          38s   10.100.2.79   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo-988687d45-xg4fl   1/1     Running   0          38s   10.100.1.58   worker1   <none>           <none>

·通过标签查看pod时,可以发现pod多了一个标签

[root@master 0721]# kubectl get pods --show-labels 
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
dp-demo-988687d45-2b9d2   1/1     Running   0          61s   demoo0=demoo0,pod-template-hash=988687d45
dp-demo-988687d45-vp7xn   1/1     Running   0          61s   demoo0=demoo0,pod-template-hash=988687d45
dp-demo-988687d45-xg4fl   1/1     Running   0          61s   demoo0=demoo0,pod-template-hash=988687d45

注:

deployment:是用来部署服务的一个资源,是企业中常用的资源控制器

功能:

1,管理rs资源,通过rs资源管理pod

2,具有上线部署、副本设置、滚动升级、回滚等功能

3,提供了声明式更新,可以使用apply命令进行更新镜像版本之类的能力

使用场景:企业部署迭代应用

原理:

通过"标签"管理,实现rs资源的控制,它会在自动创建rs的过程中给rs自动生成一个特有的标签(专属于deployment),当apply更新清单的时候,它会通过标签选定是使用历史的rs还是重新创建rs

2.deployment升级回退

·v1版本

1.编辑deplyment资源清单

ps~直接用上面创建的那个也行

[root@master 0721]# cat dp.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dp-demo
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      demoo0: demoo0
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod001
      labels:
        demoo0: demoo0
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dd
        image: harbor.test.com/test/nginx:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
2.创建查看
[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f dp.yaml 
deployment.apps/dp-demo created
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get deploy
NAME      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
dp-demo   3/3     3            3           18s
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get rs
NAME                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
dp-demo-988687d45   3         3         3       25s
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dp-demo-988687d45-2b9d2   1/1     Running   0          38s   10.100.2.80   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo-988687d45-vp7xn   1/1     Running   0          38s   10.100.2.79   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo-988687d45-xg4fl   1/1     Running   0          38s   10.100.1.58   worker1   <none>           <none>
3.创建service资源用于访问
·编辑service资源清单
[root@master 0721]# cat svc.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: svc001
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    demoo0: demoo0
  ClusterIP: 10.200.200.101
  ports:
  - port: 99
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 30002
·创建查看
[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f svc.yaml 
service/svc001 created
[root@master 0721]# kubectl describe svc svc001 
Name:                     svc001
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   <none>
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 demoo0=demoo0
Type:                     NodePort
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.200.200.200
IPs:                      10.200.200.200
Port:                     <unset>  99/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30002/TCP
Endpoints:                10.100.1.58:80,10.100.2.79:80,10.100.2.80:80
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dp-demo-988687d45-2b9d2   1/1     Running   0          22m   10.100.2.80   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo-988687d45-vp7xn   1/1     Running   0          22m   10.100.2.79   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo-988687d45-xg4fl   1/1     Running   0          22m   10.100.1.58   worker1   <none>           <none>
4.浏览器访问测试

·v2版本

1.修改deployment清单中pod镜像版本为V2
[root@master 0721]# cat dp.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dp-demo
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      demoo0: demoo0
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod001
      labels:
        demoo0: demoo0
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dd
        image: harbor.test.com/test/nginx:v2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
2.重新加载deployment资源
[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f dp.yaml 
deployment.apps/dp-demo configured
3.浏览器访问测试

注:

deployment,不需要删除原有的pod,只需要apply重新更新一下资源清单,即可实现产品迭代,同比与rc和rs资源,优势明显

deployment资源,在apply升级后,是又重新创建了rs资源,也就是再升级的过程中,有两个rs资源

3.业务升级策略设置

升级过程中的控制策略

Kubernetes (k8s) 的升级策略取决于你想要如何管理更新。以下是一些常见的升级策略:

