基于python和neo4j构建知识图谱医药问答系统

一、pyahocorasick

1.安装 pyahocorasick 包:
pip install pyahocorasick -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

  • pip install pyahocorasick :安装名为 pyahocorasick 的第三方库

    👉 这个库是一个 Aho-Corasick 多模匹配算法 的 Python 实现,常用于高效的多关键词搜索。

  • -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ :指定 pip 使用 清华镜像源,下载会更快、更稳定,尤其是在国内网络环境下。

2.介绍

pyahocorasick 是 Python 的一个第三方库,

实现了 Aho--Corasick 多模式串匹配算法(自动机算法)。

👉 简单理解:

如果你有 很多关键词 ,想要在 一段文本一次性高效匹配出所有关键词的位置 ,用普通的 for 循环挨个匹配会很慢,而 Aho--Corasick 算法可以用 O(n + m + k) 的时间(接近线性时间)搞定,非常高效。

二、创建医疗知识图谱

python 复制代码
#选材自开源项目(刘焕勇,中国科学院软件研究所),数据集来自互联网爬虫数据
import os
import json
from py2neo import Graph,Node

class MedicalGraph:
    def __init__(self):
        cur_dir = '/'.join(os.path.abspath(__file__).split('/')[:-1])
        self.data_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, 'data/medical2.json')
        self.g = Graph("bolt://localhost:7687", auth=("neo4j", "weixuanlv0304"))

    '''读取文件'''
    def read_nodes(self):
        # 共7类节点
        drugs = [] # 药品
        foods = [] # 食物
        checks = [] # 检查
        departments = [] #科室
        producers = [] #药品大类
        diseases = [] #疾病
        symptoms = []#症状

        disease_infos = []#疾病信息

        # 构建节点实体关系
        rels_department = [] # 科室-科室关系
        rels_noteat = [] # 疾病-忌吃食物关系
        rels_doeat = [] # 疾病-宜吃食物关系
        rels_recommandeat = [] # 疾病-推荐吃食物关系
        rels_commonddrug = [] # 疾病-通用药品关系
        rels_recommanddrug = [] # 疾病-热门药品关系
        rels_check = [] # 疾病-检查关系
        rels_drug_producer = [] # 厂商-药物关系

        rels_symptom = [] #疾病症状关系
        rels_acompany = [] # 疾病并发关系
        rels_category = [] # 疾病与科室之间的关系


        count = 0
        for data in open(self.data_path):
            disease_dict = {}
            count += 1
            print(count)
            data_json = json.loads(data)
            disease = data_json['name']
            disease_dict['name'] = disease
            diseases.append(disease)
            disease_dict['desc'] = ''
            disease_dict['prevent'] = ''
            disease_dict['cause'] = ''
            disease_dict['easy_get'] = ''
            disease_dict['cure_department'] = ''
            disease_dict['cure_way'] = ''
            disease_dict['cure_lasttime'] = ''
            disease_dict['symptom'] = ''
            disease_dict['cured_prob'] = ''

            if 'symptom' in data_json:
                symptoms += data_json['symptom']
                for symptom in data_json['symptom']:
                    rels_symptom.append([disease, symptom])

            if 'acompany' in data_json:
                for acompany in data_json['acompany']:
                    rels_acompany.append([disease, acompany])

            if 'desc' in data_json:
                disease_dict['desc'] = data_json['desc']

            if 'prevent' in data_json:
                disease_dict['prevent'] = data_json['prevent']

            if 'cause' in data_json:
                disease_dict['cause'] = data_json['cause']

            if 'get_prob' in data_json:
                disease_dict['get_prob'] = data_json['get_prob']

            if 'easy_get' in data_json:
                disease_dict['easy_get'] = data_json['easy_get']

            if 'cure_department' in data_json:
                cure_department = data_json['cure_department']
                if len(cure_department) == 1:
                    rels_category.append([disease, cure_department[0]])
                if len(cure_department) == 2:
                    big = cure_department[0]
                    small = cure_department[1]
                    rels_department.append([small, big])
                    rels_category.append([disease, small])

                disease_dict['cure_department'] = cure_department
                departments += cure_department

            if 'cure_way' in data_json:
                disease_dict['cure_way'] = data_json['cure_way']

            if  'cure_lasttime' in data_json:
                disease_dict['cure_lasttime'] = data_json['cure_lasttime']

            if 'cured_prob' in data_json:
                disease_dict['cured_prob'] = data_json['cured_prob']

            if 'common_drug' in data_json:
                common_drug = data_json['common_drug']
                for drug in common_drug:
                    rels_commonddrug.append([disease, drug])
                drugs += common_drug

            if 'recommand_drug' in data_json:
                recommand_drug = data_json['recommand_drug']
                drugs += recommand_drug
                for drug in recommand_drug:
                    rels_recommanddrug.append([disease, drug])

            if 'not_eat' in data_json:
                not_eat = data_json['not_eat']
                for _not in not_eat:
                    rels_noteat.append([disease, _not])

                foods += not_eat
                do_eat = data_json['do_eat']
                for _do in do_eat:
                    rels_doeat.append([disease, _do])

                foods += do_eat
                recommand_eat = data_json['recommand_eat']

                for _recommand in recommand_eat:
                    rels_recommandeat.append([disease, _recommand])
                foods += recommand_eat

            if 'check' in data_json:
                check = data_json['check']
                for _check in check:
                    rels_check.append([disease, _check])
                checks += check
            if 'drug_detail' in data_json:
                drug_detail = data_json['drug_detail']
                producer = [i.split('(')[0] for i in drug_detail]
                rels_drug_producer += [[i.split('(')[0], i.split('(')[-1].replace(')', '')] for i in drug_detail]
                producers += producer
            disease_infos.append(disease_dict)
        return set(drugs), set(foods), set(checks), set(departments), set(producers), set(symptoms), set(diseases), disease_infos,\
               rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,\
               rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category

