👨💻本文专栏：ElasticSearch和Kibana的安全设置以及https设置
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ElasticSearch和Kibana的安全设置以及https设置
ElasticSearch8.x之后就默认开始了安全设置，以下记录ES8.x之后的版本的安全设置
首先
基本安全设置
传输层依赖于双向 TLS 来进行节点的加密和身份验证。正确应用 TLS 可确保恶意节点无法加入集群并与其他节点交换数据 。虽然在 HTTP 层实现用户名和密码身份验证对于保护本地集群很有用，但节点之间通信的安全性需要 TLS。 在节点之间配置 TLS 是防止未经授权的节点访问集群的基本安全设置。
在安全集群中，Elasticsearch 节点在与其他节点通信时使用证书来标识自己。 集群必须验证这些证书的真实性。推荐的方法是信任特定的证书颁发机构 (CA)。将节点添加到集群时，它们必须使用由同一 CA 签名的证书。 对于传输层，我们建议使用单独的专用 CA，而不是现有的、可能共享的 CA，以便严格控制节点成员资格。使用elasticsearch-certutil工具为您的集群生成CA。
设置步骤如下：
-
在启动 Elasticsearch 之前， 使用bin目录下的elasticsearch-certutil 工具为生成 CA
bashelasticsearch-certutil ca # 会出现如下提示 Please enter the desired output file [elastic-stack-ca.p12]: # 回车就行 默认文件名elastic-stack-ca.p12 Enter password for elastic-stack-ca.p12 : # 设置CA的密码 -
用上面生成的CA生成证书和私钥
shelasticsearch-certutil cert --ca elastic-stack-ca.p12 # 会出现如下提示 Enter password for CA (elastic-stack-ca.p12) : # 输入使用CA的密码 上面设置的 Please enter the desired output file [elastic-certificates.p12]: # 回车就行 默认证书的名字 Enter password for elastic-certificates.p12 : # 设置证书的密码 -
把生成的证书拷贝到配置文件夹config中
-
修改es的配置
yaml# 文件末尾添加如下配置 xpack.security.enabled: true xpack.security.enrollment.enabled: true # Enable encryption and mutual authentication between cluster nodes xpack.security.transport.ssl: enabled: true verification_mode: certificate keystore.path: elastic-certificates.p12 truststore.path: elastic-certificates.p12 -
将CA和证书密码存储在Elasticsearch密钥库，使用bin目录下的elasticsearch-keystore工具
shelasticsearch-keystore add xpack.security.transport.ssl.keystore.secure_password elasticsearch-keystore add xpack.security.transport.ssl.truststore.secure_password
加密 Elasticsearch 的 HTTP 客户端通信(https)
-
通过运行 Elasticsearch HTTP 证书工具elasticsearch-certutil以生成证书签名请求 (CSR)
shelasticsearch-certutil http # 会出现如下提示 Generate a CSR? [y/N]n Use an existing CA? [y/N]y # 是否使用已经存在的ca，基本安全设置已经生成过了 CA Path: elastic-stack-ca.p12 # 输入ca的相对配置文件夹的路径，应该把ca复制到config中 Password for elastic-stack-ca.p12: # ca的密码 You may enter the validity period in years (e.g. 3Y), months (e.g. 18M), or days (e.g. 90D) For how long should your certificate be valid? [5y] 5y # 证书有效期 Generate a certificate per node? [y/N]n # 是否为每个节点生成，单节点就n 集群的话就y 根据情况而定 Enter all the hostnames that you need, one per line. When you are done, press <ENTER> once more to move on to the next step # 输入可以可以颁发（通过）证书的域名 直接回车 Is this correct [Y/n]y Enter all the IP addresses that you need, one per line. When you are done, press <ENTER> once more to move on to the next step. # 输入可以可以颁发（通过）证书的IP 直接回车 Is this correct [Y/n]y Do you wish to change any of these options? [y/N]n # 是否修改上述信息 Provide a password for the "http.p12" file: [<ENTER> for none] # 设置http证书请求的密码 What filename should be used for the output zip file? [C:\cvzhanshi\environment\elasticsearch-8.15.0\elasticsearch-ssl-http.zip] # 生成的文件名 回车默认 -
把生成的文件解压
/elasticsearch |_ README.txt |_ http.p12 |_ sample-elasticsearch.yml /kibana |_ README.txt |_ elasticsearch-ca.pem |_ sample-kibana.yml -
把http.p12复制到es的config中，elasticsearch-ca.pem复制到kibana的config中
-
修改es的配置文件末尾追加
yaml# Enable encryption for HTTP API client connections, such as Kibana, Logstash, and Agents xpack.security.http.ssl: enabled: true keystore.path: http.p12 truststore.path: http.p12 -
将私钥的密码添加到 Elasticsearch 中的安全设置中
shelasticsearch-keystore add xpack.security.http.ssl.keystore.secure_password elasticsearch-keystore add xpack.security.http.ssl.truststore.secure_password
加密 Kibana 和 Elasticsearch 之间的通信
-
将上面的elasticsearch-ca.pem复制到kibana的config中
-
修改配置文件