  1. 滚动更新(Rolling Update): 逐个更新Pod, 通过滚动更新Deployment来完成。

  2. 蓝绿部署(Blue/Green Deployment): 部署新版本的应用实例,然后将流量切换到新版本。

  3. 金丝雀部署(Canary Deployment): 部署新版本的一小部分,监控反馈,然后逐渐增加新版本的实例数量。

升级策略类型:

第一种:Recreate:先停止所有pod,再批量创建新的pod;生产环境不建议使用,因为用户在此时会访问不到服务;

第二种:RollingUpdate:滚动更新,即实现部分更新,逐渐替换掉原有的pod,也就是默认的策略;

·升级策略资源清单

[root@master 0721]# cat dp.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dp-demo
spec:
  #声明升级策略
  strategy:
    #设置升级策略类型
    type: RollingUpdate
    #若设置了RollingUpdate类型,还需要设置更新的策略
    rollingUpdate:
      #在原有pod副本数量的基础上,多启动pod的数量(也就是说,更新过程中同时可以存在2+副本数个pod,        新旧版本一起)
      maxSurge: 2
      #在升级的过程中最大不可访问的pod的数量(也就是说,pod副本数-1的数量可以被访问)
      maxUnavailable: 1

  replicas: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      demoo0: demoo0
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod001
      labels:
        demoo0: demoo0
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dd
        image: harbor.test.com/test/nginx:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

·升级创建资源

[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f dp.yaml 
deployment.apps/dp-demo configured
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get rs
NAME                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
dp-demo-6875bfb8b8   1         1         1       42m
dp-demo-988687d45    5         5         3       69m
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get rs
NAME                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
dp-demo-6875bfb8b8   0         0         0       42m
dp-demo-988687d45    5         5         4       69m
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get rs
NAME                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
dp-demo-6875bfb8b8   0         0         0       42m
dp-demo-988687d45    5         5         5       69m

4.蓝绿发布器

蓝绿发布,就是准备两套代码,不需要停止老版本(不影响上一个版本的用户访问),而是在另一套环境中部署新版本然后进行测试,测试通过后将用户流量切换到新的版本,其特点是业务没有终端,升级风险相对较小

实现方式:

1,部署当前版本代码

2,部署svc资源

3,部署新版本使用新的deployment名称,新的标签

4,切换svc标签到新的pod中实现业务切换;

·蓝环境-v1

1.编辑资源清单

deployment

[root@master 0721]# cat dp.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dp-demo
spec:
  replicas: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      demoo0: demoo0
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod001
      labels:
        demoo0: demoo0
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dd
        image: harbor.test.com/test/nginx:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

svc

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: svc001
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    demoo0: demoo0
  clusterIP: 10.200.200.200
  ports:
  - port: 99
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 30002
2.创建资源
[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f dp.yaml 
[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f svc.yaml 
3.浏览器访问测试

·绿环境-v2

1.编辑资源清单
[root@master 0721]# cat dp-green.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dp-demo02
spec:
  replicas: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      demoo02: demoo02
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod001
      labels:
        demoo02: demoo02
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dd
        image: harbor.test.com/test/nginx:v2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
2.创建查看资源
[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f dp-green.yaml 
deployment.apps/dp-demo02 created
[root@master 0721]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dp-demo01-7dbc8d76b9-4gl65   1/1     Running   0          5m26s   10.100.1.95    worker1   <none>           <none>
dp-demo01-7dbc8d76b9-67bpg   1/1     Running   0          5m26s   10.100.2.126   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo01-7dbc8d76b9-8mh2c   1/1     Running   0          5m26s   10.100.2.124   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo01-7dbc8d76b9-cnc6k   1/1     Running   0          5m26s   10.100.1.96    worker1   <none>           <none>
dp-demo01-7dbc8d76b9-wwsp6   1/1     Running   0          5m26s   10.100.2.125   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo02-6f444d7988-ddbrs   1/1     Running   0          4m39s   10.100.1.97    worker1   <none>           <none>
dp-demo02-6f444d7988-fhjhm   1/1     Running   0          4m39s   10.100.2.128   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo02-6f444d7988-hcljc   1/1     Running   0          4m39s   10.100.1.99    worker1   <none>           <none>
dp-demo02-6f444d7988-m5z9r   1/1     Running   0          4m39s   10.100.2.127   worker2   <none>           <none>
dp-demo02-6f444d7988-wpj47   1/1     Running   0          4m39s   10.100.1.98    worker1   <none>           <none>
3.切换svc资源的标签,让其指向新版本
[root@master 0721]# cat svc.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: svc001
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    demoo02: demoo02
  clusterIP: 10.200.200.200
  ports:
  - port: 99
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 30002
4.重新apply资源清单(svc)

