haproxy负载均衡+mysql读写分离

haproxy负载均衡

[root@haproxy01 ~]# yum -y install ntpdate

[root@haproxy01 ~]# yum -y install ntp

[root@haproxy01 ~]# systemctl start ntpd

安装haproxy

[root@haproxy01 ~]# yum -y install ntpdate

配置文件的地址

[root@haproxy01 ~]# rpm -ql haproxy

[root@haproxy01 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

frontend main *:80 //修改63行为80

use_backend static if url_static //注释掉这一行

default_backend web //修改68行为web

backend web //在最后添加这几行

balance roundrobin

server weba 192.168.2.200:80 check

server webb 192.168.2.201:80 check

[root@haproxy01 ~]# systemctl start haproxy

[root@haproxy01 ~]# systemctl enable haproxy.service

访问haproxy自己，对web01，web02实现了轮询负载均衡

[root@haproxy01 ~]# curl 192.168.2.11

web---------01

[root@haproxy01 ~]# curl 192.168.2.11

web----------02

[root@haproxy01 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

定义web管理界面

listen statistics

bind *:9090 #定义监听端口

mode http #默认使用协议

stats enable #启用stats

stats uri /hadmin?stats #自定义统计页面的url

stats auth admin:admin #统计页面的账号密码

stats hide-version #隐藏在统计页面上的

stats refresh 30s #统计页面自动刷新时间

stats admin if TRUE #如果认证通过就做管理

stats realm hapadmin #统计页面密码框上提示

[root@haproxy01 ~]# systemctl restart haproxy

在浏览器访问192.168.2.11:9090/hsdmin?stats

加权轮询

[root@haproxy01 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

backend web

balance static-rr

server weba 192.168.2.200:80 weight 8 check

server webb 192.168.2.201:80 weight 2 check

[root@haproxy01 ~]# systemctl restart haproxy

Curl 192.168.2.11 //结果是web01出现的次数多于web02

[root@haproxy01 ~]# curl 192.168.2.11

web---------01

[root@haproxy01 ~]# curl 192.168.2.11

web---------01

[root@haproxy01 ~]# curl 192.168.2.11

web----------02

[root@haproxy01 ~]# curl 192.168.2.11

web---------01

[root@haproxy01 ~]# curl 192.168.2.11

web---------01

[root@haproxy01 ~]# curl 192.168.2.11

web---------01

mysql读写分离

1. 在生产中，查询和修改的比例大概为7：3，查询压力大，可以分出多的主机做查询，slave也可以被查询，所有，可以将mysql做高可用主从复制
2. 用户发送请求服务器响应压力（nginx,lvs,haproxy），但是web服务器需要提供服务，需要从数据库读数据，随着业务量并发量提高，单点mysql已经无法满足需求，所以要配置1主1从，一主多从
3. 对数据库的从服务器是不允许修改，否则M-S失效
4. 读写分离
5. 代码级读写分离，中间件读写分离

mysql的主从复制

1. master

2. rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

3. glibc,下载解压

4. 将解压后的文件移动的指定的/usr/local/mysql

5. mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

6. useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

7. chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

8. chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

9. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --

user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/

9. 查看data目录和初始密码

10. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

11. 配置文件[mysqld]

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

port=3306

log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-

master.err

log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog

server-id=10

character_set_server=utf8mb4

12.cp /usr/local/mysql/suport-files/msyql.server

/etc/init.d/mysql8

13.service mysql8 start

14.sed -i '$aexport

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' /etc/profile

15.source /etc/profile

16.mysql -h10.1.1.11 -P3306 -uzhangmin -

pzhangmin

17.create user 'aaaa'%'aaaa' identified by 'sn'

18.grant all on . to 'aaaa';

2. slave

3. rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

4. glibc,下载解压

5. 将解压后的文件移动的指定的/usr/local/mysql4. mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

6. useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql

7. chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

8. chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files

9. 配置文件

[mysqld]

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

port=3310

log

error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log

relay

log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog

server-id=11

character_set_server=utf8mb4

9.cp /usr/local/mysql/suport-files/msyql.server

/etc/init.d/mysql8

3. 同步数据

4. yum -y install rsync

5. service mysql8 stop

6. master=> rm -rf /usrlocal/mysql/data/auto.cnf4. rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data

root@slaveip:/usr/loca/mysql

5. salve=>service mysql8 start

6. master=>service msyql8 start

7. 设置主数据库

8. 创建远程slave账号

create user 'slave'@'%' identified by

'slave';

grant replication slave on *.* to

'slave'%'%';

flush privileges;

2. flush tables with read lock;

3. show master status\G;

4. 文件名称

5. 文件位置

6. 设置从数据库 help change master to

7. change master to change master to

MASTER_HOST = '10.1.1.11' ,

MASTER_USER = 'slave' ,

MASTER_PASSWORD = 'slave' ,

MASTER_PORT = 3306,

MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'binlog000006' ,

MASTER_LOG_POS = 873,

GET_MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY = 1;

2. 启动slave并且查看状态

start slave;

show slave status\G

3. master => unlock tables;

python代码的读写分离

1.安装pymysql 是python管理mysql的驱动，或者成为

连接器

pip3 install pymysql

2.在python3的命令行界面引入pymysql

import pymysql3.创建两个connenction对象，一个指向master

mysql，一个指向slave msyql

master_conn=pymysql.connect(host="10.1.1.11"

,user="zhangmin",password="zhangmin",port=33

06,database="test");

slave_conn=pymysql.connect(host="10.1.1.12",

user="zhangmin",password="zhangmin",port=331

0,database="test");

4. 获取数据游标 master

master_cursor=master_conn.cursor()

5. 执行查询 master

select_sql="select * from user";

master_cursor.execute(select_sql);

rs=cursor.fetchall()

6. 执行修改 master

update_sql="update user set

password='000' where username='aaaa'"

master_cursor.execute(update_sql)

master_conn.commit()

7. 执行删除 masterdelete_sql="delete from user where

username='aaaa'"

master_cursor.execute(delete_sql)

master_conn.commit()

8. 执行新增 master

insert_sql="insert into user values

(1004, 'dddddd' , 'ddddddd')"

master_cursor.execute(insert_sql);

master_conn.commit()

9. 执行查询 slave

>>> # 执行查询 获得获得slave 游标

...

>>> slave_cursor=slave_conn.cursor()

>>> sql

'select * from user'

>>> slave_cursor.execute(sql)

3

>>> slave_cursor.fetchall()

((2, 'bbb' , 'bbbb'), (3, 'ccc' , 'cccc'),

(1004, 'ddddd' , 'ddddddd'))