haproxy负载均衡
root@haproxy01 \~\]# yum -y install ntpdate \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# yum -y install ntp \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# systemctl start ntpd 安装haproxy \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# yum -y install ntpdate 配置文件的地址 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# rpm -ql haproxy \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg frontend main \*:80 //修改63行为80 # use_backend static if url_static //注释掉这一行 default_backend web //修改68行为web backend web //在最后添加这几行 balance roundrobin server weba 192.168.2.200:80 check server webb 192.168.2.201:80 check \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# systemctl start haproxy \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# systemctl enable haproxy.service 访问haproxy自己,对web01,web02实现了轮询负载均衡 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# curl 192.168.2.11 web---------01 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# curl 192.168.2.11 web----------02 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg # 定义web管理界面 listen statistics bind \*:9090 #定义监听端口 mode http #默认使用协议 stats enable #启用stats stats uri /hadmin?stats #自定义统计页面的url stats auth admin:admin #统计页面的账号密码 stats hide-version #隐藏在统计页面上的 stats refresh 30s #统计页面自动刷新时间 stats admin if TRUE #如果认证通过就做管理 stats realm hapadmin #统计页面密码框上提示 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# systemctl restart haproxy 在浏览器访问192.168.2.11:9090/hsdmin?stats  加权轮询 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg backend web balance static-rr server weba 192.168.2.200:80 weight 8 check server webb 192.168.2.201:80 weight 2 check \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# systemctl restart haproxy Curl 192.168.2.11 //结果是web01出现的次数多于web02 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# curl 192.168.2.11 web---------01 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# curl 192.168.2.11 web---------01 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# curl 192.168.2.11 web----------02 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# curl 192.168.2.11 web---------01 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# curl 192.168.2.11 web---------01 \[root@haproxy01 \~\]# curl 192.168.2.11 web---------01 mysql读写分离  1. 在生产中,查询和修改的比例大概为7:3,查询压力大,可以分出多的主机做查询,slave也可以被查询,所有,可以将mysql做高可用主从复制 2. 用户发送请求服务器响应压力(nginx,lvs,haproxy),但是web服务器需要提供服务,需要从数据库读数据,随着业务量并发量提高,单点mysql已经无法满足需求,所以要配置1主1从,一主多从 3. 对数据库的从服务器是不允许修改,否则M-S失效 4. 读写分离 5. 代码级读写分离,中间件读写分离 mysql的主从复制 1. master 1. rm -rf /etc/my.cnf 2. glibc,下载解压 3. 将解压后的文件移动的指定的/usr/local/mysql 4. mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files 5. useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql 6. chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files 7. chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files 8. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize -- user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ 9. 查看data目录和初始密码 10. /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup -- datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 11. 配置文件\[mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-
master.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
server-id=10
character_set_server=utf8mb4
12.cp /usr/local/mysql/suport-files/msyql.server
/etc/init.d/mysql8
13.service mysql8 start
14.sed -i '$aexport
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' /etc/profile
15.source /etc/profile
16.mysql -h10.1.1.11 -P3306 -uzhangmin -
pzhangmin
17.create user 'aaaa'%'aaaa' identified by 'sn'
18.grant all on . to 'aaaa';
-
slave
-
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
-
glibc,下载解压
-
将解压后的文件移动的指定的/usr/local/mysql4. mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
-
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
-
chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
-
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
-
配置文件
mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3310
log
error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log
relay
log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog
server-id=11
character_set_server=utf8mb4
9.cp /usr/local/mysql/suport-files/msyql.server
/etc/init.d/mysql8
-
同步数据
-
yum -y install rsync
-
service mysql8 stop
-
master=> rm -rf /usrlocal/mysql/data/auto.cnf4. rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data
root@slaveip:/usr/loca/mysql
-
salve=>service mysql8 start
-
master=>service msyql8 start
-
设置主数据库
-
创建远程slave账号
create user 'slave'@'%' identified by
'slave';
grant replication slave on *.* to
'slave'%'%';
flush privileges;
-
flush tables with read lock;
-
show master status\G;
-
文件名称
-
文件位置
-
设置从数据库 help change master to
-
change master to change master to
MASTER_HOST = '10.1.1.11' ,
MASTER_USER = 'slave' ,
MASTER_PASSWORD = 'slave' ,
MASTER_PORT = 3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'binlog000006' ,
MASTER_LOG_POS = 873,
GET_MASTER_PUBLIC_KEY = 1;
- 启动slave并且查看状态
start slave;
show slave status\G
- master => unlock tables;
python代码的读写分离
1.安装pymysql 是python管理mysql的驱动,或者成为
连接器
pip3 install pymysql
2.在python3的命令行界面引入pymysql
import pymysql3.创建两个connenction对象,一个指向master
mysql,一个指向slave msyql
master_conn=pymysql.connect(host="10.1.1.11"
,user="zhangmin",password="zhangmin",port=33
06,database="test");
slave_conn=pymysql.connect(host="10.1.1.12",
user="zhangmin",password="zhangmin",port=331
0,database="test");
- 获取数据游标 master
master_cursor=master_conn.cursor()
- 执行查询 master
select_sql="select * from user";
master_cursor.execute(select_sql);
rs=cursor.fetchall()
- 执行修改 master
update_sql="update user set
password='000' where username='aaaa'"
master_cursor.execute(update_sql)
master_conn.commit()
- 执行删除 masterdelete_sql="delete from user where
username='aaaa'"
master_cursor.execute(delete_sql)
master_conn.commit()
- 执行新增 master
insert_sql="insert into user values
(1004, 'dddddd' , 'ddddddd')"
master_cursor.execute(insert_sql);
master_conn.commit()
- 执行查询 slave
>>> # 执行查询 获得获得slave 游标
...
>>> slave_cursor=slave_conn.cursor()
>>> sql
'select * from user'
>>> slave_cursor.execute(sql)
3
>>> slave_cursor.fetchall()
((2, 'bbb' , 'bbbb'), (3, 'ccc' , 'cccc'),
(1004, 'ddddd' , 'ddddddd'))