有时候apply没用就需要先delete再apply重新创建

[root@master 0721]# kubectl delete svc svc001 
service "svc001" deleted
[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f svc.yaml 
service/svc001 created
5.浏览器访问测试

5.灰度发布(金丝雀发布)

实现的机制:

1,部署老版本,使用多副本(模拟正式环境)

2,部署svc,匹配标签

3,部署新版本,标签与老版本标签一致(让svc能够访问到,副本从0开始)

4,灰度版本测试没有问题,将恢复版本的副本数量,逐渐调高增加为生产数量

5,将旧版本逐渐调低至0,此时流量全部跑到了新版本上

·部署老版本

[root@master 0721]# cat dp.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dp-demo01
spec:
  replicas: 5
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      demoo01: demoo01
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod001
      labels:
        demoo01: demoo01
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dd
        image: harbor.test.com/test/nginx:v1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f dp.yaml 
deployment.apps/dp-demo01 created

·部署新版本

[root@master 0721]# cat dp-green.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dp-demo02
spec:
  replicas: 0
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      demoo01: demoo01
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod001
      labels:
        demoo01: demoo01
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: dd
        image: harbor.xinjizhiwa.com/test/nginx:v2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

·部署svc

[root@master 0721]# cat svc.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: svc001
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    demoo01: demoo01
  clusterIP: 10.200.200.200
  ports:
  - port: 99
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 30002

[root@master 0721]# kubectl apply -f svc.yaml 
service/svc001 created
[root@master 0721]# kubectl describe svc svc001 
Name:                     svc001
Namespace:                default
Labels:                   <none>
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 demoo01=demoo01
Type:                     NodePort
IP Family Policy:         SingleStack
IP Families:              IPv4
IP:                       10.200.200.200
IPs:                      10.200.200.200
Port:                     <unset>  99/TCP
TargetPort:               80/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  30002/TCP
Endpoints:                10.100.1.100:80,10.100.1.101:80,10.100.2.129:80 + 2 more...
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:                   <none>

·将新版本的副本逐渐调高

就是将老版本rs控制器数量逐渐调低,新版本的逐渐调高(修改资源清单中的rs数量)

6.案例

步骤分析:

1.准备NFS环境

2.【wordpress的pod】创建deployment资源的wordpress(pod)容器

3.【用户访问的svc】创建用户访问的svc资源

4.【数据库的pod】创建deployment资源的数据库服务的pod容器

5.【数据库的svc】创建业务服务wordpress的pod资源访问数据库的svc资源

·准备nfs环境

nfs之前装过,存储节点配置nfs配置文件也在之前配置过了,所以创建个存储路径就好了

1.创建存储路径
 mkdir -p /k8s/data/{mysql,wordpress}

·编辑wordpress的depoloy资源清单

[root@master demowordpress]# cat dm-wordperss.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dm-wp
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s: wp
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod01
      labels:
        k8s: wp
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: vol-wp
        nfs:
          server: 10.0.0.230
          path: /k8s/data/wordpress
      containers:
      - name: c-wp
        image: wordpress:latest
        ports:
        - name: wp-c-port
          containerPort: 80
        volumeMounts:
        - name: vol-wp
          mountPath: /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads
        env:
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST
          value: 10.200.200.200:3306
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_USER
          value: admin
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD
          value: demoo
        - name: WORDPRESS_DB_NAME
          value: wordpress