    '''建立节点'''
    def create_node(self, label, nodes):
        count = 0
        for node_name in nodes:
            node = Node(label, name=node_name)
            self.g.create(node)
            count += 1
            print(count, len(nodes))
        return

    '''创建知识图谱中心疾病的节点'''
    def create_diseases_nodes(self, disease_infos):
        count = 0
        for disease_dict in disease_infos:
            node = Node("Disease", name=disease_dict['name'], desc=disease_dict['desc'],
                        prevent=disease_dict['prevent'] ,cause=disease_dict['cause'],
                        easy_get=disease_dict['easy_get'],cure_lasttime=disease_dict['cure_lasttime'],
                        cure_department=disease_dict['cure_department']
                        ,cure_way=disease_dict['cure_way'] , cured_prob=disease_dict['cured_prob'])
            self.g.create(node)
            count += 1
            print(count)
        return

    '''创建知识图谱实体节点类型schema'''
    def create_graphnodes(self):
        Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos,rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes()
        self.create_diseases_nodes(disease_infos)
        self.create_node('Drug', Drugs)
        print(len(Drugs))
        self.create_node('Food', Foods)
        print(len(Foods))
        self.create_node('Check', Checks)
        print(len(Checks))
        self.create_node('Department', Departments)
        print(len(Departments))
        self.create_node('Producer', Producers)
        print(len(Producers))
        self.create_node('Symptom', Symptoms)
        return


    '''创建实体关系边'''
    def create_graphrels(self):
        Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos, rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug,rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes()
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_recommandeat, 'recommand_eat', '推荐食谱')
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_noteat, 'no_eat', '忌吃')
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Food', rels_doeat, 'do_eat', '宜吃')
        self.create_relationship('Department', 'Department', rels_department, 'belongs_to', '属于')
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Drug', rels_commonddrug, 'common_drug', '常用药品')
        self.create_relationship('Producer', 'Drug', rels_drug_producer, 'drugs_of', '生产药品')
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Drug', rels_recommanddrug, 'recommand_drug', '好评药品')
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Check', rels_check, 'need_check', '诊断检查')
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Symptom', rels_symptom, 'has_symptom', '症状')
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Disease', rels_acompany, 'acompany_with', '并发症')
        self.create_relationship('Disease', 'Department', rels_category, 'belongs_to', '所属科室')

    '''创建实体关联边'''
    def create_relationship(self, start_node, end_node, edges, rel_type, rel_name):
        count = 0
        # 去重处理
        set_edges = []
        for edge in edges:
            set_edges.append('###'.join(edge))
        all = len(set(set_edges))
        for edge in set(set_edges):
            edge = edge.split('###')
            p = edge[0]
            q = edge[1]
            query = "match(p:%s),(q:%s) where p.name='%s'and q.name='%s' create (p)-[rel:%s{name:'%s'}]->(q)" % (
                start_node, end_node, p, q, rel_type, rel_name)
            try:
                self.g.run(query)
                count += 1
                print(rel_type, count, all)
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
        return

    '''导出数据'''
    def export_data(self):
        Drugs, Foods, Checks, Departments, Producers, Symptoms, Diseases, disease_infos, rels_check, rels_recommandeat, rels_noteat, rels_doeat, rels_department, rels_commonddrug, rels_drug_producer, rels_recommanddrug, rels_symptom, rels_acompany, rels_category = self.read_nodes()
        f_drug = open('drug.txt', 'w+')
        f_food = open('food.txt', 'w+')
        f_check = open('check.txt', 'w+')
        f_department = open('department.txt', 'w+')
        f_producer = open('producer.txt', 'w+')
        f_symptom = open('symptoms.txt', 'w+')
        f_disease = open('disease.txt', 'w+')

        f_drug.write('\n'.join(list(Drugs)))
        f_food.write('\n'.join(list(Foods)))
        f_check.write('\n'.join(list(Checks)))
        f_department.write('\n'.join(list(Departments)))
        f_producer.write('\n'.join(list(Producers)))
        f_symptom.write('\n'.join(list(Symptoms)))
        f_disease.write('\n'.join(list(Diseases)))

        f_drug.close()
        f_food.close()
        f_check.close()
        f_department.close()
        f_producer.close()
        f_symptom.close()
        f_disease.close()

        return



if __name__ == '__main__':
    handler = MedicalGraph()
    #handler.export_data()
    handler.create_graphnodes()
    handler.create_graphrels()

三、问答机器人对话

python 复制代码
from question_classifier import *
from question_parser import *
from answer_search import *

'''问答类'''
class ChatBotGraph:
    def __init__(self):
        self.classifier = QuestionClassifier()
        self.parser = QuestionPaser()
        self.searcher = AnswerSearcher()

    def chat_main(self, sent):
        answer = '没能理解您的问题,我数据量有限。。。能不能问的标准点'
        res_classify = self.classifier.classify(sent)
        if not res_classify:
            return answer
        res_sql = self.parser.parser_main(res_classify)
        final_answers = self.searcher.search_main(res_sql)
        if not final_answers:
            return answer
        else:
            return '\n'.join(final_answers)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    handler = ChatBotGraph()
    while 1:
        question = input('咨询:')
        answer = handler.chat_main(question)
        print('客服机器人:', answer)
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