yamlelasticsearch.hosts: ["https://localhost:9200"] elasticsearch.username: "kibana" elasticsearch.password: "kibana" elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "C:/cvzhanshi/environment/kibana-8.15.0/config/elasticsearch-ca.pem" ] i18n.locale: "zh-CN"
加密浏览器和 Kibana 之间的通信
-
通过es的工具elasticsearch-certutil为 Kibana 生成服务器证书和私钥。
shelasticsearch-certutil csr -name kibana-server -dns example.com,www.example.com得到一个文件解压目录如下:
/kibana-server |_ kibana-server.csr |_ kibana-server.key -
解压csr-bundle.zip文件，获取kibana-server.csr未签名安全证书和kibana-server.key未加密私钥
-
将 kibana-server.csr 证书签名请求发送到您的内部 CA 或受信任的 CA 进行签名，以获得签名证书。
sh# 可以使用命令 生成kibana-server.crt证书 openssl x509 -req -in ./kibana-server.csr -signkey ./kibana-server.key -out ./kibana-server.crt -
把证书拷贝到config目录下
-
修改配置文件
yamlserver.ssl.enabled: true server.ssl.certificate: C:/cvzhanshi/environment/kibana-8.15.0/config/kibana-server.crt server.ssl.key: C:/cvzhanshi/environment/kibana-8.15.0/config/kibana-server.key
重启es和kibana测试通过https访问9200和5601端口
附录
完整配置文件
elasticsearch.yml
yaml
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
path.data: C:\\cvzhanshi\\environment\\elasticsearch-8.15.0\\data
#
# Path to log files:
#
path.logs: C:\\cvzhanshi\\environment\\elasticsearch-8.15.0\\logs
xpack.security.enabled: true
xpack.security.enrollment.enabled: true
# Enable encryption for HTTP API client connections, such as Kibana, Logstash, and Agents
xpack.security.http.ssl:
enabled: true
keystore.path: http.p12
truststore.path: http.p12
# Enable encryption and mutual authentication between cluster nodes
xpack.security.transport.ssl:
enabled: true
verification_mode: certificate
keystore.path: elastic-certificates.p12
truststore.path: elastic-certificates.p12kibana.yml
yaml
# =================== System: Kibana Server (Optional) ===================
# Enables SSL and paths to the PEM-format SSL certificate and SSL key files, respectively.
# These settings enable SSL for outgoing requests from the Kibana server to the browser.
server.ssl.enabled: true
server.ssl.certificate: C:/cvzhanshi/environment/kibana-8.15.0/config/kibana-server.crt
server.ssl.key: C:/cvzhanshi/environment/kibana-8.15.0/config/kibana-server.key
# =================== System: Elasticsearch ===================
# The URLs of the Elasticsearch instances to use for all your queries.
elasticsearch.hosts: ["https://localhost:9200"]
# If your Elasticsearch is protected with basic authentication, these settings provide
# the username and password that the Kibana server uses to perform maintenance on the Kibana
# index at startup. Your Kibana users still need to authenticate with Elasticsearch, which
# is proxied through the Kibana server.
elasticsearch.username: "kibana"
elasticsearch.password: "kibana"
# =================== System: Elasticsearch (Optional) ===================
# These files are used to verify the identity of Kibana to Elasticsearch and are required when
# xpack.security.http.ssl.client_authentication in Elasticsearch is set to required.
#elasticsearch.ssl.certificate: /path/to/your/client.crt
#elasticsearch.ssl.key: /path/to/your/client.key
# Enables you to specify a path to the PEM file for the certificate
# authority for your Elasticsearch instance.
elasticsearch.ssl.certificateAuthorities: [ "C:/cvzhanshi/environment/kibana-8.15.0/config/elasticsearch-ca.pem" ]
# Specifies locale to be used for all localizable strings, dates and number formats.
# Supported languages are the following: English (default) "en", Chinese "zh-CN", Japanese "ja-JP", French "fr-FR".
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"