RabbitMQ 入门教程
1. 引言
RabbitMQ 是一个开源的消息代理和队列服务器，实现高级消息队列协议 (AMQP)。它能帮助开发者实现应用程序间的解耦、异步处理、流量削峰等需求。
2. 安装与配置
2.1 安装RabbitMQ
++2.1.1 Ubuntu++
```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rabbitmq-server
```
++2.1.2 Windows++
-
下载安装包: [RabbitMQ Download](https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html)
-
运行安装向导。
2.2 启动服务
```bash
sudo service rabbitmq-server start
```
2.3 配置管理插件
```bash
sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
```
2.4 访问管理界面
-
浏览器访问: `http://localhost:15672/\`
-
默认用户名/密码: `guest/guest`
3. Python 开发环境准备
3.1 安装pika库
```bash
pip install pika
```
4. Hello World 示例
4.1 发送端 - send.py
```python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='hello',
body='Hello World!')
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
```
4.2 接收端 - receive.py
```python
import pika
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
channel.basic_consume(queue='hello',
on_message_callback=callback,
auto_ack=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
```
5. 工作队列
5.1 创建工作队列
```python
import pika
import time
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
message = "A message"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='task_queue',
body=message,
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent
))
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
```
5.2 消费者
```python
import pika
import time
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
time.sleep(body.count(b'.'))
print(" [x] Done")
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='task_queue', durable=True)
print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(queue='task_queue',
on_message_callback=callback)
channel.start_consuming()
```
6. 发布/订阅模式
6.1 发布者
```python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')
message = "Log message"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
routing_key='',
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
```
6.2 订阅者
```python
import pika
import sys
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r" % body)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')
result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name)
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name,
on_message_callback=callback,
auto_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
```
7. 路由模式
7.1 发布者
```python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')
severity = "info"
message = "Info message"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
routing_key=severity,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()
```
7.2 订阅者
```python
import pika
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')
severities = ["info", "warning"]
result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
for severity in severities:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=severity)
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name,
on_message_callback=callback,
auto_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
```
8. 主题模式
8.1 发布者
```python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')
routing_key = "kern.critical"
message = "Kernel critical message"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
routing_key=routing_key,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()
```
8.2 订阅者
```python
import pika
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')
result = channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
binding_keys = ["kern.*", "*.critical"]
for binding_key in binding_keys:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=binding_key)
print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name,
on_message_callback=callback,
auto_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
```