·编辑wordpress的svc资源

[root@master demowordpress]# cat svc-wordpress.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc-wp
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s: wp
  clusterIP: 10.200.200.100
  ports:
  - port: 99
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 31000

·编辑数据库的deploy资源清单

[root@master demowordpress]# cat dm-mysql.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: dm-sql
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s: sql
  template:
    metadata:
      name: pod02
      labels: 
        k8s: sql
    spec:
      volumes:
      - name: vol-sql
        nfs:
          server: 10.0.0.230
          path: /k8s/data/mysql
      containers:
      - name: c-db
        image: mysql:8.0
        ports:
        - name: db-port
          containerPort: 3306
        volumeMounts:
        - name: vol-sql
          mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
        env:
        - name: MYSQL_DATABASE
          value: wordpress
        - name: MYSQL_USER
          value: admin
        - name: MYSQL_PASSWORD
          value: demoo
        - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
          value: demoo

·编辑数据库的svc资源

[root@master demowordpress]# cat svc-mysql.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: svc-sql
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    k8s: sql
  clusterIP: 10.200.200.200
  ports:
  - port: 3306
    targetPort: 3306
    nodePort: 32000

·创建查看资源

[root@master demowordpress]# kubectl apply -f .
deployment.apps/dm-sql created
deployment.apps/dm-wp created
service/svc-sql unchanged
service/svc-wp unchanged
[root@master demowordpress]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.200.0.1       <none>        443/TCP          14d
svc-sql      NodePort    10.200.200.200   <none>        3306:32000/TCP   14m
svc-wp       NodePort    10.200.200.100   <none>        99:31000/TCP     11m
[root@master demowordpress]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE      NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
dm-sql-86b77b85c9-cqtd6   1/1     Running   0          2m28s   10.100.1.106   worker1   <none>           <none>
dm-wp-75f457464f-2zn79    1/1     Running   0          2m28s   10.100.1.104   worker1   <none>           <none>
dm-wp-75f457464f-94tm5    1/1     Running   0          2m28s   10.100.2.2     worker2   <none>           <none>
dm-wp-75f457464f-jb7zx    1/1     Running   0          2m28s   10.100.1.105   worker1   <none>           <none>

·查看nfs存储路径,是否有数据

[root@harbor data]# ll mysql/
总用量 198056
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input       56 7月  28 16:28 auto.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input  3117698 7月  28 16:28 binlog.000001
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input      156 7月  28 16:28 binlog.000002
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input       32 7月  28 16:28 binlog.index
-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 7月  28 16:28 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 7月  28 16:28 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 7月  28 16:28 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 7月  28 16:28 client-key.pem
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input   196608 7月  28 16:28 #ib_16384_0.dblwr
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input  8585216 7月  28 16:28 #ib_16384_1.dblwr
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input     5698 7月  28 16:28 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 12582912 7月  28 16:28 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 50331648 7月  28 16:28 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 50331648 7月  28 16:28 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 12582912 7月  28 16:29 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input      187 7月  28 16:28 #innodb_temp
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input      143 7月  28 16:28 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 31457280 7月  28 16:28 mysql.ibd
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input     8192 7月  28 16:28 performance_schema
-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1676 7月  28 16:28 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input      452 7月  28 16:28 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 polkitd input     1112 7月  28 16:28 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 polkitd input     1680 7月  28 16:28 server-key.pem
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input       28 7月  28 16:28 sys
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 16777216 7月  28 16:28 undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 polkitd input 16777216 7月  28 16:28 undo_002
drwxr-x--- 2 polkitd input        6 7月  28 16:28 wordpress

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